27: Daniel Schmachtenberger - On Avoiding Apocalypses
| On Avoiding Apocalypses | |
| |
| Information | |
|---|---|
| Guest | Daniel Schmachtenberger |
| Length | 03:38:06 |
| Release Date | 27 March 2020 |
| YouTube Date | 27 April 2020 |
| Apple Podcasts | Listen |
| Links | |
| YouTube | Watch |
| Portal Blog | Read |
| All Episodes | |
In this second episode of the Portal to be released during shelter-in-place restrictions during the Corona Virus Pandemic, we release an older discussion with Daniel Schmachtenberger on whether there is any plausible long term scenario for human flourishing confined to a single shared planet.
Daniel is seen as a leader of the growing Game B subculture of the human potential movement. This group bets that there is a second evolutionary stable strategy for cohabiting not based on conflict or rivalry, even for life raised in Game A (i.e. standard evolutionary and economic environments based on scarcity and rivalrous goods). Eric asks Daniel about where the bright spots and progress might be in this movement which refuses to accept the fate that that Eric has elsewhere put forward as the Twin Nuclei Problem of having unlocked the power of both Cell and Atom in the early 1950s without the wisdom to use it.
Sponsors[edit]
- Athletic Greens: AthleticGreens.com/Portal
- Mack Weldon: MackWeldon.com - enter promo code PORTAL
- Four Sigmatic: FourSigmatic.com/Portal
Table of contents[edit]
Transcript[edit]
00:00:00
[intro music]
Eric Weinstein: Hello, this is Eric with a few thoughts for our housekeeping section this week. As this is our second episode to be released during a bizarre and near global patchwork of local quarantines, I wanted to update you on my evolving thinking and understanding surrounding our shared pandemic. But perhaps more importantly, I wanna begin putting this response to the virus in the context of what we've already talked about on The Portal. In particular, the DISC or Distributed Idea Suppression Complex introduced in episode eighteen appears to be in full swing. So how do we know that this is happening? Well, Twitter, and this is just as an example, has now refined their terms of service to broaden their definition of harm itself to address, in their words and I quote, "Content that goes directly against guidance from authoritative sources of global and local public health information. Rather than reports, we will enforce this in close coordination with trusted partners, including public health authorities and governments, and continue to use and consult with information from those sources when reviewing content. Under this new guidance, we will require people to remove tweets." Now, of course, in a pandemic, that sounds sensible, at least to my ears. In such a situation, who wants marginal gadflies like, I don't know, Mike Cernovich or the infamous Mencius Moldbug, AKA Curtis Yarvin, contradicting the mayor of New York City, Bill de Blasio, or The Washington Post in a time crying out for coordinated and authoritative response? Well, here's the awkward part. Many of the people who called this epidemic early and correctly were the very marginal internet personalities that the legacy media folks love to deride as trolls, grifters, and gadflies. As for the mayor of New York City, well, after Cernovich and Moldbug had correctly called for drastic action, Bill de Blasio wrote, "I'm encouraging New Yorkers to go on with your lives and get out on the town despite coronavirus," and that was in early March. A sentiment that was echoed by The Washington Post that viewed concern over the virus as a kind of neurosis that had to be addressed psychologically. In short, the Gated Institutional Narrative or GIN was not close to being the first to see COVID as the giant threat requiring a planetary response. It was those outside the GIN that not only saw this early, but proved that it was seeable early by many different individuals who generally seemed to sit outside the institutional and respectable worlds. So just why was this? Well, first of all, The Portal has argued many times before that we have had an almost universally unworkable leadership class now in place for just under fifty years, and that it arose to disguise the end of the post-war economic growth regime. This is a collection of people who have refactored the institutions that they've led within our system specifically to evade the embedded growth obligations or egos that were set in the previous era and who rewarded each other generally for doing exactly the wrong things in terms of the public good. With an end to mandatory retirements, the same people have been promoted for borrowing against the future and playing games of Russian roulette with financial markets and healthcare while self-dealing within the system that they were handed as stewards for the generations to come. Serving a false god of fake economic efficiency that reliably and deliberately fails to adequately incorporate actual economics like negative externalities, von Neumann-Morgenstern subutility functions, principal-agent problems, moral hazard, et cetera, et cetera. Our ubiquitous economists have hidden behind the mask of technocrats working for the public good while merely pretending to practice their own profession. Healthcare mandarins too regularly ignore the warnings coming out of their own literature. I mean, heading over to Google Scholar, which readiness czar or hospital head could forget titles like "Mechanical Ventilation in an Airborne Epidemic" by Fua in two thousand and eight, or "Preparing Intensive Care for the Next Pandemic Influenza" by Taylor Kane and Robert Fowler in twenty nineteen? Or those back-to-back hits of Meltzer et al., "Stockpiling Ventilators for Influenza Pandemics" and "Estimates of the Demand for Mechanical Ventilation in the United States During an Influenza Pandemic" in twenty seventeen and twenty fifteen respectively. In short, we got here not because we couldn't foresee this future. In fact, we extensively studied it. We got here because we decided to ignore the future that we knew was coming. The specific class of people that we had at the helm of our institutions were constitutionally incapable of putting their foot down and asserting that we needed deeper reserves in order to handle what they called surge capacity. So do I know what's going on? Hmm. What I said during this section of our last episode still holds true this week. My continuing discussions with a number of people I respect deeply seem surprisingly inconclusive to me, even at this late date. So my mind wanders to the second-order question of why it would be so difficult to sketch a straightforward narrative to guide us. In fact, Dr. Peter Attia's most recent video evidences some of this confusion, where he shares that as a physician, he feels so spun around by what he is hearing that even he is forced to think in political rather than medical or scientific terms to explain the situation. To oversimplify slightly, there are three great risks with the COVID virus: one of underreaction, one of overreaction, and one of inappropriate reaction. The first threatens an enormous body count from the virus with severe respiratory and other damage to many of the recovered. The second threatens a worldwide depression which could well lead to armed clashes and even wars of various sizes. The last leads to many of our efforts being wasted or even captured by profiteers at a time when we are demanded not to deeply question the coordinating authorities. And oddly, we are being prepared to participate in both under and overreactions simultaneously, just as many of us are worrying about allocations of financial assistance that are now valued in the trillions. I mean, this is crazy at some level, no? We are somehow discussing ill-conceived multi-trillion dollar assistance packages at the same time as we are being readied to go back to work while also hearing that New York is now apocalyptic. I mean, that's pretty confusing. We are going to transfer vast amounts of wealth, so please know that everything will be fine when you get back to work shortly. But in the meantime, the borough of Queens is experiencing Armageddon. Even by high school dating standards, that's a lot of mixed and conflicting messages. Now, what could explain this odd state of affairs? I found myself compelled by a very simple idea from whose grip I cannot easily escape. The idea is straightforward. What if our leadership is treating this as much as an accountability crisis as a medical one when it comes to their actions? I mean, what if the issue over which we are being quarantined isn't actually the number of deaths they are trying to prevent, but the type of deaths? Perhaps there is one special category of death then that our leaders are more afraid of than all others for reasons of accountability rather than the simple loss of life. In order to explore this idea, it might help to make it somewhat concrete. Therefore, imagine that you had drafted a blank tweet on Twitter called New York Blue Check Death List for at least minorly well-known accounts that you follow from New York State that are eventually brought low by the COVID virus and that it initially has no other content. Of course, it would start out blank. But now imagine that every time one of these account owners dies of COVID, you plan to add them to your soon-to-be growing list. That's pretty morbid, but hey, it's now a pandemic after all. Oddly, these aren't even really the deaths that I'm talking about quite yet. Perhaps the first few are old people who have lived long and full lives. But as your list begins to fill up, there may come a first gruesome death that happened to a vital younger person who desperately needed a ventilator or an ICU bed or a trained MD or nurse to have a fighting chance. Let us call these triage deaths if they result from a missing resource that could have and should have been stocked for just such emergencies. These losses are beginning to outline the class of deaths that I believe may now be driving this difficult-to-understand response from our political and medical leadership. While deaths from the virus may be tragic, these specific triage deaths may be considered career-ending deaths of accountability for medical, scientific, business, and political leaders who specifically failed to heed warnings from the group studying our preparedness. As such, they may have mattered most in determining the shape of our current response as they are all deaths that come from failing to implement copious previous work in identifying our vulnerabilities meant to shape our disaster preparedness. These would be quite bad because they would involve people that we feel we know. But it could actually get much worse for our leaders than that. If you were now to swap out the blue check requirement and exchange it instead for, I don't know, the most sympathetic person you could imagine, what happens when death swoops down on a young girl of eight named Aruna who needs a ventilator desperately but can't get one? Or perhaps the entire Gomez family is turned away from a queen's ER or made to wait for ICU beds that never materialize while there is still time to save three out of their four members. I mean, what if it is these triage deaths which are actually closer to negligent homicide than mere viral losses that are actually terrifying our leaders into draconian action rather than the total number of dead as they say? This hypothesis has the advantage of at least being consistent with the otherwise confusing and seemingly conflicting themes developed before. Burdens from our leaders who are caught having utterly failed in their mission to keep us prepared would have to be shifted onto our entire society as a whole. Think about it. The public would be asked for broad participation in something like flatten the curve. And why? To cover for the lack of the same ICU beds, masks, PPE, and ventilators that were called for in numerous academic papers over the last 20 years studying just such viral pandemic scenarios. I mean, it's really quite close. As the authorities now scramble at top speed to finally get the missing resources in place that should have been banked all along, they would also simultaneously be preparing us to go back to work to risk regular viral rather than triage deaths just as soon as the shortfalls could be made up as there doesn't seem to be a highly credible plan to defeat the virus. To see the implications of this triage death avoidance hypothesis, conduct a thought experiment. Imagine that all of the rate-limiting resources for efficient ICU treatment were suddenly parachuted out on pallets from helicopters all over the world. The question is, would we continue to shelter in place given that we have no cure or vaccine, or would we be told to toughen up and go back to work? Now, I don't know the answer, but I believe the question is not devoid of interest. Think about it. I will as well. This episode introduces a relatively unknown guest to our Portal audience. Now, many of you are familiar with the concept of true fame versus other kinds of fame. For example, there's big in Europe or internet famous. Well, in a certain West Coast subculture, there is a concept of California famous, and such names would include Laura Deming, Michael Vassar, Eliezer Yudkowsky, Alex Green, currently in federal prison, Jordan Greenhall, Julia Galef, Tristan Harris, Daniel Barquet, Tom Chi, Grant Sanderson, Rick Doblin, Brett Victor, and many others. My guest on this episode is my friend Daniel Schmachtenberger, an important node in the system. Now, the odd thing about Daniel is that wherever he or I found ourselves riffing with others on topics existential, someone would often tell us about the other and that we needed to become friends as well, and I think that was probably a pretty good call on their part. I have sat on this episode for months, however, because I was hoping that I would have a second chance to record with Daniel, given that he was on very little sleep from the night before this discussion was recorded. However, we now find ourselves in a viral outbreak, and Daniel is one of the few people I deal with trying to make progress on how humans can have a permanent future on this small and dangerous planet, particularly amidst the fatal temptations of nuclear and biological warfare, which I have termed the twin nuclei problem elsewhere. Now, the coronavirus may or may not turn out to be related to laboratory strains, but the problems it poses and foreshadows are directly within or adjacent to Daniel's area of focus. Daniel in particular favors the wisdom and design branch of the human fate decision tree, a branch that I think probably deserves the second most attention after my personal favorite, which is the need for new physics with the possibility of escape to the distant cosmos. That is, Daniel is searching for something like the wisdom needed to re-engineer a non-rivalrous or anti-rivalrous society to live in harmony with its newfound godlike powers. Sometimes the search for a so-called escape through wisdom goes under the name of Game B. Now, the idea behind Game B is something like the following. Natural and sexual selection must be assumed to have engineered us for a cycle of competition and misery, which we might term Game A, played red of tooth and claw under the law of the jungle. Game B is, by contrast, a mythical second state where the agents originally built within Game A teach themselves to do something far less brutal, rivalrous, unsustainable, and wasteful, but without themselves getting out-competed by those who wish to remain in Game A. As such, Game B falls clearly within the confines of the so-called human potential movement. While I have taken an interest in this counterculture, I am not myself a part of it, as I fear that it does not fully make sense to me that Game B is really a possibility. Nevertheless, the quest for a less rivalrous world is probably a noble one, and one of which I'm at least partially personally supportive. In any event, I thought that this is the episode that is probably most in keeping with the semi-apocalyptic mood that many of us find ourselves within during these days of quarantine. I don't know if it will be everyone's cup of tea, but I think Daniel has many interesting perspectives, and it is a pleasure to introduce him to our Portal community. So please sit back and relax as we bring you an uninterrupted discussion with Daniel Schmachtenberger. [upbeat music] Hello, you've found The Portal. I'm your host, Eric Weinstein, and today we'll be sitting down with a name that will not be familiar to many of you, uh, my friend Daniel Schmachtenberger. Daniel, welcome to The Portal.
00:14:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Thanks for having me, Eric.
00:14:19
Eric Weinstein:
So Daniel, I have to admit that, um, the way in which I came to know you was a little bit odd. I would start to talk about various ideas, and people would simply say to me, "That's really interesting. Have you ever talked to Daniel Schmachtenberger?" And so far as I knew, you weren't affiliated with any famous institution. You, uh, did not have a large, uh, outreach into the public, and yet somehow my network was very attuned to your thinking. Do you have any sense of what it was that caused your name among all names to come up frequently in contexts that we share?
00:15:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, I think we just-- we do happen to have some good friends in common and people who have similar interests in terms of how to do better thinking, how to make civilization better, make society better, um, concerns about civilization risk, and probably mostly have friends that appreciate heterodox thinking, but clear heterodox thinking. And, uh, yeah, my, my goal was never a lot of broadcast. My goal was to communicate with people that I also thought were earnestly endeavoring to think well and see if we could think better about things and maybe make progress on things together.
00:15:46
Eric Weinstein:
Well, I suppose that the way I, I view it, um, is that there are very few people at the moment who are really trying to integrate any kind of rigorous thinking across many different disciplines to solve what I would think would be society-wide problems and opportunities, um, for everybody. And I find that very surprising because we, we keep being told what a prosperous society we are. And you would think that in a prosperous society, there would be lots of people experimenting with radically new ideas about societal organization at any given time, uh, given that, uh, so much is on the line whenever we talk about climate or multipolar geopolitical conflict. Um, it seems very strange that there are so few people who are interested in what I would think are effectively existential questions, uh, for humans. Do you find, first of all, that, um, you think that, that our, our world and our society is thinking properly about where it is in-- at this point in human history?
00:17:01
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Uh, no. I obviously don't think that we're thinking very well about it. Um, most any of the schools.
00:17:09
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
00:17:09
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, not the kind of environmental reactionary, not the left, not the right, not the, um, techno-capitalist singulitarian optimists. Um, I think there is some signal and a good bit of noise, and also not just epistemic bias, but epistemic inadequacy coming from whatever domain specialty, looking at something that's so much more complex than any domain specialty by itself is gonna do a good job of. Um, I think you speak well to why there are not more different ideas trying to figure things out, is you end up getting some kind of dominant system that is just autopoetic. It's self-perpetuating. And so then it-
00:17:56
Eric Weinstein:
You wanna say what, uh, what you mean, uh, by autopoetic?
00:17:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Uh, yeah, self-perpetuating, self-authoring. And so let's-- And when we say system, it's like, what system? Are we talking about the academic system? Are we talking about the monetary system? Are we talking about our government system? Are we talking about culture? Are we talking about media and information communication? And it's, yes, it's the intersection of all those into a kind of civilizational system, and that I think can be Best thought of, if we want to think of it in simple terms, as the system that confers power to things.
00:18:32
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
00:18:33
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And so of course, everything that supports that system gets more power within the system, and everything that would possibly threaten the core relevancy or validity of the system threatens people who are doing well in the system, and so it gets kind of spit out by the system. And so I think, um, that's a very strong normative force.
00:18:55
Eric Weinstein:
All right. So l- let me, let me give a little bit of my frame. W- um, we can try to pass things back and forth, and feel free to take over if you like. But h- here's what I see that I think of as being really interesting and, and rather mysterious. I see a decision tree in which I think at a society-wide level, I can't accept any of the major branches. So one branch would be that we, we have a self-extinguishing human event, let's say an all-out nuclear war where people miscalculate and the planet is unrecognizable. Then there's a, a different branch that says that there's some sort of a environmental collapse, maybe with a nuclear exchange or some sort of synthetic biology, who knows what, where there are survivors, but it's not, it's not the world that we're, we, we see out our window here. Then there's another one which says maybe we manage to trundle on for another, uh, thousand years, somehow limping along without any major new ideas. We're still using markets. Things are getting incrementally better. Maybe there are some big breakthroughs here and there, but there's no big breakthrough in human wisdom, um, so that we have the same dangerous objects, but we s- we continue to be lucky that nobody weaponizes these things and that there's no broad collapse. Then there's an escape branch where we, [sniffs] we end up on Mars, or maybe we escape even farther out in the universe, or maybe we get uploaded into silicon. There's no part of this tree that looks sensible to me. Every single branch is somewhere in sci-fi. Um, are you seeing something [laughs] that looks like that, or do you have some branches that you think are more probable and more hopeful?
00:20:35
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, more hopeful, yes. Probable, no. But I can't do a probability calculation 'cause they're unprecedented, so I don't have priors.
00:20:42
Eric Weinstein:
Well, you have to, you have to impute.
00:20:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. So the first two that you said, existential risk and catastrophic risk-
00:20:48
Eric Weinstein:
Right
00:20:48
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... there's certainly lots of different ways for both of those to occur that get, that are getting increasingly likely-
00:20:54
Eric Weinstein:
Okay
00:20:54
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... as time goes on, as I model it, and I think we should get into that. Um, the idea that it continues relatively similar to how it is for 1,000 years, I don't see possible at all. And I can say why I think this s- civilization system is actually self-terminating in a much shorter time than that inexorably. Like, there is no way that it could continue for very long. And so, uh, th- the escape models I'm fairly dubious of, not because we couldn't with near-term tech get some people into space-
00:21:28
Eric Weinstein:
Right
00:21:28
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... but we certainly couldn't get something that doesn't depend on Earth, that if we fuck things up here, it's doing well within the timeframes that I think will fuck things up on Earth. Um, at least the tr- trajectory as I see it. So then the question you ask, is there some other thing like, uh, progress to a totally different type of social system here, or a totally different type of civilization system that can continue for a long time, that isn't self-terminating and that isn't generating catastrophic and existential risks as the byproduct of the architecture of the system itself, is really the only path. So, m- you know, what I spend most of my time working on is what the architectures of a system like that must be and what the transition would look like.
00:22:13
Eric Weinstein:
So I'm, I'm quite happy with that description, and that also sort of sets up what, uh, at least our initial superficial division is. That is that of the branches of the decision tree that I can't accept, um, the most hopeful branch to me is that we learn our source code and use it to do something that it's, has never been done, that, something that has never been done before, which is potentially, um, uh, travel, uh, outside the solar system or pr- potentially through some as yet unknown physical possibility. Uh, you have an idea about hacking social systems with, so far, our biology th- it, the way it is and our, our structure the way it is in, in our, in, in our governance, but somehow delivering us to a new structure. I don't know whether that's gonna be through human enhancement, through a cultural change, through re-incentivizing the world. So i- am I right that those, those, those... I, I think that your branch of the decision tree is very interesting. I just, I'm very pessimistic about it, and I think you should be pessimistic about mine.
00:23:27
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, when you say hacking the source code, you mean the source code of physics so we can get something like a warp drive, and I'm down, right? Like, I'll totally work with you on a galactic cruiser if we can do that thing.
00:23:36
Eric Weinstein:
Well, I'm not saying warp drive, but okay.
00:23:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
[laughs]
00:23:38
Eric Weinstein:
Just as, as a, as a placeholder example.
00:23:39
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
As a placeholder.
00:23:40
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
00:23:41
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, I think the thing that I'm talking about also requires something like understanding source code at a different level.
00:23:49
Eric Weinstein:
Sure.
00:23:50
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Not source code of physics, but source code of things related to-
00:23:54
Eric Weinstein:
Motivation
00:23:55
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... yeah, psychology and evolution and the nature of tool making and the nature of, um, collective sense making and choice making type dynamics.
00:24:03
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
00:24:04
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And but to start to go into what it would look like, we have to do, I would have to, to have it make any sense, describe what I think the problems are, why the current system is self-terminating, and why all the systems that we have ever had have been self-terminating, because we've got to actually define the problem properly to be able to say, 'cause that gives me necessary and sufficient criteria for what an adequate solution would have to address.
00:24:28
Eric Weinstein:
Well, you're teeing up my next question, which is, um- Take us through your reasoning as to why we can't luck out-
00:24:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
[laughs]
00:24:38
Eric Weinstein:
... over several hundred years and simply kind of, uh, bumble on as before.
00:24:45
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay. Couple different ways of looking at this that all converge. [sighs] If we look at the kind of Club of Rome Limits to Growth type model, um, I think that this is more fundamental than we're used to thinking about. So, uh, you and Peter were talking the other day about the need for ongoing-
00:25:08
Eric Weinstein:
Let's just say Peter Thiel, for those who haven't seen the inaugural episode of the show
00:25:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... uh, talking about the need for ongoing economic growth so that we can stay in positive-sum dynamics, 'cause if we don't have economic growth and people keep wanting more stuff, then it goes zero-sum, and that creates conflict. Um-
00:25:26
Eric Weinstein:
So just to, to make sure that we're, I'm understanding your terminology, positive-sum dynamics means that whatever the s- uh, mythical pie of, um-
00:25:35
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It keeps getting bigger.
00:25:36
Eric Weinstein:
Yes. The... Okay.
00:25:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I think that obviously we can go positive-sum and still have it all be captured by a few, right? Like, not actually have anything like appropriate distribution, and we know that wealth has a power law distribution, and there's some very fundamental things about why it's always gonna have a power law distribution if it has social architectures like we currently have.
00:25:55
Eric Weinstein:
So I- I'm comfortable with this, but by power law distribution, we mean that the, the winners are so much bigger, uh, as winners than, than a, let's say a normal probability, a normal bell-shaped curve-
00:26:08
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
00:26:08
Eric Weinstein:
... would tell us.
00:26:09
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
The curve looks like this. You have a few people who have almost everything, and most people have quite little, and that as, you know, if we look at, like, the increase in wealth that has happened since the internet, it has not been pretty evenly distributed over most of the people. It's been, you know, increasing wealth inequality.
00:26:27
Eric Weinstein:
So do, is there a name for the pie that's growing, but where almost everybody's [laughs] slice except for a few people's, uh, is shrinking?
00:26:35
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, I mean, we could call it global GDP as one very simplified metric.
00:26:39
Eric Weinstein:
All right.
00:26:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, and we could say, okay, so we want global GDP to increase 'cause that represents total goods and services that represent some way of thinking about value. It's a really bad way of thinking about value, and I think we should discuss that.
00:26:53
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
00:26:54
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, [sighs] if... Obviously, up until the Industrial Revolution, there were about a half a billion people on the planet at most.
00:27:07
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
00:27:08
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And then we go, as soon, as soon as the Industrial Revolution and our ability to, uh, extract resources at faster than their reproduction amounts from the biosphere, we go from half a billion people over whatever 300,000 years of Homo sapien history to eight billion people in almost no time at all. And so that's like, there's a real issue there that is we are subsidizing our growth with savings accounts that are finite, and there's a bunch of different ways of thinking about that. But if we look at biodiversity loss or species extinction or growing dead zones in the ocean or any of these issues, not just climate change, we can see that we have, we have a linear materials economy that takes resources from the Earth unrenewably and produces a bunch of, uh, pollution, waste heat, whatever, in the process of manufacturing, transportation, and then turns them into trash on this side. And so we get both accumulation dynamics and depletion dynamics, and you can't keep running accumulation and depletion dynamics on a finite biosphere indefinitely.
00:28:21
Eric Weinstein:
Okay. Now y- of course, you see the im- uh, the immediate next argument, which is-
00:28:25
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Make a closed loop economy
00:28:26
Eric Weinstein:
... well, that you, uh, you needed to burn fossil fuels for a period of time in order to become wealthy enough to figure out how to do something clean, green, and sustainable, right? And so the idea is that these are really just intermediate phases, and it looks pretty dirty and grubby now, but in fact, um, good news, human, human ingenuity is boundless, and so we'll just think our way out of whatever new problems we've created.
00:28:51
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So we can all easily say we can't keep running a linear materials economy with exponential growth on the planet. That's pretty straightforward, and that we're actually very near limits of our capacity to keep doing that on a bunch of different atomic cycles. Um, so then we say, "Okay, well, we have to go closed loop, where the new stuff that we make comes from the old stuff, the old stuff turns into new stuff, and that we're able to do that closed loop cycling of matter using renewable energy." And so this is one necessary dynamic, but this already doesn't look like the model that you were mentioning of society l- hobbling along mostly the same, 'cause that's actually really, really different. That, that would already be a significant change. Not maybe as significant as a warp drive, but it would be a fundamentally different type of civilization.
00:29:37
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
00:29:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And so I would say that that movement to a closed loop materials economy is necessary, but nowhere close to sufficient. Um, one, one thing that's gonna come is if I want to run anything like capitalism, just from a materials economy basis, where I'm going to have to keep growing the capital supply year over year just to keep up with interest, right? You, there's a exponential expansion of the m- monetary basis that is required for capitalism to exist. So then to not debase the currency, we have to keep growing the goods and services, and I can't actually, in a closed loop materials economy that is near the carrying capacity, I can't keep growing the goods and services indefinitely. So then, of course, the argument is, well, we can do it almost all digitally, and th- this is a bit of a complex argument, but I would say there are some coupling coefficients between how much virtual value we have that keeps being value that doesn't go into diminishing returns relative to how much physical value, that there's some coupling coefficients between atoms, energy, and bits that make up the materials economy, and then also time, human attention. So, um, I don't think that we can keep running a exponential capital expansion, but I'll make a, a simpler argument. Capitalism and nationalism, but feudalism is also an example, are rival risk game theoretic structures, some in-group competing against some out-group. And we can play coordination games where we'll coordinate with each other if it's more advantageous, but we reserve the right to defect and go zero sum on each other if that's more advantageous. And we have been employing more and more powerful technology to play rival risk games. That means more and more potent warfare, more and more potent ex- extraction, environmental extraction, and more and more potent information tech that can do narrative and information warfare, narrative control. Um, something I would say is that rival risk game dynamics necessarily are causing some harm in the system. Either I'm harming you directly, you're harming me, or we're externalizing harm to a commons, an information or an ecological commons. You can't keep externalizing harm exponentially. And so rival risk game dynamics multiplied by exponential tech end up self-terminating. We can't do exponential warfare, exponential extraction, or exponential disinformation. We've already gotten so far with exponential disinformation that we almost can't make sense of anything because you have a system that incents disinformation.
00:32:24
Eric Weinstein:
Okay, well, this is the first place that I start to hear an argument that has a hope of dealing with the congenital, uh, institutional optimism. Sure, there are naysayers, but I say that America's greatest days are in front of her. Have we not always found solutions to our problems? And you, you know, you cue the, the brass band, and everybody feels enlivened. And I've always found these arguments kind of bizarre. Um, not that things haven't worked out. I think things have worked out, to be honest, quite a bit better than I would have ever predicted if you'd put me down in 1945 and said, "What's gonna happen over the next 50 years?" Um, let's be honest. We've been pretty lucky. Um, and it's been pretty, pretty terrific on balance. That said, um, I also can't figure out a way in which we just become more powerful in our ability to extract, our ability to confuse, our ability to mete out harm, uh, from the strong to the weak. So my guess is that even if I guessed wrong again and we could get another 50 years out of it, sooner or later, either something like what you're talking about, a change in the basic structure of rival risk int- interaction, maybe we should talk a little bit about what, what that means-
00:33:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
00:33:46
Eric Weinstein:
... but I think people probably intuit it. Um, or, you know, it just requires an increasing amount of luck as we get farther away from the events that may have caused the last 50 years. I think that people who had direct experience of the Depression and World War II and maybe World War I, they weren't fooled into thinking that this was an easy game and that life was simple. They had had enough primary experience with really catastrophic, uh, events that th- they knew that they were playing with the full stack.
00:34:22
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay, there's a, there's a bunch of directions that I'm interested in going. So one is World War II was the first time that we actually had existential level technology as a species in our recorded history. That's a big deal because we couldn't have actually blown ourselves up before then. And in evolutionary time or even civilization time, that's just like a few minutes, right? Like, this is not very long that we've had that.
00:34:44
Eric Weinstein:
I agree.
00:34:45
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And if you read, like, if you read Ellsberg's Doomsday Machine, it is kind of lucky that we haven't blown ourselves up because there were a lot of just mistakes that should have blown us up, right? Um, but it's really hard to build nukes, right? It really takes nation state level capacity, and mostly only a few nation states-
00:35:05
Eric Weinstein:
So far
00:35:06
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... could do it. Yeah, and this is the point, is that if you only have a few actors that have nukes, everybody can monitor each other and have something like mutually assured destruction to force an equilibrium. But this is the thing about exponential tech, is we don't just get exponentially more powerful tech. We get exponentially more distrib- distribution on powerful tech.
00:35:27
Eric Weinstein:
Daniel, I want to keep going with this, but I'm going to keep slowing you down when you use a term that may not be familiar to a sufficient number of our listeners. What do you mean by expo- exponential tech?
00:35:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So tech that helps us make better tech, so we get a return curve on the technology. So we see this kind of exponential, the very famously Moore's law in computing. We see this kind of exponential rate of growth of computing power because, like, nuclear bombs don't actually give us better insight into how to make nuclear bombs directly, but computers give us better insight into how to make better computers. And so there are different areas of exponential tech where the technology itself increases our capacity to make more of the technology or some underlying dynamic where we get some exponential increases in our capacity. So we can see, for varying reasons, exponential increases in compute power, exponential increases in certain types of biotech, like specifically things associated with, like, CRISPR, genetic engineering, gene drives, uh, nanotech. And those things all-- You get exponentials also because there we're dealing with things that could self-replicate, right? And so a, a nuclear bomb is a big deal, but it doesn't self-replicate. But a synthetic biology device can self-replicate, or a genetically engineered thing can. And so we can have exponential growth of the effect of something. And so, um- If we, if we take a look at the growth in, uh, biotechnology capacity, and we specifically look at breakthroughs like CRISPR tech and the capacity for things like gene drives to be able to modify foundational biology well, that makes it to where biowarfare capacity, like very high-level biowarfare capacity, becomes much, much, much simpler. So things that nation states used to be able to do, non-nation states are gaining the capacity to be able to do. Even drone tech, like we had the, the first... Everybody's who's thought about it has been like, "When are we going to have a really big problem with drones?" And a couple years ago was the first time in the Ukraine where a commercial drone with a homemade thermite bomb dropped it on a munitions factory, and because it hit a munitions factory and detonated the whole thing, you get a billion dollars of damage from just... I mean, that can be one person doing a very simple thing in their garage without any kind of really traceable exotic materials. But we can do, we can, we can do much worse things than that with, uh, exponentially increasing technological power. So the main thing when I say exponential tech is just we are getting an exponential increase in how powerful the choices we make can be. And that's a good way to think about technology as a lever on our choice-making, right? So no technology at all, I can make different choices. If I want to be violent, I can hit somebody. Stone tool allows me to extend my hitting capacity and hit much harder, right? A gun takes that much further, and an intercontinental ballistic missile takes that much further, which it's a similar type of choice to make, which is solve this problem through violence, extended by a much, much bigger lever. And what I would say is, if you look at the kind of people we have ever been, like look at the Romans, look at the Sumerians, look at the Mayans, look at any kind of people we've been-
00:38:52
Eric Weinstein:
Right
00:38:52
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and look at the distribution of ways we've made choices. Take any of those people and give them exponentially more power, factoring how they've used their power, and they self-terminate. Like, they, they don't use... They're not good stewards of power, and-
00:39:06
Eric Weinstein:
Well, I agree that we're not good stewards of power. I think that there is a, a mystery here that if we don't make eye contact with it, it's gonna dog the conversation. We've got a lot of, um, missing Stinger missiles, I believe, from the Afghan theater during the time that we were arming the Mujahideen. I don't know how many, but I think I heard that it was in the hundreds. Uh, yet we didn't see a ton of use. Maybe, you know, TWA Flight 800 had something to do with it, maybe not. We don't know. It's a mysterious situation. Um, there, there are plenty of reservoirs to poison. People always talk about that. We haven't seen that behavior. It seems to me that, um, these terrible shootings that we experience, I'm always astounded that the numbers are as low as they are. And you could make an argument that said that in general, people who are not in a position to benefit, who are engaged in some sort of self-terminating activity, people who are planning to go out with a, with a, a bang, if you will, um, are not very successful usually in doing huge amounts of damage. Now, that may change. So like we know that from the Murrah Federal Building that, uh, fertilizer is a pretty potent, uh, bomb ingredient, and yet we didn't see a huge s- uh, string of copycats, uh, after that. Is there something in us that i- i- is sort of capable, um, in an act of desperation and depression of killing tens of people that struggles to kill thousands or millions?
00:40:58
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I-
00:40:58
Eric Weinstein:
You understand what the que-
00:40:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I, I do
00:40:59
Eric Weinstein:
... there is a mystery here now.
00:41:00
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah, yeah. I think there's some positive things we have going for us, which is there generally tends to be an inverse correlation between people who are really good at tech and people who want to blow things up. Like, typically those, the people who want to blow things up mostly don't figure out how to make really good bioweapons, right? And the people who are really engaged in how to make more powerful breakthroughs in science and tech are usually engaged in some creative enterprise where they're not oriented to blow things up. That's actually, like, really important, and I think that's going well for us. I think that depends upon certain social things staying in place that we can't guarantee are going to stay in place.
00:41:46
Eric Weinstein:
Such as?
00:41:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, a relatively viable society for the people who have the technological capacities.
00:41:53
Eric Weinstein:
I... This is something that fascinates me. I... We seem to be very willing to destroy the lives of very capable people these days.
00:42:02
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. I-
00:42:03
Eric Weinstein:
And I, I, and I [laughs] always wonder, like, are we going to be surprised when somebody whose life we've ruined over nothing comes back at us and saying, "Wow, you really... You, you wrote me off, and you destroyed my reputation, my ability to earn a living. I can't have a security clearance. I can't do what it is that I enjoy doing, and now I'm on the outs"? Uh, I am terrified, for example, than, you know, the famously, the James Damore situation, where you start going after very bright sort of spectrum-y people, and you tell them that they're horrible, and you ruin them publicly. That's a very bad recipe.
00:42:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think it is a bad recipe, and, um-
00:42:47
Eric Weinstein:
The... And of course, James Damore is not a particular risk, but there are a lot of people who are very capable-
00:42:54
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
00:42:54
Eric Weinstein:
... who took one look at that situation and said, "Oh, so now no longer can I be Can I count on, um, getting things, uh, largely right? Maybe I get some stuff wrong around the edges, but no longer can I count on making interesting points and having a job, uh, when, when I get up the next morning.
00:43:16
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, like, when you were mentioning shootings, if I can just go buy an AR-15 even if I don't know how to make one-
00:43:22
Eric Weinstein:
Right
00:43:23
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... then I can kill a lot more people than I can with a knife, right? And so the, that's an increase in technological capacity that can empower someone who is psychologically damaged somehow to be able to do things they couldn't do without it. And I think as more powerful technology requires less scientific insight to be able to, uh, modify, then you're certainly gonna see more of those types of dynamics increase. I think one of the other things is that when we think about the Cold War-
00:43:54
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm
00:43:55
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... we really had two nuclear superpowers that could be locked in mutually assured destruction because with just two forces, you kind of have an easy Nash equilibrium. But as soon as you have a lot of forces and it's more multipolar, it's a much, much harder thing.
00:44:10
Eric Weinstein:
This is the thing that terrifies me, which is that I would much rather have two very skilled, hyper lethal powers, um, in some kind of weird communi- game theoretic communication with each other than lots of less skilled players with much less power, but significant ability to do damage.
00:44:32
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right. Which we have now.
00:44:34
Eric Weinstein:
Which we now have.
00:44:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And we have increasingly so, right? So we went from one country with nukes at the end of World War II to then two quickly in Cold War-type dynamics to, you know, whatever, nine on record if you don't count where all the missing uranium from the USSR that is in whatever places that it's in that, and that we're not just talking about nukes, we're talking about lots of other things. So I think, um, I think the gist is that rivalrous-type dynamics, whether we're talking about a rivalry that's a kinetic warfare like this, right, like a physical warfare-
00:45:11
Eric Weinstein:
Right
00:45:12
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... or an economic warfare-
00:45:13
Eric Weinstein:
Right
00:45:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... or an information warfare end up resulting in progressively more harm as we have more power. 'Cause the gist is if we're in some kind of warfare of whatever kind, then I need to figure out some asymmetric capacity to be able to beat you. But the moment I deploy that asymmetric capacity, it gets reverse engineered by all sides and up ratcheted, so we get this exponential up ratcheting of the game of power itself.
00:45:40
Eric Weinstein:
If it's not decisive.
00:45:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah, if it doesn't end the game, right? And, um, and that's what we see is we see an exponential increase in destructive capacity without a fundamental change in the basis of how we use it. So let's just look at information tech for a moment, and I think this is really key to the how we change civilization part. If information about reality is a source of competitive advantage, like f- from I know where the water is, and so, but we don't think there's enough for everybody, so not only do we wanna withhold that information from the other tribe, we wanna misinform them as to where it is so they don't accidentally find it.
00:46:20
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
00:46:21
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
You see in every competitive game, whether it's a poker bluff or a football game where you fake one way and go the other way, y- a incentive to disinform, right? And as we start having exponential information tech so we can intentionally disinform specific audiences in ways that are much more believable to them. So you talk about Russell Conjugation. Russell Conjugation is-
00:46:43
Eric Weinstein:
Do you wanna, it... I don't know that we've talked about it too much on this program.
00:46:47
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
You do a great job with it.
00:46:50
Eric Weinstein:
I, since you're gonna take it somewhere, why don't you, why don't you say a little bit about what it is?
00:46:54
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I can disinform without even lying.
00:46:56
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah.
00:46:56
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right? I can formally lie, but I can also just m- make someone more likely to interpret something in a particular way by couching a question or couching an idea in a way that's likely to bring a reaction. So you gave, I think, a great example of if I talk about illegal aliens, the problem of illegal aliens versus, um, the need for amnesty for migrant workers-
00:47:21
Eric Weinstein:
Undocumented workers
00:47:22
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... undocumented workers, then just the nature of the wording choice on the exact same reality evokes very different kinds of sensibilities in people. So they'll vote differently. They'll poll differently. So it's pretty easy to influence what people think and how they feel through, of course, lying, but also through not just lying, but sharing partial data so the preponderance of data gives them a sense of things that is other than it really is, and through things like Russell Conjugation, where we're really just kind of hijacking their-
00:47:53
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah
00:47:53
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... limbic system.
00:47:54
Eric Weinstein:
A very fun, [laughs] very funny one, um, is the use of the Democrat Party, where you emphasize the word rat rather than saying the Democratic Party. And so it's great fun for Republicans to say, "Yes, the Democrat Con... " You know, it's like, whoa, that doesn't sound good. Um, a- and yet it's a defensible position. What are you talking about? That's just the way I say it.
00:48:18
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
00:48:19
Eric Weinstein:
Um, okay.
00:48:20
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So plausible deniability on engaging in a kind of narrative warfare.
00:48:24
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
00:48:25
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And it's supposed to be that we're both on Team USA-
00:48:28
Eric Weinstein:
Right
00:48:28
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... working together to make the best country possible, maybe in rivalry with other countries, but hopefully even in some kind of economic trade, prosperous relationship.
00:48:37
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
00:48:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
But we're obviously not both on Team USA. We're actually engaged in really dreadful zero-sum dynamics with each other while intentionally confusing and misinforming the public and increasing animosity even towards the point of civil conflict for some game theoretic win for our team.
00:48:57
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
00:48:58
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And we see that that's not just true with Republican and Democrat, but even, like, m- Multiple intelligence agencies that should be sharing intelligence perfectly with each other, but they're actually competing for who gets a larger percentage of the black budget, so they'll withhold information and maybe even engage in internal espionage all the way. It's just like corporate politics, where people aren't really making a choice in a big corporation of what's best for the corporation as a whole. They're making choices that are best for them and their boss, their fealty relationships and, and then engaging in corporate politics that might actually be hurting the company, so long as they can have plausible deniability to get away with it.
00:49:36
Eric Weinstein:
So whenever we have perverse incentives, we're gonna have some sit- situation by which we're being incentivized by a system of selective pressures to do s- certain things that may not be in the stated interests or the, you know, whatever the directive is of our, uh, of our institution. So the dir- the dir- directive is to do the business of the country, but in fact you're loyal to the team that you're on because that's what brought you to, to this place, and were you to lose your team inside of this internal game, you couldn't really function.
00:50:09
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah, and it's actually not even the fault of some bad people. It's a fault of a system where it's like I say, "Okay, well if I don't do that, then I lose the game to the other guys that are doing that, and I actually think I'm more qualified to get that promotion than he is, so this is the compromise I have to make," which is, which is-
00:50:25
Eric Weinstein:
This is one of the-
00:50:26
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... kind of the thing we c- think of as politics, right?
00:50:28
Eric Weinstein:
My, my brother has called this, I think he did a beautiful job describing this. Um, he called this the personal responsibility vortex, where if you start behaving... I- if you listen to people who say, "Well, you know, even if you're incentivized to do the wrong thing, you should still do the right thing."
00:50:45
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
00:50:45
Eric Weinstein:
Brett's point was if that becomes self-extinguishing, then you'll simply be replaced by something less ethical than you are.
00:50:52
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
00:50:52
Eric Weinstein:
So it's actually incumbent upon you not to be so virtuous that you remove yourself from the game, leaving open a niche for some less scrupulous person to swoop in.
00:51:02
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So this is how an unethical system convinces ethical people to compromise their ethics to become a tool for the system.
00:51:11
Eric Weinstein:
Well, he's... So this is this, this big division that's coming up, which is that what we call, you know, democracy and capitalism and the Enlightenment and all of these things that we've been able to do up until this point, some people in our mutual world that might be vaguely affiliated with the human potential movement, that's the closest giant umbrella rubric that I can put over it. Some percentage of those people refer to this world that we have now as Game A, and then there's this hypothetical Game B, which might not be rivalrous and hopefully isn't self-extinguishing, and it might not be entirely market-based, or maybe the market's taken to better account of things like, uh, resource questions and negative externalities. Uh, are you, are you hopeful about Game B? Is that a, a, a good way of phrasing it? Is there a better way of talking about this?
00:52:15
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Y- yes, and to be able to define what Game B, what criteria it must have, understanding the thing that is self-extinguishing in Game A. Like, let's take a couple of the examples you just gave and go a little further, 'cause they're, they were right along the lines connected to where we were. You talk about internalizing externalities, right? So if I, if I am figuring out how to externalize some cost of the thing that I'm doing to the commons, and-
00:52:48
Eric Weinstein:
So for example, you're polluting as part of a furniture plant that employs lots of people and makes something people need.
00:52:55
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right. So there's a real cost, right? It, th- there's a cost to a whole ecosystem and to the people and to the future generations that will be affected by the pollution, but I don't pay the cost. And because I'm not paying the cost, I get to have the profit margins that I have. If I had to pay the cost, which mean I had to employ a technology that currently exists to clean all that up and whatever that costs, my business might be radically not profitable, right?
00:53:18
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
00:53:20
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Now, so, so then maybe we'll try and create a law to make it to where I can't do that pollution. But I'm not doing the pollution as a person. I have some corporation that has some liability limiting functions of any of the people within the corporation, so the corporation is breaking the law, and you can't put a corporation in jail, so there's a fine. But if the fine is less expensive than processing the waste would be, then it's just a cost of doing business. A- and then the corporation will employ lobbyists to go change the law, because laws are gonna be created by lobbyists that are paid for by somebody, and they're going to be created by politicians who have a campaign budget that is controlled by somebody. So basically, economics has perverse incentives. We try to create law to bind it, but economics is deeper in the stack of power than law is, so you end up getting this legal system that is supposed to bind the perverse economic incentive that mostly ends up legislating in, in the benefit of it.
00:54:25
Eric Weinstein:
So, but it's important-
00:54:26
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And this is a fundamental problem-
00:54:28
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah
00:54:28
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... with the liberal democracy idea.
00:54:31
Eric Weinstein:
Well, when things get really visual, things can actually change. If you start being able to point to, oh, I don't know, um, let's say, uh, children with malformed limbs that c- happened with thalidomide. The visual on that was enough to push that up the s- the attention stack to say, "Hey, we, we, we got a serious problem here, and we've got to talk about th- this right now because the, the externality of this pharmaceutical, uh, is, is horrific." Um, do you have anything better than waiting for absolutely horrendous things with the, with visuals that, that hit home?
00:55:14
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah So you know, it's funny, right? Like we see ads from the fifties where better living through chemistry and people are spraying DDT on the kids to keep the mosquitoes off, and then we recognize how lethal the DDT is. So then we sell it to Mexico that doesn't have the law, and then we buy the produce back from Mexico. But then we come up with some new chemical that we say is less toxic just because the long-term studies on its toxicity haven't come out yet. And, um, mostly they don't look as visible as thalidomide. And-
00:55:47
Eric Weinstein:
This is the thing we-- Sometimes I say this as, um, we keep searching for our own blind spot so that we can do business there, right? And so w-what it is that we can't measure very often becomes a place to do business because almost everything produces negative externalities, and so it has to be disguised.
00:56:10
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Now, this is a concept I wanted to bring up in terms of what you were saying about your brother. And so there's this idea of a multipolar trap, which is some scenario where some agent in the system, whether the agent is a person or a nation or a tribe or a corporation, does something that is really bad for the whole over the long term.
00:56:34
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
00:56:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
But it's actually really advantageous to them over the near term. And if they do that, they will get so far ahead of and use that power against everybody else that now everybody else has to race to do that thing, and you get a race to the cliff. So an arms race is a classic example, right? We really don't want a world with AI weapons. It's a much less good world with AI weapons. But we would have to ensure that nobody makes them. We'd have to make an agreement where if anyone doesn't join the agreement and says, "No, we're going to make the AI weapon," then everybody has to not only make them, but also make the countermeasures and race to make them faster.
00:57:06
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
00:57:07
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And even if we make the agreement, we're pretty sure the other guy is secretly defecting on the agreement in the basement. So we make the agreement while secretly defecting on it in the basement while spying on them and trying to confuse their spies. And it's like, how the fuck do we get out of that? And the same is true of the tragedy of the commons. If I figure out how to externalize some of my cost and so my margins go up, all of my competitors have to figure out how to externalize some cost, or we have to try and figure out how to make some law to bind it. But it's very hard to make laws to bind these things. And so the same is true with ethical issues, right? If I am perfectly ethical, I'm going to lose in politics because I won't be able to get anybody to support me, whatever. So I make certain kinds of compromises. And so one thing I would look at is if we want to look at catastrophic risk writ large, we can look at multipolar traps drive-- as a general game theoretic phenomena, driving lots of different ways that catastrophic risk can happen.
00:58:08
Eric Weinstein:
So in other words-
00:58:08
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So one thing game B has to do is solve multipolar traps.
00:58:12
Eric Weinstein:
So in other words, look at the universal class of such things rather than beget-- than getting bewitched by any particular instance.
00:58:20
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Correct.
00:58:21
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
00:58:21
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
We have to solve for the class of multipolar traps writ large, because it's not just we don't want an arms race on AI weapons.
00:58:27
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
00:58:27
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
We also don't want an arms race on bioweapons or nanotech weapons or-
00:58:30
Eric Weinstein:
I think it's well phrased. Does it buy us anything?
00:58:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Does it buy us anything? [chuckles]
00:58:35
Eric Weinstein:
No, sorry. I want to be clear. Not bias, B-I-A-S, but buy, B-U-Y-
00:58:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
00:58:40
Eric Weinstein:
... us.
00:58:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Does it buy us anything in the sense of does that avoid catastrophic risk by itself or can we actually do it?
00:58:45
Eric Weinstein:
No, no. Formulating, deciding to work over the class-
00:58:48
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
00:58:49
Eric Weinstein:
... of really dangerous, to use your language, multipolar traps, does that actually point us to some game theoretic thing that all, all of our friends who did the game theory of the Cold War might have missed?
00:59:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, yes.
00:59:09
Eric Weinstein:
I'm not aware of any major game theoretic advance in what you're calling multipolar traps.
00:59:16
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It's not a major game theoretic advance. What we're saying is that we ha-- that that phenomena creates a lot of different race to the bottom type scenarios, but with exponentially more power, the race to the bottoms are much deeper bottoms. So in the past, we've had boom and bust cycles associated with those.
00:59:36
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
00:59:36
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right? And so everybody starts doing the pollution thing until you get a, a bust that's associated, which creates some new market advantage to clean the pollution up at a certain point because people are willing to pay for that. And so you'll get these kind of boom and bust cycles. That's kind of the best that a market can give you with regard to multipolar traps. But the level of bust that we get with exponential technologies and this many people basically is unviable. And so we've never figured out how to solve for that class, and I'm saying that that's one of the things. You're asking is there a game B that I believe in. It would have to solve for a number of things. It would have to actually remove rivalrous dynamics, which is-- which would solve for multipolar traps, because multipolar traps are a situation where the well-being of each agent can be optimized independently of and even at the expense of the other agents in the commons. As long as that's the case, we have an incentive to do fucked up stuff with increasing power. That is one way of thinking about an underlying generator of all the catastrophic risks we face.
01:00:42
Eric Weinstein:
Well, let's assume that I buy in, because quite honestly, this has been, always been my problem with game B, is that I look at the, I look at the game theory and I look at our, our history in terms of what has brought us to this, this point, and I would say that if you believe any version of the theory of natural and sexual selection, you'd have to say that we are the product of an arms race. And the idea that we would be wise enough to stop the arms race when I, I can hear in my mind's ear all these people saying, "Wow, Chicken Little is at it again. Everything's great." We, you know, Steven Pinker tells us that we, we're in a much more peaceful world. Uh, we won the Cold War. What are you guys going on about? I mean, things are a little bit screwy in politics and, and suddenly it's all gloom and doom. I, I just... I hear that voice, and then I hear this other voice, which is this optimism about maybe we could become wise. Maybe we could become [chuckles] the people wise enough to have synthetic biology and nuclear weapons and instant communication and data warfare and all these things and survive and thrive. And I don't see... Hel- help me out. Where is the hope here?
01:02:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I, I think that you and I probably don't need to talk about this much, but that, what I would call a naive techno-optimism, um-
01:02:15
Eric Weinstein:
Is bananas
01:02:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... cherry-picking data's easy from a big data set.
01:02:19
Eric Weinstein:
Well, a- a- and the great negative externality is potential violence. As long as you don't see potential violence as having increased, um... Now you m- I, I... Then you don't see the problem. One argument you could make is that sub-lethal technology, uh, has increased. Our ability to shoot beanbags at protesters means that you don't actually have to kill protesters, you know? That th- there, there are some weird arguments, but what... You, you never lost the ability to kill them. You just may have not outfitted, uh, riot police with, uh, lethal technology in their first, in the first wave of things that you send against a, an unruly crowd.
01:03:03
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And the most awesome thing, like, about the current system is we don't even have to deal with protesters with tear gas or beanbags or whatever mostly, because mostly, um, addiction and student debt and information overwhelm and those things deal with the people adequately. Um, so they, they don't actually understand enough or care enough or have the capacity to organize very meaningfully.
01:03:33
Eric Weinstein:
We just legalize weed and make porn free and everyone's demotivated.
01:03:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Those are a couple examples.
01:03:38
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
01:03:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, I think we need to talk about-
01:03:44
Eric Weinstein:
You make it sound like a good thing. Like, may- may- maybe it's keeping this-
01:03:48
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
No
01:03:48
Eric Weinstein:
... tide from going critical.
01:03:49
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
No, no, no. Um, I'm saying that every dominant system has an intrinsic propensity to s- figure out how to stay being the dominant system-
01:04:02
Eric Weinstein:
Okay
01:04:02
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... which means that it has a intrinsic propensity to get better at being able to deal with dissent. And, um, we can look at different kinds of conflict theory. You and Peter were talking about Girardian conflict. We can look at this as kind of a Marxist class-type conflict, but I think it's, it's deeper than that. The system that is self-perpetuating is inanimate.
01:04:29
Eric Weinstein:
The system which is self-perpetuating is not itself animate or sentient.
01:04:35
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
But it is autopoetic.
01:04:37
Eric Weinstein:
But it is autopoetic.
01:04:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And this is the fascinating thing to get is it's like... It, let's take, let's take Nick Bostrom's paperclip maximizer-
01:04:49
Eric Weinstein:
Mm
01:04:49
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... as an analogy. So I know you know this, but for the people who don't, um, when looking at concerning AI risk scenarios, one of them is this, you know, kind of funny idea of a paperclip maximizer. A paperclip is representative of any widget. So make an AI that basically can do two things. It can optimize the production of something, here a paperclip, and so it can use its intelligence to do that, so it can make more efficient supply chains and whatever, and it can use its intelligence to increase its own intelligence. So you'll get an, a exponential curve on intelligence, which also then means an exponential curve on its capacity to optimize whatever narrow metric it's optimizing. And so of course, after it just makes increases in efficiency, which are awesome, then it starts making so many paperclips that it needs new substrate to make paperclips out of-
01:05:37
Eric Weinstein:
Right
01:05:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and it eventually turns the whole world into paperclips because it can, it can grow its intelligence to out-compete whoever's competing for those paperclips faster than they can. That's a very short version of it. You were gonna say something.
01:05:50
Eric Weinstein:
Well, just... I guess what I find very bizarre about all of this is that I live in multiple social worlds and intellectual worlds, and in some of my worlds, this stuff strikes people as loopy. "Oh, h- here comes the stuff about the AGI. The robots are gonna kill us all." And in some other portion of my world it's like, well, clearly we're, we're on the verge of AGI, and that's going to be the existential risk. And this is in part, to go back to your original point and something that you and I share, a failure, a catastrophic failure of s- of communal sense-making, right? So what I've claimed is, is that the revolution that we're in is, is based around the idea that we don't have s- what I've called semi-reliable communal sense-making. We can't all agree now-
01:06:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
01:06:44
Eric Weinstein:
... even if it's slightly wrong or, or maybe even deeply wrong as to what it is that we're seeing, where we are in human history, what our issues are. And so the first part of this decision tree that goes really wrong is that a lot of people think that we're in great shape.
01:07:02
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay, so this is... I, I'm actually gonna come back to the paperclip maximizer 'cause it explains why we don't have communal sense-making. If instead of thinking about an artificial intelligence that can increase its capacity while optimizing something, we think of a collective intelligence that can, some way that humans are processing information together in a group- A market is a kind of collective intelligence, right? The whole idea of what the invisible hand of the market, the- the market will figure out what stuff people really want, it's expressed as demand, and then which version of the various supplies is best. The-
01:07:37
Eric Weinstein:
I wouldn't say it's a, it's an intelligence
01:07:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It's not a central intelligence, but the idea is that there is kind of an emergent intelligence
01:07:44
Eric Weinstein:
There is an emergent property of this thing. And, you know, it computes things like prices and allocations, and if that's what you mean by intelligence, then I- I'll-
01:07:56
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
That's what I mean
01:07:57
Eric Weinstein:
... call it. Okay
01:07:57
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. So it's, it is a bottom-up coordination system that does end up having new information emerge as the result of the bottom-up coordination.
01:08:08
Eric Weinstein:
Okay
01:08:10
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I can take a market as a, a- as kind of at the center. I can take capitalism at, at the center of the more general class of what I would call rivalrous dynamics as a whole, as a kind of collective intelligence.
01:08:22
Eric Weinstein:
Okay
01:08:23
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Because the thing that wins at the game of rivalry gets selected for, and so there is this kind of learning of how to get better at rivalrous games, learning across the system as a whole. Which th- which things win in war, which things keep more people believing the thing, which keep people from attriting out of the thing, like that. That make sense?
01:08:43
Eric Weinstein:
Yes
01:08:45
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And so I would say that we have... If we just take the capitalism part, capitalism is a paperclip maximizer that is converting the natural world and human resources into capital while getting better at doing so. So it goes from barter to currency to fiat currency to fractional reserve process to complex financial instruments to high-speed trading on those. Those are like the increase in its capacity to do that. But specifically, now it is a incentive for all the humans to do certain things. So if leaving the whale alive in the ocean confers no economic advantage on me, but killing it and selling it as meat is a million dollars of economic advantage, and if I don't kill it, the whale still won't be alive, 'cause somebody else is gonna kill it anyways, and then th- they might actually even use that economic power against me. Now I've got, I have an incentive system that is encouraging all the humans to behave in certain kinds of ways. And now not only do we need to kill the whales, we need to race at getting better to do it, and making better militaries and extracting all the resources. And so I see this as a kind of-
01:09:55
Eric Weinstein:
So if I'm understanding where you're headed, what you're saying is, is that the market is kind of a precursor to an AGI
01:10:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It is a collective intelligence-
01:10:08
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm
01:10:08
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... that is eventually self-terminating in the same way that a cancer is, right? The cancer cells are self-replicating, and they're growing faster than normal cells, but they end up killing the host, which kills themselves. And so the, the reason I'm bringing this up in terms of collective sense-making is, those who do the will of capitalism, like th- those who do the will of the paperclip maximizer, Molochs or on whatever kind of analogy we wanna use here, those who do well at the game of power get more power, and then they use that legislative power, media power, capital power to make systems that, to modify the systems in ways that help them more, right? Those who oppose the system of power also oppose those who are doing well at it. So even though the system is inanimate, the people who are doing well at it are inanimate. So then they take those people out, which is w- we see how Martin Luther King and Gandhi and Jesus and et cetera died, people who actually opposed the system of power.
01:11:11
Eric Weinstein:
Right
01:11:12
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And so you end up having a system that is selecting for or, or is conferring more power to those who are good at getting more power, which ends up meaning who are selecting for conferring power to sociopathy
01:11:29
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah. I, I don't find this part of the argument... Well, maybe I'm just stuck somewhere, Daniel.
01:11:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay
01:11:38
Eric Weinstein:
Let me be, be... I mean, I'm, I think I'm on your side, so I wanna help make a different part of this case.
01:11:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay. [laughs]
01:11:45
Eric Weinstein:
I think a lot of this comes down to magical thinking because of the non-use of nuclear weapons, uh, against humans since 1945. I think that one thing, i- if 9/11 had been a nuclear attack rather than a weird conventional attack, we would know where we were in human history. And by virtue of our luck and our luck alone, we are completely confused as to how perilous the present moment is, because our luck has been amazing. And if you believe-
01:12:19
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Surprising
01:12:20
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah. If you believe that somehow it can't be luck because it's this good, then you believe that there's some unknown principle keeping us safe, and it, you don't know what the name of that principle is. Maybe it's human enginu- in- ingenuity. Maybe it's, um, some sort of secret collective that keeps the world, uh, sensible. Maybe it's that markets have tied us all together. I don't know what your story is.
01:12:47
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
01:12:47
Eric Weinstein:
But whatever your story is, it's wrong. And it's, it's obviously wrong, right? The, the, the idea that we didn't have anything like 9/11 and then we had a sudden 9/11 kind of attack is itself paradigmatic, that these things with which you have no data familiarity... I mean, look, there was no suicide bombing in-
01:13:12
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
01:13:13
Eric Weinstein:
... the modern world before the 1980s
01:13:16
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I think this is the point, is that, um, it's generally more advantageous within a market to believe that markets are good and the world is healthy and things are awesome.
01:13:26
Eric Weinstein:
Right
01:13:26
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I'll usually do better in academia if I say academia's good Right? Which a point that you make. If I really criticize it heavily, I'm gonna get less tenure.
01:13:34
Eric Weinstein:
This is Peter's point more than my point.
01:13:36
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay.
01:13:36
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah.
01:13:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I will usually do better in markets if I say they're awesome and do better in a corporation if I say it's awesome. And so there is kind of an incentive for optimism about the dominant system if I want to do well in the dominant system. And if I have critiques of the dominant system, I'm usually gonna do less well in it, which means less power will get conferred to those ideas. And so there's kind of a memetic selection, right? Like, the memes that, that do well end up being the memes that propagate but do well within a current system.
01:14:07
Eric Weinstein:
Well, the... Look, this is why I've called for, uh, a return to above ground nuclear testing because my belief is, is that we... You laugh, but I'm not kidding around.
01:14:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I get it. I get it.
01:14:17
Eric Weinstein:
I mean, if we don't get our amygdalas really engaged with where we are, this magical thinking... Which by the way, I suffer from this magical thinking. I'm not... It's not something that I'm claiming everyone else has. I have the idea that nothing too bad c- can, can come, that, you know, I always ask this, this weird question, which is how many foreign nuclear devices are currently on US soil? People always think about that nukes will have to come through an ICBM. I'm not at all convinced that that would have to be true. People just don't think about these things because we've been in such a rare period of time that these things haven't... Like, everybody-
01:14:53
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
01:14:53
Eric Weinstein:
... who's talked in these terms sort of to me, like, there's a part of me that sounds like, "Okay, well, that's the kind of a conversation you have on, on a dorm, uh, floor during a bowl session." Like, g- grown-ups realize that something is keeping the world together.
01:15:11
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Which is funny, right? 'Cause it's basically saying grown-ups have bought into magical thinking.
01:15:17
Eric Weinstein:
W- exactly.
01:15:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. And so-
01:15:20
Eric Weinstein:
And by the way, a lot of the people that I think of as being the smartest, most interesting people have not bought into this magical thinking.
01:15:28
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
01:15:28
Eric Weinstein:
What has happened is, is that those people have been pushed out of the institutions that form the sort of weird conversation that I refer to as the gated institutional narrative. And the depopulation of dissenters-
01:15:42
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
01:15:42
Eric Weinstein:
... like, really serious dissenters from inside the institutional complex, um, is one of the defining features of our age to me, but something that you can't get any commentary on because the commentary you're really looking for w- is, is that conversation. So what I just try to do is to show people that no matter what you do, the gated institutional narrative cannot look at certain very basic facts.
01:16:10
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right. So you get a very dangerous kind of group think there. And even if someone disagrees with it, they have m- a lot more incentive to not publicly disagree with it within that group think scenario.
01:16:22
Eric Weinstein:
Well, to hell with those people. I mean, this is why we're, we're doing The Portal podcast, which is, um, let's be honest, this is pirate radio.
01:16:29
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:16:30
Eric Weinstein:
And I don't know why it hasn't been shut down. At the moment, the best thing that the gated institutional conversation has going for it is that all of these interesting people are simply humans, and you can destroy any human reputationally. And so the cheapest thing to do is not to kill anybody-
01:16:51
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
01:16:51
Eric Weinstein:
... but just as, as somebody starts to accumulate mind share, the gated institutional narrative goes into, into hyperdrive, and it just starts pumping out, um, fear, uncertainty, and doubt, which is the, you know, FUD is the major tool for destroying an individual's ability to communicate reality.
01:17:11
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. Something I think about is the people who went through what happened in Syria recently, or say collapse in Libya or wherever, where you had an actual pretty developed nation that didn't also expect that it was gonna go through war and collapse and then it did, I bet that if we talked to those people, they would have a very different intuition for the state of the fragility here because they actually have first person experience at something that seemed really stable and like it wasn't gonna collapse actually did. And most of us haven't actually been through anything like a collapse in our life, and we don't have a good intuition for things-
01:17:52
Eric Weinstein:
Well-
01:17:52
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... that are only in history books. And so this is a place where intuition by itself... Like, our intuition is informed by our experience, but our experience is very short.
01:18:04
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
01:18:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And if we study past civilizations, one of the things we know, and, you know, we can read Tainter and the collapse of complex societies or, you know, other kind of good insights on how civilizational collapse works, but none of the previous civilizations are still here. Like, that's, that's one of the important things to get is that they go through a life cycle and that they mostly collapse for self-induced reasons. And that even if someone else overtook them, oftentimes the group that overtook them was smaller than rivals that they had fended off previously because they had already started going through institutional collapse or civilizational collapse. And if we look across all of them, there are some things we can generalize about what leads to civilizational collapse. But I think the difference now versus any of those other times is that due to globalization, yeah, in some ways the US and China are different civilizations, but both of them would fail without each other currently. And, like, we don't make our own computational substrate. We don't make our own lots of things, right? Like, they don't do their own fundamental-
01:19:04
Eric Weinstein:
Well, but this is part of-
01:19:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... science innovation
01:19:06
Eric Weinstein:
... the hope of the... But the architects of many of these systems believed that a kind of economic mutually assured destruction-
01:19:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
01:19:17
Eric Weinstein:
... was the best way of producing-
01:19:21
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think that's been true.
01:19:23
Eric Weinstein:
Well, so I was gonna bring up the case of Europe. So one of the arguments for the European experiment is that you Europe is actually arguably the world's most dangerous region. Um, p- people are very competent, and there are longstanding rivalries and, and hatreds. Uh, and you had some desire to create something that s- seems impossible, which is a United States of Europe, and nobody was gonna sign up for that. So how, how do you do that? Well, you back, you back them into a financial union without political union. You give them their ability, the ability to issue their own debt, but not an ability to print, uh, their currencies, and then you wait for the collapse to come. Uh, and then you h- i- in this storyline anyway, you create a federation which becomes a political federation. The United States of Europe is created because of a sovereign debt crisis. And we sort of went through that, which I believe was a, was, was sort of a sought-after outcome, which is maybe hopefully people will print their own, their own debt, and, uh, they'll issue debt, and they won't be able to print their own currencies i- in order to inflate their way out of it, ergo, something positive will have to happen. That seems to me to be also a recipe for disaster, and that the architects of these plans seemingly died, and everybody's on autopilot, not understanding, you know, I've seen this in the, in, in terms of certain US policies, where people create a policy for reasons that nobody's really understanding, and a short time later, nobody even knows why the policy was created, the real reason in, to begin with. Do you see the, this kind of a world?
01:21:16
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think that's actually one of the meaningful dynamics in institutional decay and in civilizational decay is that a new civilization is formed coming out, coming out of a war or after a migration or through a famine or after, like, some really difficult thing.
01:21:31
Eric Weinstein:
Event. Yeah.
01:21:32
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And to really be able to build something new took real capacities, what you would call the, uh, contact with the unforgiving, right? Like, real empirical capacities. And so-
01:21:45
Eric Weinstein:
You have studied my lingo, sir.
01:21:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
[laughs] A bit.
01:21:48
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah.
01:21:48
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I think that's really good lingo because, like, the... I can't, I can't lie to physics and have it reward me for it, right? Like, either I can grow corn, or I can't grow corn. Either I can win at a war, or I can't, but there's a real situation. And so oftentimes when we go from non-wartime, where the generals are politicians, to wartime, where the politician generals who maybe suck at war start losing battles, and we cycle through looking for ones who are good at it, then we get some who are actually good at war. Um, those difficult situations select for real empirical capacity. But when you don't have those difficult s- situations, then you're actually selecting for who can do politics best, which means convince everyone of something whether it's true or not.
01:22:31
Eric Weinstein:
Well, this is what I call sharp minds versus sharp elbows.
01:22:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. And so you have the people who are at the beginning of figuring out how to do some new civilization, and those people had some capacity to be in direct contact with reality and figure stuff out. And then oftentimes what they pass on is the stuff they figured out, but not the psychology in them and the capacities to figure stuff out.
01:22:57
Eric Weinstein:
Hmm.
01:22:57
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So the generator function of the civilizational model's lost. And so now we start getting copying errors, and people are hopefully trying to at least copy it earnestly. So now we've got a constitution or a set of law or a set of market practices or whatever it is, but we don't really understand how we generated that effective thing. And so that also means that as the environment changes, we won't be able to adapt it adequately. And that also means that we're not gonna know how to deal with failures of it. So then some people recognizing that start realizing that they can do better by defecting on the system and kind of preying on it than by participating with the system. And so, and this is what we think of as corruption, right? Where they can, uh, start maximizing their own bonus structure or do a back-end deal or whatever, and so long as it's adequately hidden, they can get away with it. And now that collapses the civilization even further. So it goes from loss of generator function to copying errors to incentive for internal defection and disinformation. And, you know, w- I, like, I think that every civilization has faced this, a loss of intergenerational knowledge transfer.
01:24:08
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
01:24:08
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
'Cause it's not just the knowledge. It's the generator function of how to figure it out.
01:24:10
Eric Weinstein:
Well, but it's also the case that, um, real knowledge, I think, has become too dangerous to transmit. And real knowledge doesn't know what, uh, social norms are. And, you know, certainly the biological world is so disturbing. I mean, there's no corner of the biological world [laughs] that you can look at where, and not come away thinking, "Wow, that's incredibly disturbing."
01:24:43
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
[laughs]
01:24:44
Eric Weinstein:
And what we're seeing right now, a situation in which we can't cope with any discussion of biology. Every single attempt to have a real biological discussion, uh, given all of the social issues that it, it would bring up, immediately ends in madness. I, I've just seen no ability to talk real biology in public. And so this is the earliest place where I can see, here's a subject of science that actually can't be discussed. I don't have anything in particular in mind. There's just, you know, like, you know, Bob Trivers' work on parent-child conflict. If we have a beautiful story about how mothers would do anything for their children, and somebody comes along and says, "No, it's actually a struggle where mothers wanna hold onto their resources because they're gonna have many children, and the child attempts, uh, to gain as much resource as possible without regard for the mother," that's so against the Hallmark card version of motherhood for Mother's Day that we can't have a discussion about parent-child conflict in biology. It's not, that one isn't about gender. It's not about race. It's not about, you know, power dynamics. It's about It just immediately runs into one of our cherished nonsensical points of view
01:25:55
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Or that the market is self-correcting.
01:25:56
Eric Weinstein:
The market is always self-correcting and knows best, that the leading, um, thinkers are all sitting in institutional chairs, uh-
01:26:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
That every previous civilization was, uh, the Hobbesian bias, brutish, nasty, short, dreadful lives, and that everything is awesome just in the last little bit because of this system. So don't criticize the system too much.
01:26:16
Eric Weinstein:
E- exactly. So this is the, the weird thing that I'm, I'm finding is that you can't start interesting conversations, not only about the pessimism of the impending collapse if we keep this up, but about the optimism, about, well, what might we do differently? Like, we can't get energized to actually use this period of time to do something novel and, and, and interesting and hopeful.
01:26:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay, so think about this. The, you know, the definition of infidel for kind of a jihadist ideology is anybody that's not supporting the jihadist ideology. The definition of witch to the crusaders was kind of a similar thing, right? The... I have a friend who, um, went and looked at a bunch of the intelligence agency documents in Yugoslavia and some of the Baltic nations that had been declassified after the USSR collapsed, specifically regarding how the intelligence agencies influenced the definition of psychiatry and their equivalent of the DSM. And so there was something like their definition of-
01:27:15
Eric Weinstein:
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychology-
01:27:18
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
01:27:18
Eric Weinstein:
... which tells you when somebody is-
01:27:20
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Mentally ill
01:27:20
Eric Weinstein:
... has a personality disorder or a neurosis.
01:27:23
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
You remember the previous definition of female mania during the Victorian period, right, which basically translated to she had a sex drive. And so that was like a mental illness. And, um, but, uh, so they, their definition of something that translated to schizophrenia, the first symptom was had negative feelings about the state, and the second symptoms might take a while to show up. And so what I think happens is that the dominant system ends up eating psychology-
01:27:50
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm
01:27:50
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and saying that the psychology that supports the dominant system is healthy psychology, and anything that is dissenting to it's not healthy. It ends up eating spirituality and virtue and ethics and academia and whatever to basically say the f- the behaviors that support the system are good, so the thinking that supports those behaviors is good, and anything that's dissenting is bad. And, like, it's so easy to see it in the Crusades or in jihadism or even in Victorian time period. It's just very hard for us to see it about ourselves now. But I think that's actually like one of these fundamental things in terms of you're saying like why don't we have group sense-making is because you have a s- you have a self-perpetuating system that includes the self-perpetuation of the memes that support the system.
01:28:39
Eric Weinstein:
I understa- well, look, I, I also have... I ask it not because I have no ideas why we don't have communal sense-making. Um, what I'm confused by is why we are not more successful. I mean, people in our group, and I, I mean this in a relatively large and inclusive sense because you and I come from different corners of this large collection of people. I think people are relatively well-spoken. Um, some of them have fancy degrees. Some of them have made money. Some of them, uh, have become relatively well-known for their, their thinking. And yet that institutional conversation, I, I mean, I always liken it a bit to the difference between wrestling and professional wrestling, where in the institutional conversation, you need to know what's going to happen ahead of schedule so that you can know whether you're going to have that part of the conversation or not, or whether it's gonna be that, the private conversation that we can't talk about versus the public, uh, conversation. And this concept that I've called split-level argument, other people have called Motte-and-Bailey style tactics, where you have some version of the argument that you can make in public, and then you have, uh, some other argument that you really have to... is, is governing why you're s- saying and doing what you're doing. All of these things lead to this very unhealthy situation whereby there is no communal sense-making. There i- is a gated institutional narrative. It seems to be decaying progressively year by year. Nobody's suddenly coming up to me and saying, "Wow, I think CNN and Fox are doing a great job this year." Where's the hope? Where, where does this get fun, and w- when do we get the chance to f- to find a portal to a, to a better world, a- as you see it most likely?
01:30:33
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. Well, I w- I wanna start by saying I think this is important, right? I think that you doing this i- as, as a portal to a better world where you are supporting earnest thinking that is outside of institutional context and maybe heterodox, but at least earnest and seeking to be well-grounded. Um, and the fact that people are interested in it I think is really important. When we come back to the difference between personal incentive and collective incentive-
01:31:03
Eric Weinstein:
Right
01:31:03
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... you say, "Why aren't we more successful?" Obviously, it's like, okay, so what is the incentive for someone to agree with us? Um, the, for the m- most part, expressing these things would make them do less well at politics and their job and maybe even their social club and maybe even be part of the in-group that they're a part of, whether it's the left or the right or the whatever it is, because then they would be saying things that there's almost no in-group that they would be aligned with or very, very small. And so you still end up having that there's more selective pressure for the individuals to continue to be part of institutions even, and institutional thought even if it doesn't make sense.
01:31:44
Eric Weinstein:
Here's the part that doesn't make sense to me, a- and very kind of you to say what you just said. Let's imagine that you have And perfect SAT scores. You kept your nose clean your whole life you've gone to Harvard and Yale, you've got a position where you're commenting as a professor with a column in a major publication. If that person, for example, calls me ah alt-right you know or uh, I, I don't know. I mean, like I have a Jewish last name, I voted for Bernie. There's some point where that person's self-esteem, I would imagine they would be so embarrassed to put their life's accomplishments at risk by just being obviously, stupidly wrong. [sighs] Like th- it just, there, there seems to be no bottom at the moment.
01:32:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay, so this is-
01:32:45
Eric Weinstein:
To-
01:32:45
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
This is important about obviously, stupidly wrong.
01:32:50
Eric Weinstein:
I understand obviously, stupidly wrong when your ability to demonstrate your power is to go out in the public square and say the dumbest, most ridiculous, most obviously incorrect thing you can think of and nobody says a word.
01:33:06
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. Well, one of the things I find interesting is, you know, if we ask a question like even what's actually causing coral die-off, how much of it is temperature versus pH versus nitrogen messing up the phosphorus cycle versus trophic cascades-
01:33:23
Eric Weinstein:
Right
01:33:24
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... how long do we have before the coral die-off? What are the consequences of that? You know, like, really important questions.
01:33:31
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
01:33:32
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Or what are the actual... What really happened in North Korea? Like, why there was such a change just recently, and what are the actual tactical nuclear capabilities that they have? Or, or how much leakage actually occurred at Fukushima, or, like, any of these things. Nobody fucking knows, and you'll hear different narratives, and you'll hear kind of equally compelling disagreeable narratives on those.
01:33:54
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah.
01:33:54
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And almost no one has the time or the will or the epistemic capacity to really figure that out. So one point is the sense-making is actually hard. You have a situation in which a lot of these things are complex enough, and there's so much disinformation that when people try to actually figure it out, they just get a, they get a information overwhelm, and then it's very hard for them to continue. So when you're saying, like, obviously stupid, well, there aren't... There's a lot of places where people can hold a train of thought that seems cogent enough, even if it's in direct opposition with another cogent train of thought. And, like, just the plausible deniability that it might be one of the true ones since nobody can really sense-make seems to be enough. And so this is one of the really tricky things is in a world where if I have the incentive to disinform-
01:34:50
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah
01:34:50
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... at various different levels-
01:34:52
Eric Weinstein:
Right
01:34:52
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and then I have exponential information tech, so I can do exponential disinformation. Now, this is... When I say that the system's inanimate, I, I need to give this example. Everybody who's seen Tristan Harris's stuff will know this, but if we think about disinformation via the nature-
01:35:07
Eric Weinstein:
Tristan Harris is a mutual colleague. He heads a movement called Time Well Spent, and he's trying to show you that y- your attention has been effectively weaponized against you, where the big tech platforms are figuring out how to keep your eyeballs on their system-
01:35:25
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
01:35:25
Eric Weinstein:
... to your detriment.
01:35:26
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right. Center for Humane Technology, you can see his stuff. But, like, I think, I think a lot of people know that news stations as for-profit companies have to make money.
01:35:38
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
01:35:39
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And they make money by monetizing attention, and basically they, they sell advertising. And the advertisers pay more the more people who are watching for more total minutes. So the incentive of the news station is to make stuff that is both inflaming and scary and entertaining and whatever will engage people to spend a lot of time watching it, and to not say things it would not be to the advantage of the advertisers that can afford to pay for them, right? So they have, like, they have an incentive to not share really complex, nuanced things that will have most people click off, but to share things if I see-
01:36:16
Eric Weinstein:
I don't buy this, Daniel. I really don't.
01:36:18
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay.
01:36:18
Eric Weinstein:
Let me, let me give you an argument. One of the things that I say that I think people find interesting is is that I believe the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation, uh, effectively conspired against American scientists and engineers on behalf of scientific and engineering employers. That's a fascinating story. I shout it in the public square now. You know, I've been asked four times to the National Academy of Sciences to discuss this, so they are certainly taking this quite seriously. I've talked to the actual people who are involved with this. It is amazingly interesting. You could sell clicks. You, you, you could, you could just s- get advertisers to buy for the clicks on this story. Nobody's gonna run the story. Nobody has run the story in, I don't know, more than 20 years. It's sitting there on servers. I don't believe that this is all being driven by profit. I believe that there is some force that we don't understand that keeps the gated institutional narrative gated.
01:37:21
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yes. I think profit is one part of it, and that's why I say we have to think of profit as one aspect of kind of power or rivalrous dynamic more largely because it's, I think, government or academia or religious or cultural groups or profit can all influence the nature of narrative and information.
01:37:44
Eric Weinstein:
I think there's an economy of shame and terror.
01:37:48
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Say more about that.
01:37:49
Eric Weinstein:
I believe that the real reason that this works the way it does is we have not even gotten to a very basic point where it is considered Acceptable to say I want immigration restricted. Now, I point this out because I think it's very funny. Most people who want immigration restricted enjoy food from other cultures. They en- they have friends who come from other places. They enjoy travel.
01:38:21
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:38:21
Eric Weinstein:
There's nothing xenophobic about them. In general, they are xenophilic.
01:38:25
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:38:26
Eric Weinstein:
And the idea that you can be both xenophilic, fascinated and interested in the world's cultures, and want immigration to your country restricted, and that this is the generic position, that the average person holds this position, is a story that appears nowhere. So nobody has an idea that xenophilic restrictionists might be a plurality or a majority in the country because there is a rule that says anyone who calls for restriction of immigration must be tarred as a xenophobe.
01:39:00
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
01:39:00
Eric Weinstein:
And I think it's time to double dog dare the people who are keeping this level of discipline and say, "Why cannot... Why is it an impossible to be a xenophilic restrictionist?" What I think is, is that the economy of shame is such that whoever acts first to make this point is in such danger for their livelihood, their reputation, that they are going to be tarred and feathered. And one of, one of the things that I'm trying to show people is is that you can, you can make these points. Now, I can't do this on CNN, but I can do this on pirate radio. This is basically audio samizdat. It- to take the, the Russian underground mimeograph, um, movement, uh, as a, as a template. We can say things here, but there's only a matter of time before this starts to become problematic to the institutional structure, and it responds by debiting my account. "Oh, well, that, that's that alt-right guy."
01:40:09
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:40:09
Eric Weinstein:
"You know, he seems disgruntled," or, you know, "He seems, uh, gloomy and out of touch." And then the fear, uncertainty, and doubt campaign starts, and that's what is actually keeping everybody in line. It's not that there isn't money to be made. There's tons of money to be made. What- what's happened is, is that it's been too easy to pick off the, uh, initial adopters.
01:40:33
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I agree, and I'm curious what your explanation of how that phenomena emerged.
01:40:40
Eric Weinstein:
Oh, that's a really g- So, um, let's really get into it. We did have a, uh, dissension suppression, um, unit inside of the FBI, uh, which was called COINTELPRO. And it tried to induce Martin Luther King, uh, Jr. to suicide through a letter from Sullivan, who was, I think, number one or number two, maybe under Hoover. This thing lived inside of the FBI. Um, it probably tried to tell John Lennon that he was tr- uh, traitorous. It tried to, uh, humiliate Jean Seberg, who was a Black Panther supporter, uh, by planting false information inside of mainstream media, Newsweek and the Los Angeles Times. It tried to, uh, get La Cosa Nostra to kill Dick Gregory, the famous comedian and Black civil rights leader. So we did have a dirty tricks unit inside of the United States that needs to be known broadly, um, which was pretty thoroughly investigated in the mid-1970s. And once we saw that we were engaged in these dirty tricks against our own people, um, we were kind of shocked and flipped out, and the economy wasn't in great shape. And then Ronald Reagan came riding in, and I think he pardoned Mark Felt, uh, who'd been the head of COINTELPRO after Hoover, but he was also Deep Throat. And so you had this very strange situation that we got this reboot during the Reagan years where we went back to some sort of more traditional, more patriotic imagined version of our country. And my belief is that in part, when Bill Clinton decided that he, he couldn't take yet another loss to the Republican Party and he was gonna start experimenting with Republicanism inside of the Democratic Party. By that point, we had two parties that more or less were two flavors of the same thing. I, I refer to th- that collective as the looting party. And the looting party, the neoliberals, the neoconservatives, sort of intergenerational warfare, um, within the country, in the US, and my take on it is that the common ideology is that profit had to be found abroad, and so you had to loosen the bonds to your fellow citizens. Um, and that's where all of this kind of the market always knows best, we need to o- offshore and downsize and securitize, what I've called the new gimmick economy. So that right now we're waking up from the new gimmick economy, and having never lived, uh, in anything really authentic, unless we're quite old. So my belief is, is that during that period of time, there was very swift, uh, retribution for anyone who dissented. Uh, famously, um, a prominent trade theorist who was talking about the benefits of restriction, um, of trade restrictions for infant industries, let's say, apparently got a call from one of the people high up in the field saying, "Oh, you seem to be a very bright young man. It would be a shame if anything happened to your career." And so this kind of- Um, idea suppression is the, the hallmark, um, well, it is what I think th- these two generations, the baby boomers and the silent generation, may become best known for, uh, in the future. That this was a period in which new corrective ideas had to be suppressed because of the fragility of the system. We saw the fragility break out in 2008. We saw how vulnerable we were in 2001. Um, and we see that the, the, the whole s- sense-making, uh, apparatus is breaking down from the Trump election. So these have been the three moments when the gated institutional narrative has broken because it just got overwhelmed by events. But other than that, the key was making sure that people like you or like me or like Peter are not mainstream. The cost of listening to us has to be driven to astronomical levels. Uh, so we have to s- we have to look wild-eyed, we have to, um... You know, they can't call me uneducated if I have a Harvard PhD, which is one of the funny parts of the system. Um, but the idea is that you have to say, "Well, you know, maybe he used to, to be smart, but he's gone fringe." So the, the social cost of exploring-
01:45:31
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It's am- it's amazing how effective such small amounts of that can be.
01:45:35
Eric Weinstein:
Well, it's also just funny.
01:45:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:45:37
Eric Weinstein:
I mean, it just... There are so many hours of audio of, of us, and I was just astounded, for example, with the number of people who would try to portray, let's say, my brother as right-wing. I mean, from my perspective, can you imagine making that decision that you have a guy as far left as Bret, and you're gonna spend your credibility pretending that he's, like, allied with the Nazis? I, I just don't... I, I... It doesn't even make sense to me because it's, it's simply, to me, a way to incinerate your credibility. And yet, the way the system works is you incinerate people's viability. It's economic warfare that if your reputation is damaged, you, you can't be trusted, you know? Y- and, and that's how, that's how this, this enforcement has worked. So you asked me the question, how does it work to keep this in line? It's too trivially easy to destroy individuals.
01:46:39
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Mm-hmm.
01:46:39
Eric Weinstein:
And my question has always been, um, is there a program which I have tentatively called No Living Heroes? I don't know if you've heard this riff before.
01:46:49
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Mm-mm.
01:46:51
Eric Weinstein:
Charles Lindbergh, who was not a great human being, almost kept the US out of World War II. He, he, he said, "Why is this, why is this America's problem?" And if you think about it, he had self-minted credibility in that he got into a plane and he flew it over an ocean solo and became a hero, and that level of visibility allowed him to compete with the state. Okay, I think that there was a program after Lindbergh that said individuals should not be able to amass sufficient mind share to affect the course of government policy.
01:47:35
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:47:35
Eric Weinstein:
And this is a question in my mind. Is there a program that got started that said, "We're gonna wait and see if anything starts to bubble up that seems to have integrity, seems to have mind share, and seems to be opposed to our policies. And if and when we find such a thing, it has to be redirected, co-opted, destroyed reputationally, or m- made ineffectual"? And the, the phrase that I really appreciated that was used a- about, uh, Jean Seberg, who was, you know, one of Hollywood's, uh, great leading ladies of the time, was, "We have to cheapen her image."
01:48:10
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:48:10
Eric Weinstein:
This is the federal government talking about cheapening the image of a Hollywood star because she was interested in, in radical Black politics. Sorry if that was a little bit-
01:48:23
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It kind of re- no, it kind of reminds me when you were saying if when we look at biology it's disturbing. When we look at history too, and we realize that those people that did the Crusades were genetically identical to us-
01:48:34
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm
01:48:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and we think about the kind of civilized way that we want to think of ourselves, that we wouldn't do something like have a government try and discredit someone, but then we look at just how we have behaved as people throughout most of history, and it's been, like, it's been pretty draconian through most of it. And I think we're at a time where having it more hidden has been useful, but that doesn't mean that it hasn't still been happening.
01:49:04
Eric Weinstein:
What's very interesting to me is we go from... W- we have these two phases. The first phase is like, "You think people are still doing that? You have an overactive imagination." Then when it's discovered, they say, "What, you think that governments don't do this? They've always done this." And, and I've always watched as people, um, get their cognitive dissonance to zero using two totally different, um, mental strategies. Do you find this?
01:49:30
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. Of course.
01:49:31
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah. All right, Daniel. Assuming that we are in some sense breaking out of this narrative that's been imposed institutionally and you're starting to be able to hear new voices, is there an opportunity in some way to start hacking our way into a less rivalrous... Well, let me try that again. I'll start from the beginning 'cause I had a little bit of gas. I also had a little bit of gas. [laughs] All right, Daniel. So- If we agree that there's something a little bit bizarre about the extent to which there's been discipline in this gated institutional narrative and it's been hard to get kind of a different message out, uh, to people that they need to start exploring new systems of organization, maybe beyond market democracy, who knows what. What are the most hopeful systems that we currently have to use, they, they can be used to build even better systems? And how do we get that message out? Where do you see the hope in trying to confront the real problems we face, uh, to find an exit into our n- our next stage of human development?
01:50:55
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So we've been talking about where there is incentive for disinformation or information suppression or narrative suppression. The, the last chunk of things you were sharing, um, regarding shame was kind of a, a narrative warfare tool, is a, a way I think of it. And say there was a group that seemed like it didn't have power of one kind, then it tries to find power of some other kind. So reconfiguring in-groups competing with whatever tools they can against out-groups. But [clears throat] imagine if we could create a situation where there was no incentive for disinformation. I'll talk about in a moment how I think we could do that. And not just no incentive for disinformation, but also no incentive for information withholding. And something pretty unique about humans is how good we are at being able to add intention to signal. Lie, but all the subtle versions, right? Which is most of the signal that is coming to me is just bouncing off of stuff and reflecting and doesn't have that much disinformation in it. And obviously animals have camoufl- camouflage and strategies like that. But every time we're communicating, we are usually communicating towards some intention that we have. And so I want you to think certain things where you thinking those things I think will advantage me, but then to the extent that you take what I'm saying as adequately informing you, like accurately informing you about reality, it might not be, right? Like, there's a discrepancy between why I'm communicating to you and what would be maximum benefit to you. So, and even if we're not doing spin and Russell conjugation disinformation, even if it's just IP and trade secrets and information withholding, this lowers our coordination capacity to do interesting things tremendously. And then there's so much coordination cost that goes into the competition. So we say, well, let's imagine. And we c- I think we can say a- up to a tribal scale, people did, could do, I'm not saying they always did, I don't wanna be romantic. People could do a better job of accurate information sharing 'cause there was less incentive to disinform each other inside of a tribe 'cause it would probably get found out, and we actually depended on each other pretty significantly. But the Dunbar limit seems to be a pretty hard limit on that kind of information sharing.
01:53:20
Eric Weinstein:
So you mean this supposed Dunbar number that is the limit of our ancestral mind or group to track the number of interactions we have.
01:53:32
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:53:32
Eric Weinstein:
So maybe, maybe I can keep track of 200 or 300 people.
01:53:36
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
01:53:36
Eric Weinstein:
But not much more.
01:53:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. Whether, whether it's 150 or 50 or 200 or whatever it is. And, you know, I think we've attributed this to different things. Why tribes never got beyond a certain scale within a certain kind of organization, and if they s- would start to, they would cleave. And then if they were gonna get larger, they had to have a different kind of organization. I think how, one thing that we commonly think about is a kind of a limit of care and tracking, right? Up to that number, up to 150 people or whatever, I can actually know everybody pretty well. They can all know me, and if I were to hurt anybody, I'm hurting the people that I've known for my whole life. So something like universal interest of that group or almost like a commun- communalist idea makes sense if there's no anonymous people and there's no very far spaces where I can externalize harm. I basically can't externalize harm in the social commons when I know everybody well. I also probably can't lie and have that be advantageous. I think there's another thing, which is there's a communication protocol that anyone who has information about something within that setting can inform a choice where that information would be relevant that the tribe would be making because they can actually communicate with everybody fairly easily. And if there's a really big choice to make, everybody can sit around a tribal circle and actually be able to say something about it. And as you get larger, you just can't do that. And I think there's a strong cleaving basis for not wanting to be part of a group that would make decisions that I'll be subjected to that I don't get any say in. Unless it's really important to do that, like we're gonna have, there's a situation where tribal warfare is starting to occur more often, and so having a larger group is really important or, you know, some- something like that, in which case the bonding energy exceeds the cleaving energy. But let's say that we could actually have a situation where we had incentive to share, to not disinform, and to share accurate information with each other, and that could scale beyond a Dunbar size. I th-- So now we have something where we don't have fractal disinformation inside of a company. We don't have people competing for cancer cures that aren't sharing information with each other. I think that system would out-compete all the systems that we've had in terms of innovation and in terms of resource utilization, resource per capita utilization, so much that if we could do such a thing, it'd become the new attractive basin to which civilizations would wanna flow. And I think the limit of Dunbar dynamics were communication protocols. And I think we do have technological capacity, and I mean both social technologies and physical technologies, to develop systems. And, and so like this is kind of at the heart of it, to develop systems where there was more incentive to share honest information. And obviously this is a example of anti-rivalrous where I had my well-being and your well-being and the well-being of the commons more tightly coupled to each other. Yeah, that's the first part of it.
01:56:52
Eric Weinstein:
Okay. So try to figure out how to get very large scale, um, human collectives to behave like small scale human collectives.
01:57:06
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, let's... Yeah. If we think about two groups of people-
01:57:09
Eric Weinstein:
That, that sounds to me like TripAdvisor, where I, I travel to some country I'm, I've never been to and I'm never going back again, and there's some sort of reputational cost that a hotel would have had if it had gamed their guests. So it becomes a bad idea to game your guests because you have a fractional relationship with the world in some sense, where somebody has left a review that says be, you know, "Be careful, they try to upsell you, uh, on the Wi-Fi, and it's a scam, and here's how to look out for it." And suddenly you have got a problem if you're a dishonest actor because there is this sort of reputational, uh, game that is technologically enabled.
01:57:56
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah, so I think this is why people like blockchain is the idea of an uncorruptible ledger, is that, um, disinformation and information withholding where it would be really benefit, beneficial to the public and any kind of bad acting does less well with good accounting systems. I have to be able to kind of corrupt the accounting in some way to be able to have it be advantageous. And so can we make, uh, can we make systems that make the accounting much better is part of it. But it's not the whole basis because then, of course, you still have incentive to figure out how to game the game, whatever it is-
01:58:29
Eric Weinstein:
Right
01:58:29
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... as long as we still have separate interests. And the separate interest, which is that any in-group can advantage itself at the expense of an out-group or any individual can ex- advantage itself at the expense of other individuals, which is grounded all the way down to like a private balance sheet, I do think is an inexorable basis of rivalry. And I do think that rivalry in a world of exponential tech does self-terminate. And given that I don't think we can stop the progress of tech, I do think we have to f- create fundamentally anti-rivalrous systems, and I don't think you can do that with capitalism or that, or private property ownership as the primary basis to how we get access to things. I don't think you can do it with communism or socialism or any of the other systems we've had. But I don't think that if we look at how the coordination system of cells or organs inside of a body works, I don't think it's capitalist or communist. I think there's a much more complex way of sharing information and provisioning resources within the system.
01:59:30
Eric Weinstein:
You know, this is how, um, the famous anarchist Peter, Prince Peter Kropotkin got in trouble, is that I think he was like kind of an amateur na- uh, naturalist, and he would observe [chuckles] things like ant colonies and say, "Well, look, look how well the ants cooperate." And of course, he didn't know that it was a haplodiploid system where sisters are more closely related to each other than to the offspring, and you had a, you know, a, a breeding queen and then e- effectively mimicking some kind of, um, body division into soma and germ, where your somatic cells have no possibility of leaving a permanent trace of themselves but for their ability to aid your germline cells that can become a fertilized, uh, you know, egg and, and an embryo.
02:00:21
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right. Uh, I don't think there is an adequate biomimicry example.
02:00:25
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
02:00:25
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I think there's an important reason why, is I think that technology creation is something that we don't see happen in nature anywhere else, and of course, animals will use a tool. But they don't evolve better tools or de- develop better tools the way that we develop better tools. And the distinction of, um, technology creation or tool making as a process by which new stuff comes to exist as opposed to evolution as a process by which new stuff comes to exist is at the heart of a lot of the things that I think about here. Because I think it fundamentally w- changes our thinking on like social Darwinism and why markets are kind of a viable or inexorable idea, is if we think about evolution as a process by which new things come about, defined by mutation, survival selection, and then mate selection within a environmental niche, and then of course there's recursion on niche creation. In, in evolution, we see rivalry everywhere. As you were mentioning, in like biology, there's a lot of really painful things to look at. And I think we've, especially since Darwin, modeled ourselves as apex predators for a long time. And but I think, and I think that we actually even reified the theory of markets with evolutionary biology to say that demand is like a niche, and that the various versions of a product or a service are like mutations. And the company that survives because it's able to s- supply the demand well, those ideas and those technologies make it through, and then if there's a couple that are mutually good where merging would be good, so you get a merger and acquisition, that's kind of like mate dynamics, right? Like recombinant torque dynamics. And this is why competition is good and drives innovation and same as happens in nature. I think that's kind of the way that a lot of people think about markets in relationship to evolution, and I think the reason we can't think about it that way, and it also the reason why we don't see whether it's ants or whether it's cells in a body or anything w- Why we don't see examples of the kinds of coordination in nature that will apply to humans is I think that the development of technology, both language and social coordination technologies and physical technologies, but our capacity for abstraction and then things that increase our power via abstraction as opposed to their power increases via some instantiated thing like a gene is a fundamentally different process. Because in nature you will see rivalry. You'll see obviously one... If, if the lion catches the gazelle, the gazelle dies. If the gazelle gets away, the lion might die, right? And yet all lions and all gazelles are symbiotic with each other, meaning if there were no lions, the gazelles might eat themselves to extinction. If there were no gazelles, the lions might starve. So there's this process by which micro rivalry leads to macro symbiosis, and both of them evolving supports each other to evolve. As the lions get a little bit faster, they eat more of the slower gazelles. The faster ones' genes recombine, and you get faster gazelles.
02:03:40
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah, but how does... I mean, you know, mathematically, I think the Lotka-Volterra equations is this predator, so very simple predator-prey dynamics, uh, with like, let's say, two species. Uh, I understand how that can be s- stable, right? Um, I don't understand that in the presence of exponential tech. I mean, the, the-
02:04:01
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It's not.
02:04:01
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
02:04:01
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
That's the-
02:04:01
Eric Weinstein:
So the first thing that I got, trying to be concrete here, is that maybe something like the technology of reputation might allow us to leverage up small group dynamics towards large group dynamics. The idea that I don't have to know you to know something about your reputation. Um, I see some hope there, but then it's open to reputational warfare.
02:04:29
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think reputation systems will be gamed.
02:04:31
Eric Weinstein:
I agree, right? With it... Look, I, I, I'm very pessimistic-
02:04:35
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think as long-
02:04:36
Eric Weinstein:
... about game B.
02:04:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:04:38
Eric Weinstein:
Not because I don't understand our need for it, is that I can't imagine the system that gets us out of our nature. And our nature, i- you know, rivalry abounds within nature. Cooperation is found everywhere. Um, I don't see a way of getting everything [chuckles] towards universal disclosure and cooperation, but I'm, I hear you are one of the people who is the farthest along thinking about how we might pull this off.
02:05:16
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. And I know I told you earlier, I have to apologize for a strange night that had me not sleep, so operating at low capacity, so I think I'm less clear than ideal. But, um, no, I wanna say a little bit more, 'cause just saying make large groups work like small groups is like, duh, that doesn't help at all. I wanna actually [chuckles] say a little bit more about how we would do that.
02:05:38
Eric Weinstein:
Sure.
02:05:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
But specifically why the tool making thing is such a big deal and why the biomimicry examples don't work, because it specifically then plays into what does have to work. The mutation pressures that are happening in nature are relatively evenly distributed across the system.
02:05:56
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
02:05:56
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
If we think about mutation, survival selection, and then breeding selection.
02:06:00
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
02:06:01
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And so you don't get a situation where o- one species gets 1000x advantage in a single quick jump independent of all the other ones, right? The mutation is only gonna be so big, and the mutation forces that are happening on the lions are also happening on the gazelles, right? So they're all experiencing gamma rays or oxidative stress or copying errors or whatever similarly. So that's one thing, and then the other thing is that there's co-selective pressures. As, as the lion gets a little bit faster, then the gazelles end up getting faster 'cause the slower ones get eaten and the faster genes recombine. And so because of the pair-- because of the even distribution of mutation and because of the co-selective pressures, there's a certain kind of symmetry of power that happens, right? The gazelles get away as often or more often than the lions get them. And so you only get the situation where micro rivalry leads to macro symbiosis when you ha-- and also the situation of meta stability of an ecosystem when you have something like a symmetry of power within the system.
02:07:07
Eric Weinstein:
A symmetry of power.
02:07:09
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. If the lions got 1,000 times more predatory in one generation, they would end up eating all the gazelles and then going through their own collapse. The, they get, th- they get, they increase their preda- as they increase their predative capacity, the environment increases its capacity to respond to the predative capacity symmetrically. Similarly.
02:07:36
Eric Weinstein:
I mean, this works up to a point. I mean, part of the problem is, is that gazelles are not the only thing that dine on lions, uh, that, that lions dine on.
02:07:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right. Well-
02:07:46
Eric Weinstein:
And furthermore, you know, l- lions are not the only... Even, even if lions are atop some p- predator hierarchy, one lion and 20 hyenas, uh, is not a rep- re- reputation for, uh, is not a recipe for lion happiness. So you have, you have very complex dynamics with, um, with many species interacting.
02:08:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And that's what I mean. You have meta stability of the whole ecosystem, not stability, 'cause some species will die off and other species will emerge, but you have-
02:08:21
Eric Weinstein:
Okay
02:08:21
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... an increase in orderly complexity. But there is a parallelism between lion and lion, between lion and hyena, between lion and gazelle, right? And if there wasn't, you would have, you wouldn't end up having meta stability. You'd have something have a runaway dynamic that was unchecked by the dynamics of the environment. So basically the, the forces, the evolutionary forces that are happening are happening across a whole solut- the whole system and co-affecting each other. But with tool making, tool making didn't occur for us with a mutation. Tool making was us consciously understanding that this sharp rock, that maybe a chimp would experientially use a sharp rock and then use another sharp rock and realize this rock was experientially sharper, but it wouldn't understand the abstract principle of sharpness to make sharper flint things. Our capacity for abstraction leading to tool making like that made us increase our predatory capacity radically faster than the environment could become resilient to our increased predative capacity. And that was the beginning of a curve that has, you know, started to verticalize exponentially recently. But because of that tool making, we could put on clothes and go to the Arctic and become the apex predator there in a way that the lion or the cheetah couldn't leave its environment. We could, we could go become the apex predator in every environment and over-hunt the environments, and then when we would over-hunt an environment, rather than have our population come to steady state, we could go move to and start over-hunting another environment and then figure out agriculture. That's super different than every other animal. And so you don't have a situation anywhere in nature where, like, a single lion could do that much damage to its environment. But you do have a situation where a single person like a Putin or a Trump or whatever could do massive damage because of technology to the total biosphere. You don't have a situation where a single cancer cell can propagate cancer genes instantly to the whole system. It's gonna affect the cells around it which have a chance to then correct it. There's a lot of corrective mechanism. So the exponential tech increases our leverage so much that if we... That individuals and small groups have the capacity to influence the rest of the human space but also the biospace in a way that nothing else has. So there is no example anywhere in biology of a system that can, that has the kind of asymmetry relative to its whole environment that we have.
02:10:50
Eric Weinstein:
So yeah, if I understand correctly, I mean, the, the, the slight adjustment I would, I would give is, is that orcas get you part of the way there because they're a broadly distributed apex predator. They occur in southern, northern seas. They have all sorts of different strategies. Um, the thing that, that you're coupling it to, which I think is very interesting, is that nobody has seen a 10,000-fold increase in orca efficiency as a predator. So it may be a, we-
02:11:25
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
We couldn't because as they start eating too many of the fish, then they can't keep breeding.
02:11:30
Eric Weinstein:
No, no, I understood that point.
02:11:31
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:11:31
Eric Weinstein:
So my, my, my, my point is that you said you were trying to indicate that you could just keep changing your environment. Like your clothing becomes a microclimate so that you're able to become the a... The, the polar bear is no longer the apr- apex predator of the Arctic.
02:11:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
02:11:46
Eric Weinstein:
And you could make the argument that the orca is not the apex predator of the seas because we're in the seas. I-
02:11:53
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I think the example there is just think of an ocean trawler with a mile-long drift net-
02:11:58
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah
02:11:58
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and the number of fish it pulls up compared to an orca, and you realize that we can't model ourselves as apex predators that are competing with others to see who's maximally dominant with that much power without either destroying everything.
02:12:09
Eric Weinstein:
No, no, I think this is a very interesting point, and I think, um, the idea that we are without precedent, uh, many of us accept, um, we don't know of any other species that has language ability to coordinate the way we do, although certain social species from African dogs to orcas to what have you, you know, are pretty impressive in their ability to coordinate in one form or another. So what I hear you as saying is that tool use and the extended phenotype, if you will, um, to use Richard Darwin's concept, like for example, these microphones are part of our extended phenotype because they are tools that allow us to do something.
02:12:49
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:12:49
Eric Weinstein:
Um, okay. That changes the picture.
02:12:53
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And it also ends up introducing both a fundamental thing about the problem and the solution, I'd recommend.
02:12:59
Eric Weinstein:
Tell me about the solution.
02:13:01
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay.
02:13:01
Eric Weinstein:
And then tell me about the problem. I, I wanna have... Well, which order would be better logically? I just, I would love to get to the positive, uplifting part [laughs] of the story.
02:13:10
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. So, [sighs] so we can say that what's particularly, a primary thing that's particularly unique adaptively about Homo sapiens-
02:13:23
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah
02:13:24
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... is our capacity for techne, right? Our capacity for tool, and that's social tools like language and democracy and, but also physical tools. And they are all abstract pattern replicators rather than instantiated pattern replicators, right? So memes rather than genes. So you could say that what humans selected for, our genetics selected for memetics, our genetics selected for radical neuroplasticity and the capacity to have much more significant software upgrades that could change our capacity without needing hardware upgrades. And so, and I would argue that this is partly why we have such a long period of neoteny, right? Why we have such a long period of being totally helpless on the outside is because-
02:14:11
Eric Weinstein:
By the way, I'm gonna give up, um, on trying to get you to redefine the words that are gonna cause people to have to go to their dictionaries. I think one of the, one of the things that I've said about this, this podcast is that, um, we, we may mi- misspeak, we may use language improperly, but we should at least play with it and invite people to look things up on their own.
02:14:32
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Hey, I only was doing that because I listened to the half-hour thing that you said-
02:14:36
Eric Weinstein:
Oh
02:14:36
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... that said you're gonna let people go look at their dictionary.
02:14:38
Eric Weinstein:
Yep. So I'm breaking my own rule. You're, you're, you're playing me against me. I love it. All right.
02:14:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So-
02:14:44
Eric Weinstein:
We have an extended period of neoteny. Go on
02:14:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. So we're embryonic on the outside, meaning we're helpless for a super long time compared to anything. And obviously there are some animals like birds that are more helpless than other ones for longer periods, but nothing like us. But we don't... If we came hardwired how to be fit to our environment, that wouldn't make any sense because we change our environment so fast. Most creatures emerged, evolved to fit an environmental niche. But as niche creators, as significant as we are, both because we moved places, then, you know, like this is not an evolved environment and it's not that adaptive for me to throw spears, but I do need to be good at texting. So we had to come to be able to learn language, whether, whether I'm learning English or Mandarin, whether I'm learning spear throwing or texting or whatever. And so what I would say is that essential to human nature is the depth of nurture capacity relative to other species. And so when I look at the thing we call human nature, I look at how much I think the social sciences don't factor that there is ubiquitous conditioning that we're doing the social science within that is ubiquitous conditioning, and there are outliers that are actually relevant that aren't just genetic.
02:15:57
Eric Weinstein:
All right. So if I understand you correctly, and now we're gonna just totally geek out, we are the most K selective of species. That is, that we put the largest investment into our young. Um, we delay reproductive maturity for 12 or 13-
02:16:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Many years
02:16:13
Eric Weinstein:
... times around the sun. Seems crazy. Um, and therefore, your point is we have got an unparalleled opportunity for teaching, for adaptation because we, unlike the wildebeest who has to be more or less ready, good to go, uh, almost from the moment of birth-
02:16:29
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
In minutes, yeah
02:16:30
Eric Weinstein:
... right? The idea is that we are in the luxurious position of having a long period of development and knowledge transfer because we are more about the extended phenotype. I mean, look at this anthill.
02:16:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:16:44
Eric Weinstein:
It's pretty amazing.
02:16:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. So what that tells me is I look at some outliers on both sides of the bell curve of various dimensions of the human condition, and let's say we take Buddhism, for instance. We have something like three millennia of 10 million fluxing, give or take, people who mostly don't hurt bugs across different bio regions and across different languages, and that's really significant when we think about the inexorability of violence in humans. And then we look at, say, the Janjaweed or some group of child soldiers where by the time someone's a teenager, they've all hacked people apart with machetes. I think that the human condition can do both of those. Human nature can be conditioned to do both of those. But then I see that we have a system where in general, the... As soon as a tribe figured out... As soon as a couple tribes were competing for resources, it was generally easier to move than it was to war, until we had moved everywhere, in which case it was, it started making sense to war. And then as soon as any tribe militarizes, every other tribe has to militarize or they lose by default, and the game of power has begun in, in earnest in that way, the human on human game. And I think we've seen that the peaceful cultures largely got killed by the warring cultures, and the warring cultures learned from each other how to be more successful at it. And so the thing that we have now is something that has emerged through iterations on power dynamics, and it's conditioning everyone within it, and then we do all of our social studies within that and then say, "This is human nature."
02:18:31
Eric Weinstein:
Well, so this is a very weird place to get brought back to because I'm, I'm on the escape branch of our decision tree, and what you're talking about is possible when you can do better by investing in peaceful and, um, kind alternatives. I don't know what to, what to call it exactly, but non-violent alternatives. And as soon as things become kind of steady state zero sum, you start eyeing other people as protein sources because that's the way to grow a slice. And I don't know how you get out of this in a finite world. So maybe the idea is that you're, you have a concept of escape-
02:19:21
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
02:19:22
Eric Weinstein:
... that isn't physical escape.
02:19:24
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think Malthus was right at the time but wrong fundamentally-
02:19:31
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm
02:19:31
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... where he said resources are reproducing geometrically, or humans are reproducing geometrically, resources arithmetically, so there's either not enough or there's not gonna be enough at a certain point. Well, he hadn't got to the point that some cultures went into negative population amounts and lower birth rates without an imposition. It's not just China's, you know, one child imposition that did that, but we've seen, um, birth rates low enough in some of the Nordic countries and in Japan, and he, he hadn't got to the point of seeing the phenomena that bring that about or the ability to recycle effectively, and which means not a linear materials economy.
02:20:08
Eric Weinstein:
Okay. So I'm starting to s... I'm starting to guess where you're gonna go. So if I, if I understand you correctly, the idea is that you're going to look at all of the places we've been a little bit sloppy, like recycling wasn't a place that we put too much attention, and increasingly as we understand that stuff is limited, we, we have more of a reason to be careful about our land use, uh, rare, rare resources. I think I get that part of it. Then you have another idea here about, um, development is kind of unused, and we could do something far greater And then you just had another one that's slipping my brain, um-
02:20:52
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Population
02:20:53
Eric Weinstein:
Oh, that f- we would start to see, uh, fertility below replacement rates so that you would actually go into population decline as a means of taking pressure off of the system.
02:21:04
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah, so I see the possibility for a steady state population that is within the carrying capacity of a closed loop materials economy but that is fueled by renewable energy. So you basically have a finite amount of atoms, so you circle the atoms. You don't have a finite amount of energy because you're getting more energy every day, but you have a finite amount per day, and so you have to be able to cycle the atoms within the energy bandwidth, and you're cycling it from one bit pattern into another bit pattern, right? Like from one form into another form, and the forms are stored as bits. So you have atoms, energy, and bits, and you don't really have a limited number of the bits that you can have. And so we can have a economy where it's getting continuously better, but not by getting bigger, but by getting better. We continuously make more and more interesting things with the same fundamental stuff.
02:21:54
Eric Weinstein:
Well, I-- look, we've always had the possibility of decoupling economic growth from, let's say, burning, uh, fossil fuels. We just haven't gotten around to doing it [chuckles] very well. Okay. W- what I'm starting to hear is that you believe potentially that maybe we should embrace declining populations as a means of either... And I don't want to put words in your mouth, but I'm, I'm just trying to guess ahead. One possibility is, is that we need to, uh, amplify the people who can live peaceably, and that maybe the idea is that people who can't live peaceably need to be incentivized to maybe have fabulous somatic lives, but without reproducing, I don't know, so that we can drive certain traits towards zero. Um, maybe the idea is we just need to take ambient pressure off the system, and so we need to go into a world where eight billion becomes six billion, becomes one billion, and we start dropping down again. Um...
02:23:04
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think we see that obviously birth rate is higher where there's poverty and we might lose some kids, right? And so as we just get out of abject poverty, birth rates go down. And then as total economic quality of life and the choice possibilities for women and education and other things go up, we start getting to, uh, much lower birth rates. And no, I'm not concerned that the birth rate will just collapse forever. It will come to some steady state, um, birth rates. But th- those are happening as a function of increased good things, increased quality of life.
02:23:46
Eric Weinstein:
So in other words, if you make the opportunity cost for childbearing enormous by making sure that, let's say, females have outrageously great career prospects and it starts to become much more fulfilling-
02:24:02
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And she doesn't want to spend her whole life pregnant.
02:24:05
Eric Weinstein:
Well, the-- look, I mean, the, the-- there's different issues with, um, women not realizing that most of their children will survive, which is happening in the demographic transition. Uh, so people miscalculated for a period of time, leading to fears about runaway population booms. So that's, that's one effect, and then there's another one about if you give people education, um, if you give-- if you educate women, the opportunity costs of staying home and raising children starts to impress itself, and so people will have fewer children.
02:24:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:24:38
Eric Weinstein:
But I think where you're, where you're headed is super interesting, and part-- maybe it's one of the reasons that people might find it rather disturbing. Making life awesome for females might mean having far fewer children.
02:24:55
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:24:56
Eric Weinstein:
All right. So that's a, a good thing in Schmachtenberger's-
02:24:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, yeah, this is-- So both-- I mean, the Malthusian trap, right, the Malthusian situation is both the geometric production, reproduction of humans and the arithmetic reproduction of resources, and I think neither of those are true, inexorably true. I think we can keep cycling the resources, and so basically we can have a steady state human population within a renewable materials economy carrying capacity. But where we're keep-- but we keep innovating on bits, so we keep making more and more positive and interesting things. So we keep getting an increase in quality of life, but not by increasing the qual- the quantity of the pie and the quantity of people consuming it, but the quality of it.
02:25:43
Eric Weinstein:
Well, in the world of atoms, I can't have Bill Gates' home in Washington State. But in the world of bits, maybe I can live there, uh, in my virtual reality and even have much more fantastic places. And so I agree that bits have some ability to create wild abundance that goes non-rivalrous. But I've brought up a very different concern, which you may be familiar with, which is abundance can kill you. If you have-- If you look out these windows and you see all of these people engaged in activities without being told to do so by a central authority, uh, what is it that ties that together? For the most part, s- markets with some amount of state control of violence in the form of policing. Um, okay. So now you create abundance, and abundance has this weird effect that it turns private goods and services into public goods and services, where price and value are no longer equal, and suddenly you have people who are producing things that are very valuable and can't get paid, right? And so how do we handle the takeover Uh, i-in this hypothetical world where we get to a, an economy of abundance that doesn't actually cause a collapse of civilization. You can, you can die from abundance, no?
02:27:04
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
A market can die from abundance, but I'm not proposing a market society.
02:27:08
Eric Weinstein:
I-- Okay, so I like that. So the idea is that we welcome [laughs] the destruction of the markets-
02:27:14
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
02:27:15
Eric Weinstein:
... to be replaced by-
02:27:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And it's important to say, obviously, if I have a situation where valuation is at least largely proportional to scarcity, then I have a basis to continue to manufacture artificial scarcity, and if something becomes abundant enough, it loses value. Then, of course, abundance and markets don't go together.
02:27:38
Eric Weinstein:
I'm very excited about any credible thing that is better than markets, because markets, while laden with problems, have been pretty amazing in what they've produced.
02:27:51
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. I'm not gonna criticize-
02:27:53
Eric Weinstein:
No, okay
02:27:53
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... the evolutionary path here to say we can argue straightforwardly why this path can't continue, why the nature of it self-terminates.
02:28:01
Eric Weinstein:
I agree, but the big problem here has always been that we have so little experience with, um, self-terminating our rivalrous desires.
02:28:11
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, so this is why I bring the Buddhists up.
02:28:13
Eric Weinstein:
All right.
02:28:14
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I think the Buddhists got past one part of the Dunbar number. If we think about the-
02:28:20
Eric Weinstein:
Can you think of a couple of Buddhist countries for our listeners at home that they can keep in mind while you're talking about Buddhism?
02:28:28
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, mostly they don't have countries anymore. There are Buddhists in a lot of Southeast Asian countries. So there are, um, Buddhists in India, there are Buddhists-- there's a lot of Buddhists in Nepal. Um, obviously Tibet was Buddhist before Tibet stopped existing in that form. Um, but, and you know, I could bring up Jains or others, but there are so few of them that it's a little bit easier to throw it out as an outlier. But basically cultures that were widely peaceful. But it is important to say the widely peaceful ones did largely get either killed by warring cultures or somehow taken over by them, or they became warring at a certain point. And this is why your escape hypothesis, which your escape hypothesis only works if we can make a much better civilization, but it needs to not have proximity to the thing, to external sources of rivalry so that it can develop.
02:29:23
Eric Weinstein:
And I, I wanna say, Daniel, that one of the reasons I keep pushing you on these things is not because I'm trying to, to do a gotcha style interview. The concern, let me just be open about it, is that there are so few people who are thinking, who are attempting to think rigorously about what we actually are and what we must become if we are to have a long-term future, that I'm not... I, I believe that you are somebody who's trying not to flinch when it comes to-
02:29:56
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I-
02:29:56
Eric Weinstein:
... a description of how we got to this place from the arms race that is red of tooth and claw called, called nature. And yet your point is maybe we can hack ourselves into a, a situation with a future where with exponential tech, as you call it, we don't have a future, and here's the basis for rigorous idealism and hope. And so that's what I'm trying to tease out.
02:30:19
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. No, gr-great. Yeah, I don't think that we are inexorably rivalrous.
02:30:28
Eric Weinstein:
Can we take this weirdly into the, the realm in which it is hardest to imagine that we are not rivalrous, which is-
02:30:36
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Sex
02:30:37
Eric Weinstein:
... sex as the precursor to reproduction. The floor is yours, sir.
02:30:42
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
You... Okay, this is gonna make the conversation weird.
02:30:46
Eric Weinstein:
No, no.
02:30:47
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um-
02:30:48
Eric Weinstein:
I-- Look, I think that where you're heading... Let me rephrase this. Every branch of the decision tree has gotten hyper weird, and anybody who's not looking at the fact that there is no non-weird branch of the decision tree is missing the story of who we are and what time it is in human history. So I think to not explore the weird, to not dream about what might be, is the least responsible, least adult thing we can do. If we don't dream and we don't explore the weird, we're doomed.
02:31:26
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:31:26
Eric Weinstein:
All right. With that, the floor is yours.
02:31:30
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay. I wanted to go somewhere with Buddhism and why not inexorably rivalrous, and that then if they were to actually get the other side of the Dunbar number, which is not just getting care beyond the Dunbar number, which they could do through abstract empathy-
02:31:47
Eric Weinstein:
Okay
02:31:47
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... but also the ability to calculate and coordinate, which they couldn't because they didn't have the tech to do it.
02:31:53
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
02:31:53
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I'm basically gonna say we can get something like abs... Oh, well, uh, okay, I'll do the sex thing and the Buddhism thing together 'cause they actually go together. I think we get something like a certain level of empathy up to the Dunbar number just through mirror neuron type effects, through the fact that I know these people, they know me, we've lived together. If they're hurting, I am gonna see it 'cause they aren't somewhere far away.
02:32:19
Eric Weinstein:
Got it.
02:32:20
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And similarly, I'm less likely to pollute in an area I'm in than through an industrial supply chain that pollutes somewhere that I'm not. So just the proximity where the cause and effect has a feedback loop. As we start to get to much larger scales where I have an, a cause and there's an effect, but I don't get a feedback loop on it, the broken open feedback loop is a problem. So I think the Buddhists were able to train abstract empathy, not just empathy for the people who I see hurting, but empathy for all sentient beings throughout time and space, right? Feeling their connectedness with them. That's the nature of the vows of the bodhisattva, and they're not the only one, right? This is- Different religions have tried to do this, but it's an example of a group succeeding at it, where they were able to have a sense of positive coupling of my well-being and the well-being of another rather than inverse coupling. They get ahead and it's decreasing my ability to get ahead. What they, the other side of the Dunbar number was not just who we care about but also our ability to coordinate. And I don't think they were able to figure out coordination mechanisms that are adequately effective at scale.
02:33:30
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
02:33:30
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think if we do both of those things, we can make a fundamentally different kind of civilization. And rivalry mostly comes down to today private balance sheets, which is I can get ahead economically and that money equals optionality for most of the things that I want.
02:33:49
Eric Weinstein:
All right.
02:33:50
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I can get ahead economically independent of you getting ahead and even at the expense of you getting ahead or the expense of the commons, right? And so my near-term incentive can oftentimes be a, a long-term disadvantage to others or the whole. So now this basis of where my well-being and the well-being of others or the commons, the delta between those is the basis for rivalry. But then dealing with that rivalry keeps increasing coordination costs, keeps cr- you know, creating disinformation systems where we can't coordinate effectively. Um, so how we deal with the balance sheet part, there's a few things. Right now, for me to have access to stuff, I have to mostly, with a few exceptions, possess the stuff, right? So possession and access are coupled. And if I possess something, I don't have to be using it. I'm just reserving the optionality to use it. The drill that sits in my garage that I might not have used in a couple years, but at least it's convenient that when I want it, it's there, right? But me possessing something means that I have access to it and means you don't have access to it. And so with a finite amount of stuff, the more stuff you possess, the less stuff I have access to. Rivalrous basis. But we all know library-type examples or shopping carts where if I have enough shopping carts at the grocery store for peak demand time, I don't have to bring my own shopping cart, which would be a pain in the ass and would require 10,000 shopping carts per grocery store rather than 300, um, everybody bringing them. So what matters is you having access to the shopping cart doesn't decrease my access. And we start to see a potential for this if we think about something like an Uber, and then we think about self-driving Uber that then has a blockchain that disintermediates it being a central company and being a commonwealth resource where those, where you having access to it doesn't decrease my access. So we're not rivalrous anymore. But then we take the next step and say, if you having access to transportation then also allows you to go to the maker studio that you have access to, to the science studio, to the educational places, to the art studios, where you then have more access to be creative. But the things that you create you aren't creating for you to get more money and get ahead because you already have access to all the things that you want and you don't differentiate yourself by getting stuff. You differentiate yourself by the things that you offer because you already have access to stuff. So there's a fundamentally different motive structure. Then you having access to more resources creates a richer commons that I have access to. So now we go from rivalrous not just to non-rivalrous, which is uncoupled, but anti-rivalrous, meaning you getting ahead necessarily equals me getting ahead. And so an, when we look at getting out of the Malthusian-type dynamics, part of it is that we can actually get out of the population dynamics. Part of it is that we can actually get a closed loop materials economy with renewable energy that can continue to upcycle. And part of it is that we can utilize our resources much more effectively and much less rivalrously where we start decoupling access from possession. That'll start easily in some areas, be harder in other areas, but we start in the areas that it happens. And so we start getting more and more of a situation where I want you to have access to more things because as you're more creative, then I get access to more things that are the results of your creativity. So where, so this is an example of removing some of the basis of rivalry associated with balance sheets.
02:37:26
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
02:37:28
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I can go to sex underneath that now if you want me to.
02:37:31
Eric Weinstein:
Th- you should go where it is most natural to take the conversation.
02:37:35
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay.
02:37:37
Eric Weinstein:
I will just try to follow along.
02:37:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um [inhales]
02:37:47
Eric Weinstein:
And the problem is if you go to sex directly from where you are, you are describing the value, let's say, of prostitution, which is that people do not have to make a commitment to a sexual partner. Um, many people can have the same sexual partner. Um, y- you start to get into all of these very funny areas where status, for example, uh, is a very weird commodity. Do I want you to have more status because somehow that will give me more status? Do I stop caring about status? If there is exactly one parcel of land which has a unequivocally the best view, uh, is that something that I want you to have rather than me having it?
02:38:41
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. So let's talk about status for a moment. If I'm comparing you and me in terms of who has more dollars or who's taller or who can run faster or some, uh, I can compare us on the same metric.
02:39:03
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
02:39:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Now, and if status is number of followers on Twitter, then Whatever, Kim Kardashian's the most interesting human being that's ever lived. And so I th- I think we know that reductionist metrics on status are also gamified and inappropriate. But if we say, like, M. C. Escher or Dali, like, what was more brilliant art? I think it's a meaningless question because they both offered something completely novel to the world and something meaningful and beautiful that the, neither of the other ones offered or could offer, and I can't compare them because I can't metricize them. And the reduction of... Th- that's the thing is I can't reduce totally unique things to a fungible metric. So one of the problems, I think, is actually fungibility and metric reduction. And so if you have status associated with unique things that you offer to the world, awesome. I'm not competing with you writ large for more status. I'm going to... People are gonna have a relationship to me for the things that I offer, and those are really the people that I want to have a relationship with me. And if you're offering things to the world that people have a relationship to you for, and I see that the world is getting better as a result of what you're offering, and I have access to more, a better world as a result of it, I'm totally stoked on that.
02:40:34
Eric Weinstein:
This is where it starts to feel not real to me.
02:40:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I know.
02:40:38
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah. [laughs] Okay. But let's, but let's go through this one.
02:40:41
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So here's why it sounds not real.
02:40:43
Eric Weinstein:
All right.
02:40:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I think... So do we have a slowing in technological progress? Yes, and, you know, less so in some areas than in other areas. Um, but do we still have exponentially growing technology in terms of both cumulative amount associated with number of people and globalization and in terms of just technologies that are still continuing to grow? Yes, of course we do. So is it 50 years or 100 years? We, we don't know. But I really, like, I have to think of this in a kind of a mythopoetic frame. That's how it occurs to me, is that as we, as technology is empowering our choices and we are getting something like the power of gods, you have to have something like the love and the wisdom of gods to wield that or you self-destruct. And so when I think about, I think about the Rapture story or the Mayan calendar or any of those stories in a metaphoric sense as just, like, s- let's say you and I were in the Bronze Age, and we had just seen a larger war than had ever happened because there were some new, better weapons-
02:41:53
Eric Weinstein:
Right
02:41:53
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and they could shoot further distance. And there were deserts where there didn't used to be deserts 'cause we had got new, better axes and saws and had been able to cut down more trees, and we just thought about it and we said, "We're, we're still developing better weapons, and we're developing better economic extraction tools. We're using our power in ways that are constructive in a narrow sense and destructive in a larger sense, but everybody is doing that. This doesn't get to happen forever." So this phase defined by increasing power on all sides used in destructive ways, constructive narrowly but destructive broadly, that phase comes to an end, and there's something like a hard fork where if we keep doing anything similar to that, it'll come to an end cumulatively, whether existential or catastrophic. More likely catastrophic, right? Not full everything ends, but a lot. And to be able to have that much power and not use it in ways that destroy the system requires being actually good stewards of power. So then the whole question for me becomes, how do we make a social system? Like, what is the, the bodhisattva engineering? How do we make a social system that is conditioning not just individual humans but also collectives to do good choice-making, omni-positive kind of choice-making? Well, I have to have a sense-making system that can factor things like externalities ahead of time better and that doesn't have things like multipolar traps where if anybody is doing the fucked-up thing, that everybody has to do it. And so I can start to think about what architecture such a system would have to have to be able to do sense-making as to what externalities would be and be able to internalize them, and where then I can actually confer resources to those right choice-making and that we're developing humans. So again, we think about the, the education associated with some religions bringing about less violence, the education associated with some cultures bringing about higher average cognitive capacity, and being able to bring those together. As much as I know this sounds, like, hippie and silly, I don't actually see anything other than a radical increase in our good stewardship of power that makes it-
02:44:09
Eric Weinstein:
I, I love the idea that you think that there might be something here, but let me come back at, with my... And again, I'm not trying to be negative. I had an experience at some point-
02:44:20
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Your answer requires a warp drive.
02:44:23
Eric Weinstein:
[laughs]
02:44:24
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So we, we both recognize the inexorability of this thing and then are saying, "Okay, so what is the fundamental thing that makes something move?"
02:44:32
Eric Weinstein:
No, every... Look, I'm not making fun of you because what you're saying is insane. What I'm saying is insane, and the people who are saying the most, uh, common f- supposedly adult things are the craziest of us all. So I at least accept the idea that we have to be here, and I want you on that branch. A- and I want other people on other branches because we need to fan out and start exploring, at least start to care. But I guess what I, what, what this makes me think of, it was a particular moment in my life where, uh, one of my closest friends, um, brought his father to dinner, and his father was a guy who was, um, legendary in the film industry. And One of the things he taught his son was never let the other guy get the first punch in. And I thought, "Wow, first strike. You're teaching your child to strike first." Nobody had ever suggested anything remotely like that in all of my upbringing. I'd never heard anything like this. And I instantly recognized it for what it was. Somebody was going to parasitize whatever I had been taught and say, "Wow, great. Eric's been taught self-restraint. Eric's been taught, uh, to turn the other cheek, to make sure that y- you deescalate a conflict," and goody, goody, more for me. Your multipolar trap.
02:46:04
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
02:46:05
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
02:46:06
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
There's a way out of it.
02:46:08
Eric Weinstein:
Tell me. I'm dying to hear it.
02:46:10
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay. So do we retrofit the system? No. Impossible. Foundational axioms are all the wrong axioms. Can we, can we make a situation in which we can raise children quite differently? Yes. Go to see kids who grew up in an Amazonian tribe or, you know, some very different conditioning environment and you'll see very different types of human behavior. Can we change already set adults? Much harder. Uh, not impossible, but harder. Um, so can we, could we find adults that are, that would be the most likely to be fast adopters of a new system like this and capable? So both kind of at the cutting edge of, um, their capacity to have abstract wide empathy and bind that to their action and, you know, deeply considerate about actual cause and effect dynamics, factor complexity, and work with other people well. Can we find the ones that are closest there and then train them up additionally in some systems that are developed for how to do a different process of collaboration that doesn't lead to... One, one way of talking about it is that when we go to command and control hierarchy systems to get beyond the Dunbar number, we get diminishing returns on collective intelligence as a num- as a function of the number of people, which creates a incentive to defect against that system, even internal defection, and so then we get a problem. If we could get collective intelligence scaling linearly, we get something radically different. So we get just the number of people that are needed to be able to do something like that, trained to do that, and we build a civilization, a full stack ground up civilization, because obviously I'm talking about not private balance sheets and private property as the dominant system. I'm also going to talk about not democracy because the nature of voting is inherently polarizing to populations because we make propositions where both voting for it and voting against it suck for somebody, for something, because they're based on theory of trade-offs where we didn't even try to figure out what a good proposition for everybody-
02:48:20
Eric Weinstein:
Sure
02:48:20
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... would be in the first place. So better systems of sense-making and choice-making, which w- we could get to. And so let's say you have a full stack civilization of people who are capable and oriented to implement it, and you have not only much higher quality of life for the people who are there, but innovative capacity to solve certain problems the world can't currently solve well because of no disinformation in the system and better coordination. Well, then that system can export solutions that other places in the world that would normally have an enmity relationship with it actually need that they can't solve for themselves. So it can create a dependence relationship rather than an enmity relationship. And then they're like, "Well, why the fuck are you figuring out these pieces of tech and we aren't?" We're like, "Well, we figured out a better social system and if you want it, you're welcome to use it. We're open sourcing the technology. Here's how, here's how it works." But given that the technology as a social technology is a social technology of how people share information and share resources and coordinate differently, it can't be weaponized because it is kind of the solvent to weaponization itself. And so any other group using it is just now that kind of social architecture starting to spore or to scale. And so yeah, I think you get out of the multipolar trap by you don't have to win at the game of power against some external force to avoid losing at the game of power. So far, if people didn't focus on militarizing, they lost to whoever militarized. Um, and if they didn't lose to whoever militarizes, it's because they militarized, which means their culture became a culture that supports the ideas of militarization, right? But if I focus on being able to have whoever would militarize against me be able to offer them things that are particularly valuable that are novel to a collective intelligence that can do better innovation-
02:50:21
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah
02:50:22
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... you get out of a multipolar trap that way.
02:50:25
Eric Weinstein:
I want to try aggregating all the little bits, uh, that I'm getting from you and seeing whether I'm coming anywhere close.
02:50:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Okay. [laughs]
02:50:35
Eric Weinstein:
All right. So the way I'm seeing it, Daniel, is the following. First of all, you're going to point out to me that there are all sorts of interesting things that have not been really effectively scaled up. So your point about Buddhism and Jains and what have you, um, it might be possible to use this enormous and luxurious developmental period for something radically different and that something you haven't said, but I'll throw into the mix and see whether you reject it, is that, um, man's capacity for self s- that is somatic, uh, eradication through fanaticism tells you how powerful the software can be, that you can teach people to die for a cause-
02:51:22
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
02:51:22
Eric Weinstein:
... let's say. And-
02:51:24
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Which is obviously against genetic comparatives
02:51:27
Eric Weinstein:
No, it's obviously against
02:51:30
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Individual genetic imperative
02:51:33
Eric Weinstein:
But the, but genetics doesn't work at the level of the individual. It, it's obviously against the somatic, the assumed somatic imperatives. It could actually benefit inclusive fitness. I think there's a very good reason to imagine that you actually benefit your clan if your deed is known. So I don't, I don't want to get into that, but fa- fanaticism exists and may be fungible. I think the Tamils, for example, probably showed us, uh, h- that fa- fanaticism can be used at a political level as long as you get access to children in Sri Lanka.
02:52:08
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:52:08
Eric Weinstein:
Okay. So wh-
02:52:11
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Access to children was a key thing.
02:52:13
Eric Weinstein:
I think so.
02:52:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:52:14
Eric Weinstein:
Right. So the idea is that you, you, in effect, and, and I don't mean to put words in your mouth, one of the lessons, uh, of human history is that the devel- developmental process, if not used for the traditional Darwinian imperative, is available for other uses, and it is of arbitrary power.
02:52:38
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:52:39
Eric Weinstein:
Now, I'm gonna get into the ethics of it, but first I just want to get into feasibility. So first of all, there's an enorm- I'm gonna keep going back to square zero if I, if I don't get this [laughs] right. First thing is you're pointing out we're not on the efficient frontier. We're screwing up everywhere. We could be doing a lot better. Appreciate that. Next point is there are a ton of different things that we haven't really looked at pushing, and we could afford to push on all of these things. Principle among those things is we should be using development for something radically different and studying cultures which have an intrinsically sort of non-rivalrous ethos to them to see h- what have we already been able to do, and then we can engineer on top of that. Atoms is, are different than bits. Atoms have a some- somewhat finite feel to them. Bits feels effectively infinite. So to the extent that we can move things from atoms to bits and not be coupled to a market system where you have this problem of that abundance creates public goods and services which causes markets to fail, but then something else succeeds in its stead, that we can start to have abundance, particularly where we decouple and re- learn more about recycling so that finite resources are much better appreciated for what they are, that we can get to a point where we can start to take pleasure in each other's pleasure, uh, particularly if somebody's producing something that is extremely positive for that society. I want to see Jackie Chan given more money to make Jackie Chan films. Um, so I'm not angry about that. So now we're scaling up all of these things, the things that haven't been noticed, hacks, this, that, and the other thing. I like it. Maybe it'll buy us some time. Here are the things that really disturb me about it. One... You don't have to grimace. I mean, I, I want to have-
02:54:36
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I'm not grimacing. I'm smiling
02:54:37
Eric Weinstein:
... Okay. One is the, the le- what is the minimal level of violence and coercion needed to bring about some of these changes? So this was something that I brought up in my discussion with Peter Thiel, and his and my sort of somewhat mutual framework, really I learned something from him, but I tried to put my own thing back into it, is take, take a beautiful dream, ask what the minimal level of violence and coercion needed to accomplish it, add that in as part of the cost, and ask yourself, is it still beautiful? So that's one of the questions that I would ask you.
02:55:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:55:14
Eric Weinstein:
Um, and then I get to the issue of certain things like lakefront property, in the atomic world anyway, are valuable and unique, and it becomes problematic to imagine a world in which all of our previous experience was about competing for these things, to imagine 100%, um, adherence to this new way of thinking.
02:55:50
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, let's go protopian, not utopian. Let's go that there are some lo-
02:55:54
Eric Weinstein:
Say what you mean by protopian
02:55:56
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... moving in the right direction.
02:55:57
Eric Weinstein:
All right.
02:55:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Let's say that there are some things that are harder to make adequately abundant than other things, but there's a lot of low-hanging fruit that we can start moving. And as we do it, we will get th- there's good reason to s- think that there is a basis to do that in more areas. So in a system where when something is more scarce it is worth more, then if I'm on the supply side of that, I have an incentive to manufacture artificial scarcity and to definitely prevent abundance that would debase the value of the thing that I have. In a world where we remove the association of value and scarcity, then where there are actual scarcities, the goal is to engineer the scarcity out of the system.
02:56:42
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
02:56:43
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And so if we're talking about limited amount of oceanfront, then this is where we say, "Well, can we do seasteading and ow- create a lot of oceanfront that is really awesome?" Where there is actually more desire. Just like more people are shopping at the store, then we need more shopping carts. And so part of the answer is how do we actually increase the abundance, but not an exponential abundance, because we're talking about also steady state population and using, and a lot of shared resources. Um, and it's that coupled with psychologically healthier, more mature people that relate to these things differently. Both of those are necessary. Neither would be sufficient on their own.
02:57:19
Eric Weinstein:
Well, I like that a lot, and I, I do quite honestly take some hope in that I'm finding that what people are now rivalrous about has changed a lot, I think, over the course of my life. Um, I think millennials are much more interested in what, what experiences have you had recently rather than what have you bought and purchased recently. Uh, in part because the economy kind of turned against them, but travel got cheap, right? And so that, that's been interesting to see. Do you believe that we have a huge nearly universal level up in maturity and wisdom available to us through development hacking?
02:58:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. A- and so it is both how we develop that socially, which I don't think will happen uniformly. I think will happen in pockets that become strange attractors that other groups will want to then implement once seen because they're so clearly better at both quality of life and innovation. Um, and how long that takes to develop widely is a while. Like, this is a multi-generation thing.
02:58:36
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
02:58:37
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Um, I think that that would not be sufficient on its own, but it's necessary. Better sense-making systems where we can actually solve problems without causing worse problems, which we're not historically good at, is also necessary. And this is both some evolution in our epistemics and our actual processes of collective sense-making and w- collective coordination. Um, so yes, I see level ups in both of those possible.
02:59:09
Eric Weinstein:
All right. Now I'm gonna ask a very difficult question, but y- y- we have to get to it.
02:59:14
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:59:16
Eric Weinstein:
In essence, I, the, I- I've got a riff which I don't think I've said publicly, which is that the, the biggest problem with discussing sexuality is is that sex, sex is sexy.
02:59:29
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:59:29
Eric Weinstein:
And if you have something that's central to the world that is almost impossible to talk about-
02:59:35
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
02:59:36
Eric Weinstein:
... um, it's a very strange state of affairs. Assume that we solve all of these problems that don't have to do with status, sex, and reproduction according to your most optimistic scenario, but we have trouble over here, that there's one last little pesky problem.
02:59:55
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
02:59:55
Eric Weinstein:
Does this situation work?
02:59:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yes. Now, I will speak to it because as you said, it is central and we need to speak to it.
03:00:03
Eric Weinstein:
Am I wrong about that, it is central?
03:00:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Of course.
03:00:06
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
03:00:08
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
M- but my speaking to it is probably gonna change the comment section, um, of this video, but so be it.
03:00:15
Eric Weinstein:
You know what? If they don't want to come along for the ride, they... I, I think that the most important thing is j- to just try to do this, [laughs] I don't mean to say this to be horrible, but let's try to take some of the stupid fun out of discussing sexuality by talking about it for what it is-
03:00:33
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
03:00:33
Eric Weinstein:
... an, a central system that, um, has to be discussed because i- it is the engine of human behavior.
03:00:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So your brother and I had this conversation, um, when we met, and obviously with his background in evolutionary biology and primate mating and whatever, um, uh, I was very interested in his perspective and it took a little while, but for what it's worth-
03:01:00
Eric Weinstein:
And let me just jump in one second. Brett, were he here-
03:01:04
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
03:01:04
Eric Weinstein:
... would break the theory of selection into two pieces, and that would be the stuff that follows natural selection the way we expect it from Darwin, and then he would break it into a second piece, which is the stuff that goes completely counterintuitive due to sexual selection.
03:01:25
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
03:01:26
Eric Weinstein:
And that division is actually part of the standard evolutionary t- tool- toolkit. He does it a little bit better and a little bit differently.
03:01:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
03:01:34
Eric Weinstein:
But th- that division into natural and sexual selection is part of the, the territory.
03:01:40
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And it really matters for when we think about resource scarcity because the resources that people need to deal with the first part, the survival part, are not that much-
03:01:49
Eric Weinstein:
Right
03:01:50
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... actually. But the resources that people need to deal with the mating part is more than the other guy historically, which is why the guy with the 150-foot yacht might feel bad when the 200-foot yacht pulls up. It's-
03:02:00
Eric Weinstein:
Well, this is... L- and let's say this is, is close... You're not an evolutionary theorist and I'm not, but we can do our best. There is a version of evolutionary theory which states that there needs to be crisis, there needs to be a, a function for showing that you are better in order to keep individuals, um, max... You know, sort of on that razor's edge of, of, of performance, and that mating opportunities means that there's always a crisis. There's never enough abundance, um, because somebody with 13 homes is more desirable than somebody with nine homes if you're just trying to figure out if there were a crisis-
03:02:48
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
03:02:48
Eric Weinstein:
... who would do better.
03:02:50
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right. So we have to overcome that because that drives a Malthusian situation of no amount of resource ever brings sufficiency about.
03:02:57
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
03:02:58
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And drives a fundamental rivalry, which is why you said we have to address it. Um, so what I'm... M- my take on this as I explored it, my process with myself has been asking, okay, as soon as I saw that the dynamics of this world that seemed intuitive and natural to most of us as we kind of grew up in it and were conditioned by it-
03:03:25
Eric Weinstein:
Right
03:03:26
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... were self-terminating, then I said, any of the things that we think of as normal, I'm willing to question deeply
03:03:33
Eric Weinstein:
Okay.
03:03:33
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And so how do I think... Could I imagine a high-tech civilization that doesn't implode? Could I imagine a kind of enlightened planet? What would life be like there? All the different things, conflict, emotion, resources, and sexuality is obviously one of the big questions. And I think, I think the book Sex at Wrong, Sex at Dawn obviously gets plenty of things wrong. It's trying to make a strong antithesis to the standard evolutionary history of Homo sapiens thesis, but I think there are some key parts to it. When they look at the Moswa people or the Kunela people or people that did not have, that had a stable society that was not primarily pair bonded, but had multi-male, multi-female dynamics, it's not to say that's how humans mostly were. That doesn't matter. It's to say that it's a possibility. If it's within the possibility set, same with Buddhism, I'm not saying that's how people mostly have been.
03:04:26
Eric Weinstein:
No, no, this is what I mean. It's sort of... It doesn't have to win. It just needs to establish proof of concept, and then we can try to scale it up from-
03:04:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. It's a positive deviant analysis for proof of concept to then say, can we make that actual... Is that a viable model for a new center, and is that a possible thing to make? And the fact that it didn't make it through evolution so far-
03:04:49
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm
03:04:49
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... like evolution has a blind quality to it, right? Where it'll make a adaptation that makes sense in the moment deci- determined by something like warfare that is actually not good long-term or is even self-terminating long-term. So the argument, if it would've been a good system, it would've made it. Well, the thing that has made it is continuing to up ratchet rivalrous capacity.
03:05:12
Eric Weinstein:
Oh, it's got a lot-
03:05:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And that itself is gonna self-terminate
03:05:14
Eric Weinstein:
... like meta class hacking that somehow we, we've hacked ourselves into a position that we can keep surviving.
03:05:19
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
03:05:20
Eric Weinstein:
And so one, one version says that we can never escape the evolutionary imperatives. The other says we will alwa- we, we have always escaped whatever our last problem was, and so we should be expect that even if there's only this sliver of hope, we should exploit it to the fullest.
03:05:34
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. And so generally this situation happens that we have a near term incentive to pursue some advantage, but where the disadvantage of that thing might happen over a much longer term, and that's like one of the fundamental problems, right? The externality might show up over hundreds or thousands of years, but the benefit occurs over this year, so we have to do it. So we have to get over that, actually. If we're affecting the world in such fundamental ways over the long term, we have to actually be factoring that into our decision making now. That's one of the minimum requirements of a game B if it's gonna exist, which also means of a viable civilization at all. So when it comes to status, 'cause I think status and sexuality go largely together. It's not exactly one for one, but there, there's a strong correlation. I was listening to you on a few podcasts and you were talking about E prime and talking about spinners and your kind of geometric unity, and I was just fucking loving it, and I was loving even the status of like you describing theoretical physics and mathematics well, which are topics that you know so much better than I do, but that I'm fascinated by, and educating the public about it. And there was no like status competition impulse in me that was like, "Oh, but wait, he is being seen as smart for these things." I was like, "Wow, this is fucking awesome. I, I hope that he gets more status doing that because it's obviously good for the world."
03:07:02
Eric Weinstein:
Geez. I have such different intuitions about this. I mean, you know, to be blunt about it, um, I didn't really talk about this stuff for ages, and there was a part of me that cared about status, um, but this was always a part. In fact, I really, to the extent that I think that I have anything interesting and new, it is a very uncomfortable feeling. I mean, I c- I could show you all sorts of cool things on, you know... If I came up with a new lick on the guitar, I would enjoy showing it to you.
03:07:41
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Mm-hmm.
03:07:42
Eric Weinstein:
This is something I feel very, I have felt very uncomfortable about, and there are ways in which, um... Well, it's very apart for me from the status game. I, I, I've been fascinated looking at some of the comments where people say, you know, so and so is in it for the grift and they just want money and this is an ego trip. And I have to say the least fun part, the reason I didn't do a podcast for a long time and the reason that I, um, I didn't commercialize this and I left a lot of money on the table, and I, I'm intending to commercialize this, is that I was very uncomfortable with all of these issues. I didn't like it. And I think people imagine that their first few increments of status are fun so that getting more and more status must be awesome, and I actually don't think that that's true. I think it's a little bit like, wow, my first, my first taste of heroin was pretty sweet. I, I, I should do this all the time. It goes into some completely different place.
03:08:50
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. So that is counter to the narrative that we're all st- seeking maximum status and in competition with each other for status.
03:08:58
Eric Weinstein:
Well, I think that, yeah, I think that there is a l- that is a low resolution narrative.
03:09:03
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
03:09:03
Eric Weinstein:
And I think that, um, you know, it's like, it, it's, [laughs] I always make fun of the fact that, um, evolutionarily you're crazy for sugar and the fact that they give it away for free at Starbucks, you know, you, uh, there's some part of you that's a three-year, three-year-old kid who just wants to eat as many packets of sugar as you possibly can. It's not gonna be a good thing.
03:09:27
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
03:09:27
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah. Keep going. Sorry about that.
03:09:29
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, so that's the thing. I think, I think it's actually true that there's a lot of status that is not really that fun. This is also my experience. But I think it's also true that we can feel good about rather than bad about where someone else is doing socially well.
03:09:47
Eric Weinstein:
Well, if, if we-- yeah, I mean, if we, if we have a kind of love and trust and we have an idea like, you know, I'm friends with Andrew Yang, and I disagree with a bunch of his policies, but I have a feeling that he is a guy who's just earnest, you know?
03:10:03
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
03:10:03
Eric Weinstein:
I, knowing, knowing him socially, I have the sense that it is not an ego trip for him to wanna steward the country. It's a, you know, you're taking on a position that puts you in a life and death situation with the number of attempts on presidents' lives, let's say. It's a very solemn responsibility, and I think that in part, we want people who we feel are, are grounded. And I'm, by the way, I'm not always grounded, you know. So I've d-- I, I've drunk my own status, um, you know, to excess at times. But it's a very tricky thing. Who do I want to have status? Who do I not want to have status? Do I trust... I have a, a friend who is the nicest person in the world except when he's doing well, and then he becomes very difficult to deal with, you know? So there's like the, there's the person who's fine on one glass of alcohol, and you don't want them to have three.
03:11:01
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah. So I think status as a hypernormal stimuli, where in a evolutionary environment, we couldn't necessarily have more than a hundred and fifty people pay attention to us.
03:11:13
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah.
03:11:14
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And now we can have a huge number of people pay attention to us and have it metricized with likes or whatever. I think it is, like sugar, a hypernormal stimulus that is very hard for it not to be bad for us, and we actually have to have a very mature relationship to it. And addiction of any kind, any hypernormal stimulus that decreases normal stimulus is gonna end up being net bad for us. I think one of the metrics for how healthy a society is is inverse relationship to addictive dynamics.
03:11:44
Eric Weinstein:
Fascinating.
03:11:45
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Healthy environment conditions people that are not prone to addiction, which means have actual more authenticity of choice, 'cause addiction, compulsion writ large is less authenticity of choice. And what's interesting is the hypernormal stimulus, what porn is to sex, what sugar and salt and fat concentrated in a Frappuccino or a McDonald's is to food, right? Devoid of the actual nutrition or devoid of the actual intimacy, concentrating-
03:12:14
Eric Weinstein:
So let's just say this is proximates that betray the ultimates. The, the, originally the proximate stimulus was tied to the ultimate, and that's-
03:12:22
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
03:12:22
Eric Weinstein:
... the, the b- the brain keeps track of the proximates, and then you can disconnect some of these, like birth control disconnected sexuality from procreation.
03:12:32
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right. And in the same way, if there was a healthy status relationship of in a tribal environment where I can't really lie and people really are watching me and know me, if I'm thought well of, it's because I'm actually doing well by everybody and I have authentic, healthy relationships, as opposed to I can signal things that aren't true-
03:12:50
Eric Weinstein:
Hmm
03:12:51
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... in a, in a, and even get more status through negative signaling about other people and things like that and get a lot of hits from it. It's, that is the same th- kind of thing as the fast food or the porn is. And so I think we have a hyponormal environment of the healthy stimulus that actually creates a baseline well-being. So most people, I find that when they go camping with their friends and they're in nature and they're actually in real authentic human relationships, they're checking their phone for dopamine hits from email or Facebook less. And they're also looking, opening the f- the fridge just blindly looking less often because they're actually having a, an authentic, meaningful, engaging interaction. But in a world where I have a lot of isolation, nuclear family, h- home structures, et cetera, and not connected to nature and not necessarily connected to meaningfulness that much, that hyponormal environment creates increased susceptibility to hypernormal stimuli. Hypernormal stimuli happen to be good for markets because on the supply side, if I wanna maximize lifetime value of a customer, addiction is good for lifetime value of a customer. Um, but it is very bad for society as a whole. Uh...
03:14:21
Eric Weinstein:
This I really like. So if I understand you correctly, people don't... I mean, this actually s- s- start, starts to solve a puzzle. Uh, I think I heard that somebody asked Matt Damon whether he enjoyed being famous, and he said it was, if I have the story right, and maybe somebody else, forgive me if, if I'm wrong. He said it wasn't even fun for fifteen minutes. And this is the hardest thing to convey, is that if you've never had any kind of status at all-
03:14:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
03:15:00
Eric Weinstein:
... that f- you know, I, I think I said to Tim Ferriss that you only wanted to be famous to three thousand hand-chosen people. You want your calls returned, you know? [chuckles] You, you wanna be taken seriously when you have something to say. You do not want to be universally known. And that was the hardest decision in starting this podcast, was I didn't think I had another option. I mean, part of the point of it is to get out ideas that I worry are not institutional. You know, there's no institution-
03:15:36
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
03:15:36
Eric Weinstein:
... that's embracing these ideas. And I couldn't figure out, I mean, I tried for, for months, is there a way to do this without Becoming part of the story.
03:15:47
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right.
03:15:48
Eric Weinstein:
And because I think that privacy and an individual life is so much more important, and I don't believe that every time you bring something up, you know, it means that y- you should have your life ripped open, uh, and, and, and be dissected and discussed. It's very unnatural. And I think what you're trying to tell me is that people think that they wanna be fabulously rich. They think they wanna be famous. They think they want unlimited sexual access. And in fact, it is the first few tastes of these things that convince them that there must be no limit to how wonderful the world can be if, uh, if only that can be mine. And in fact, there is something... I mean, it's sort of, you know, like Rosebud at the end of Citizen Kane [laughs].
03:16:31
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah, those are much more like addiction than fulfillment. And addiction will give me a spike and then a crash, and then because of the crash I'm more craving something that will spike me because I feel really shitty and... But then I get an erosion of baseline over time from the effects of that. And so of course the chocolate cake is gonna make me feel good in the moment, but as I have a mostly chocolate cake diet, my life feels shittier as I average, right? As I do the integral under the curve, it gets worse. Whereas the salad doesn't really give me that spike, but as I get healthier, my baseline of pleasure throughout, not just when I'm eating, but all of the time, goes up because I have the capacity to engage in more interesting, meaningful things and my body doesn't hurt as much and whatever. So I think the interesting thing is that it is actually just like a healthier relationship to, or a more effective relationship to pleasure is anti-addictive. But I think most of these things that people think they want are hypernormal stimuli, that is the dopaminergic part separated from the substance.
03:17:33
Eric Weinstein:
I don't know how much I believe this, but I like it a lot. So if I understand you correctly, there is a world of pleasure... I don't even wanna call it pleasure. I don't even know what to call it. Maybe it's much more on fulfillment, that we would give up that... No, let me say it differently. What you're really saying is we are blind to the effect that somatic pleasure and status pleasure is crowding out fulfillment in our lives, and that were we to actually understand the cost of pleasure, of rivalry, that there is an individual reason to abandon somatic pleasure as the be-all and end-all of how we, how we grade a life. I mean, this is... How many, how many awesome trips to Vegas did I, did I have? Is that the thing that's going to matter most to me on my deathbed?
03:18:30
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah, I don't think it ever has. And I don't think it's ever what people would be most hopeful that they're-
03:18:40
Eric Weinstein:
Let's give it a name, because I don't think I've ever been down this particular route. Let's call it deathbed mindset for the moment, just to play with it, see if it works. And if it doesn't work, we'll, we'll trash it. So people on their deathbed become focused on did I do enough for my community [laughs]? Do my children think well of me?
03:19:00
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Well, I think what happens is people realize that everything they got dies with them. Like all-
03:19:07
Eric Weinstein:
In the end it's lineage only
03:19:09
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and the way I touch the world continues.
03:19:11
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah.
03:19:11
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And it's not just my biologic kids.
03:19:13
Eric Weinstein:
No, no, it's also-
03:19:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
All the ways I touch the world
03:19:14
Eric Weinstein:
... the, the lineage of my thoughts.
03:19:15
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
03:19:15
Eric Weinstein:
Like memes a- along with genes.
03:19:18
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And so I think when so- when we really start to think about this clearly, we recognize th- this direction is self-terminating, the need to get stuff from the world, that when I die it ends with me, that there is actually only a kind of self-transcendence and permanence in the way that I touch the world which does ripple ongoingly. But there's also this thing where... Yeah. A- again, it-- I feel almost a little bit shy talking about it, even, even more than the sex topic in some ways, because, uh, I'm proposing that there is something like spiritual growth-
03:20:02
Eric Weinstein:
I think it's less-
03:20:02
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... that is actually necessary-
03:20:04
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah
03:20:04
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... for civilization to make it. And so people affirming that they are these kind to themselves needy things that need stuff from the world.
03:20:17
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah.
03:20:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
That need other people's validation and attention and et cetera, and living life that way where the more of it they get what they're still getting is a self, the affirmation of that sense of self, as opposed to coming from a place of wholeness and the desire and actual love for the beauty of life.
03:20:36
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
03:20:36
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And the desire to have their life be meaningful to life. That my life ends, but Life with a capital L doesn't end, and that life starts to be central to my awareness more than my life is, and my life becomes meaningful in its coupling to life. This answers the sex question. It also, it answers all the other questions, but I don't think-
03:20:57
Eric Weinstein:
There is a there to break through to.
03:20:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
03:21:00
Eric Weinstein:
And the problem that we're having conceiving of it in your mind... Now again, I don't think this gets us out of all the issues that I've raised, but I think it's the first point at which I start to see that there's something really different about your perspective. So just as a slow learner.
03:21:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
If we take the kind of Girardian idea of all desire is mimetic-
03:21:22
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah
03:21:22
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and I'm oversimplifying it, but just meaning I want what other people have, and then that inexorably causes conflict, and then the conflict will inexorably cause violence. I think there is statistical truth to all three of those steps, but not inexorable truth to any of them.
03:21:41
Eric Weinstein:
Mm.
03:21:43
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
I don't only want things that other people have. I, you know, or that I, uh, that I learn from other people. There's, there, there are things that are just intrinsically fascinating to me or there are wanting for other people. It is not wanting for myself anything in particular, just actually caring about wanting for other people. There are innate creative impulses where I don't actually need to see any... Like, I have a friend who is a savant pianist, brilliant pianist, and he almost never will play for anybody because his experience of playing is so beautiful that he doesn't want to cheapen it by having somebody else hear it and move into a performative place, and it just is his own communion with music itself. So I think there is desire that emerges from our connection to life, not just the social layer. And then even if you're doing something that I'm inspired by and I want to do something like that too, they don't have to create conflict. I can be okay with you having something and want to share it or share in that type of phenomena.
03:22:48
Eric Weinstein:
Yeah. Okay, now I'm starting to... You know, I have a friend, for example, who's a fantastic guitarist, and I notice that when we play together, uh, he doesn't play at his peak ability because he wants the pleasure of playing together-
03:23:10
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah
03:23:10
Eric Weinstein:
... to, to be that, the thing that we share. If I was a better guitarist, it would be more fun to trade things back and forth, but the danger of going out of shared experience, um, is far greater. And so, you know, and I, yeah, I, I, I know the things that you are saying are true, and perhaps what I've been saying back to you could be retranslated as the transcendent beyond the proximate somatic pleasures that we have is so rarely experienced at scale.
03:23:46
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It's not experienced at scale.
03:23:47
Eric Weinstein:
Well-
03:23:48
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Eh, little bits in religions and
03:23:50
Eric Weinstein:
In religion it happens. I think that in, in families there are things that people don't want to share outside of the family because they bond the family.
03:23:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
03:23:59
Eric Weinstein:
And, but it's just, it's hard to imagine a world in which people stop coveting their own name in lights, um, you know, people, uh, being impressed by, by their car, their yacht, their house, this, that, and the other. And I think that what you're talking about-
03:24:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It's not hard for me to imagine that
03:24:19
Eric Weinstein:
... well, this is the thing. I mean, the, the, you know, the, the odd thing that I have in being the friend and the employee of a billionaire is that I sometimes get to borrow his life.
03:24:30
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah.
03:24:30
Eric Weinstein:
And, you know, he's made his home available to me, um, in Hawaii, for example, and it's absolutely astounding to be in control of an asset like that. I have another friend who lent me his island year after year. Um, but I also found that I didn't want or need that, and that both of these gentlemen that I'm referring to were much more focused on ideas than they were on FabergĂŠ eggs or displaying a Picasso or anything like that because ultimately they found... They, they wanted to go... Th- their association with me was let's talk about things that m- might move the needle in human history rather than-
03:25:13
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Right
03:25:13
Eric Weinstein:
... w- do you have any idea how much this bottle of wine cost?
03:25:17
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And remember I was saying earlier that I think dominant paradigms co-opt psychology to define healthy psychology as supportive of the paradigm.
03:25:27
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm.
03:25:27
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So what I'm about to say in terms of what I think healthy psychology is is not the current definition of healthy psychology.
03:25:32
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
03:25:33
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
It is one that would be fit to a s- to an actually viable civilization. I think psychologically healthy humans are emotionally coupled to each other, so-
03:25:44
Eric Weinstein:
100%
03:25:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So when you're happy, I'm happy. I'm stoked for you. If you're hurting, I feel that. I feel compassion and empathy. I think the worst psychology is the inversion of sadism, where I feel joy at your pain rather than joy at your joy and pain at your pain.
03:26:01
Eric Weinstein:
Well, you know, this whole, I think it's a French expression, it is not sufficient that one succeed in life. One's friends must also fail.
03:26:09
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Yeah, so that is a perfect statement of what is most wrong with the world, right?
03:26:14
Eric Weinstein:
Yes. [laughs]
03:26:15
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
That's, that, that is the heart of the worst part of game A. But I think jealousy is one step away from sadism because if sadism is I feel joy at your pain, jealousy is I feel pain at your joy or your success, or envy, right? And I don't think that is a psychologically healthy place for people. I think it is a... Largely we condition this because we watch movies where we celebrate when the bad guy gets it.
03:26:42
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
03:26:42
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And we condition the fuck out of we celebrate when the bad guy gets it, and we celebrate when our team wins and the other team loses, so we can collectively decouple our empathy from other human beings arbitrarily so that we can then feel good in a war supporting, you know, when that type of dynamic occurs.
03:26:57
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
03:26:57
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And we get conditioned that second place is the first loser and all those types of things, but this is conditioning again, a conditioning of a highly neuroplastic species, so I think our intuitions are all bad if we haven't spent time really questioning these things and then also looking at cultural outliers because I don't think any of this is inexorable. Is it s- is it ubiquitous? Yes. Is it inexorable? No. But I think what is ubiquitous is psychopathology.
03:27:23
Eric Weinstein:
Well, Daniel, I think what I've gotten from our conversation is is that you've got a lot of examples that are, are at the proof of concept level of things that are underexploited. You've got an observation that we're far off the efficient frontier, that there's one giant overlooked opportunity, which is that we are so radically case selected that our developmental period from age zero to 13 could be used for something radically different, which I think is the, the biggest hope in your whole complex of ideas, together with the idea that there are realms beyond somatic pleasure, that most of us spend our entire lives not knowing what it's like to break through the status and wealth and security games. And effectively, we have no idea what the top of Maslow's hierarchy when fully realized is, and that it might be possible to at least begin the game to buy us some time to try to figure out what we would do at scale. Now, I still don't see any world in which we can defeat all of these multipolar traps, but I think what you're really saying to me, again, always correct me if I'm wrong, is that we could potentially change what winning feels like, and that when we do that, then this prisoner's dilemmas don't look right any longer because I no longer want to be the one who defected while you cooperated so that I get off scot-free and you wind up, uh, with a 20-year jail term.
03:29:02
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And we have to remove the context of the prisoner's dilemma as our model for the world, right? Like, actually change the nature of the context. And because that is a fundamentally inexorably rivalrous dynamic, right?
03:29:18
Eric Weinstein:
Well, I just-- I don't think you're gonna get rid of all rivalry. I just-- I see opportunities for decreasing it. I see opportunities for changing the culture. The, the, the weakest part of your argument to me at this moment, and again, I'm just learning about it, is the need for universality with respect to this evolution. And I think that's the one part of it that I find the hardest to imagine we can actually get done.
03:29:44
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
So if I have a system like a corporation where my playing by the rules fully gets me ahead less than me defecting on the system internally and doing-
03:29:55
Eric Weinstein:
Mm-hmm
03:29:55
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... corporate politics or a back-end deal or whatever it is-
03:29:59
Eric Weinstein:
Right
03:29:59
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... then I have the incentive to defect on the system, and it doesn't have the collective intelligence to notice it, right? Because there's a diminishing return on the collective intelligence of the system as a function of more scale. If I could make a system, and I, I, I will claim that we can and that there are architectures that can achieve it, if we could make a system where the collective intelligence scaled with the number of people, then I would always have more incentive to participate with it than to defect. And if I did defect because I had a head injury, the system would have the intelligence to be able to notice that and deal with it. Now, this is the place where I'm saying the Dunbar number was both care and sense-making. It was a limit on both, you know, our values generation-
03:30:46
Eric Weinstein:
Right
03:30:47
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... and our sense-making to inform choice-making. So if we want better systems of governance, i.e. better systems of choice-making, we need to get both collective values generation and collective sense-making down. The conditioning gives us ways to start to work with things like very different value systems. But I can't have a very different value system while still incentivizing meaning a value equation economically where the whale is worth a lot dead and nothing alive.
03:31:14
Eric Weinstein:
Right.
03:31:15
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And I-- and it doesn't have adequate sense-making to even inform what good choice-making for everyone so we can participate with the system is. So that'll have to take more time.
03:31:29
Eric Weinstein:
Well, um, I look forward to continuing our discussions, and I want to thank you very much for coming and sharing your ideas with us here on The Portal.
03:31:39
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
And just briefly, I want to say I think that, I think that you doing this is awesome. I, uh-
03:31:48
Eric Weinstein:
I really appreciate that
03:31:49
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
... you know, there, there are people who say we need divergent ideas and heterodox ideas, but that don't have grounded, clear thinking and, you know, critical thinking. And I think for you to bring heterodox thinkers and have-- but not just agree with them, but have real dialectic conversation that is earnestly seeking to bring about better understanding is beautiful. I was really excited about that. I, uh, I wish that I could have communicated clearer having had better sleep last night, but, uh, hopefully it wasn't completely unintelligible.
03:32:24
Eric Weinstein:
Well, I, I traveled, I face-timed from San Francisco to do this, and so I think I was probably a little off my game at, particularly at the beginning. But we can do this again, and I just want to say, uh, those are incredibly generous and kind words. I'll take them to heart. I'm trying to get courage myself to do a little bit more in this space. And so far, I got to tell you, the audience for this show has been second to none in terms of behaving, uh, really admirably, uh, and positively on the internet. I can't tell you how much great feedback we've gotten, super constructive, and, uh, I, I hope that they will l- they'll embrace what you've said, uh, in the same spirit. So thanks, Daniel.
03:33:05
Daniel Schmachtenberger:
Thank you. [outro music]
03:33:08
Eric Weinstein:
You've been watching the-- or listening to The Portal with Daniel Schmachtenberger, and, uh, I've been your host, Eric Weinstein. Thanks for coming through, and we'll see you next time. [outro music]
Annotations[edit]
-
-