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| In this episode, Vitalik Buterin sits down with Eric to discuss ethereum, the wider world of crypto and heterodox economics. | | {{EpisodeInfoBox |
| | |title=The Ethereal Prince and His Virtual Machine |
| | |image=[[File:The-portal-podcast-cover-art.jpg]] |
| | |guest=[[Vitalik Buterin]] |
| | |length=01:29:05 |
| | |releasedate=21 November 2019 |
| | |youtubedate=11 December 2019 |
| | |customlabel1=OmnyFM |
| | |customdata1=[https://omny.fm/shows/the-portal/12-vitalik-buterin-the-ethereal-prince-and-his-vir Listen] |
| | |customlabel2= |
| | |customdata2= |
| | |customlabel3= |
| | |customdata3= |
| | |customlabel4= |
| | |customdata4= |
| | <!-- |download=[https://rss.art19.com/episodes/777009b2-9a58-431f-9237-0581716107a8.mp3 Download] --> |
| | |youtube=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TwNNgiNZ7Y Watch] |
| | |link4title=Portal Blog |
| | |link4=[https://theportal.group/12-vitalik-buterin-the-ethereal-prince-and-his-virtual-machine/ Read] |
| | |prev=ep11 |
| | |next=ep13 |
| | }} |
| | In this episode, [[Vitalik Buterin]] sits down with [[Eric Weinstein|Eric]] to discuss ethereum, the wider world of crypto and heterodox economics. |
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| |
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| Taking note of the new development of blockchain in 2010, Eric wrote an essay called “Go Virtual Young Man”. A few years later, a Thiel Fellow named Vitalik created a virtual machine with an idiosyncratic smart contract system and a currency. Ironically, Eric had recently become a Managing Director at Thiel Capital. Perennially circling each other intellectually, the two now sit down in person to discuss economic paradigm shifts, crypto and the future of online sovereignty and social coordination. | | Taking note of the new development of blockchain in 2010, Eric wrote an essay called [https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11861 “Go Virtual Young Man”]. A few years later, a Thiel Fellow named Vitalik created a virtual machine with an idiosyncratic smart contract system and a currency. Ironically, Eric had recently become a Managing Director at Thiel Capital. Perennially circling each other intellectually, the two now sit down in person to discuss economic paradigm shifts, crypto and the future of online sovereignty and social coordination. |
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| <span class="button">[[ep11 | Previous Episode]]</span> <span class="button">[https://art19.com/shows/the-portal/episodes/777009b2-9a58-431f-9237-0581716107a8 Listen to Episode 12]</span> <span class="button">[[ep13 | Next Episode]]</span>
| | {{#widget:OmnyFMEpisode|show=the-portal|slug=12-vitalik-buterin-the-ethereal-prince-and-his-vir|width=65%}} |
| | {{#widget:YouTube|id=8TwNNgiNZ7Y}} |
| | [[File:ThePortal-Ep12 VitalikButerin-EricWeinstein.png|600px|thumb|Eric Weinstein (right) talking with Vitalik Buterin (left) on episode 12 of The Portal Podcast]] |
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| [[All Episodes]] | | == Sponsors == |
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| === Sponsors ===
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| | == Transcript == |
| | | {{no transcript blurb}} |
| Blinkist: blinkist.com/portal
| |
| | |
| === Transcript ===
| |
|
| |
|
| ==== Unedited Transcript ==== | | ==== Unedited Transcript ==== |
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| 0:00:07.130,0:00:11.130
| | Eric Weinstein 0:07 |
| hello you found the portal
| | Hello, you found the portal. I'm your host, Eric Weinstein, and I'm sitting here today with vitalik butor and the leader and founder of the Ethereum world of cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. Welcome to the portal. |
| | |
| 0:00:09.450,0:00:13.440
| |
| I'm your host Eric Weinstein and I'm | |
| | |
| 0:00:11.130,0:00:18.390
| |
| sitting here today with metallic beaut | |
| | |
| 0:00:13.440,0:00:20.850
| |
| uhrin the leader and a founder of the
| |
| | |
| 0:00:18.390,0:00:22.560
| |
| etherium world of cryptocurrencies and
| |
| | |
| 0:00:20.850,0:00:24.390
| |
| smart contracts welcome to the portal | |
| | |
| 0:00:22.560,0:00:27.240
| |
| thank you it's good to be here Eric it's
| |
| | |
| 0:00:24.390,0:00:28.740
| |
| terrific to have you now in general when
| |
| | |
| 0:00:27.240,0:00:30.480
| |
| I see you interviewed immediately
| |
| | |
| 0:00:28.740,0:00:32.850
| |
| everybody goes straight to crypto
| |
| | |
| 0:00:30.480,0:00:34.350
| |
| currencies in a Myriam but one of the
| |
| | |
| 0:00:32.850,0:00:37.469
| |
| things that I found fascinating about
| |
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| 0:00:34.350,0:00:40.800
| |
| your story is is that in order to be a
| |
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| 0:00:37.469,0:00:44.309
| |
| good steward of this new and emerging
| |
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| 0:00:40.800,0:00:46.950
| |
| economics you've actually applied
| |
| | |
| 0:00:44.309,0:00:49.620
| |
| yourself a great deal to standard and
| |
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| 0:00:46.950,0:00:52.980
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| regular economic theory and I was
| |
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| 0:00:49.620,0:00:55.710
| |
| curious if I understand correctly you
| |
| | |
| 0:00:52.980,0:00:57.719
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| dropped out of college after a year
| |
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| 0:00:55.710,0:00:59.160
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| you're self-taught in economics but
| |
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| 0:00:57.719,0:01:01.649
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| you've taken a real interest in
| |
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| 0:00:59.160,0:01:03.290
| |
| understanding how markets and economic
| |
| | |
| 0:01:01.649,0:01:06.450
| |
| theory work is that a fair description
| |
| | |
| 0:01:03.290,0:01:10.380
| |
| yeah I think so and economics has been
| |
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| 0:01:06.450,0:01:13.500
| |
| of an interest for me definitely for a
| |
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| 0:01:10.380,0:01:17.310
| |
| long time I mean when I discovered
| |
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| 0:01:13.500,0:01:18.720
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| Bitcoin back in 2011 and I was still in
| |
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| 0:01:17.310,0:01:21.960
| |
| high school it was this kind of
| |
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| 0:01:18.720,0:01:26.070
| |
| interesting confluence of ideas that I
| |
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| 0:01:21.960,0:01:28.740
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| was already pretty attracted to so open
| |
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| 0:01:26.070,0:01:30.299
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| source culture that was something that a
| |
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| 0:01:28.740,0:01:33.030
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| and a good friend from high school a
| |
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| 0:01:30.299,0:01:34.920
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| Christopher all I had already and if
| |
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| 0:01:33.030,0:01:38.369
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| indoctrinated me with really well I'm
| |
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| 0:01:34.920,0:01:42.540
| |
| the of the mathematical in cryptographic
| |
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| 0:01:38.369,0:01:45.240
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| aspects also libertarianism in Austrian
| |
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| 0:01:42.540,0:01:47.130
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| economics was kind of the zeitgeist of
| |
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| 0:01:45.240,0:01:49.710
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| the Bitcoin space at the day and those
| |
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| 0:01:47.130,0:01:53.280
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| were of ideas that I definitely have
| |
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| 0:01:49.710,0:01:56.250
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| found philosophically quite attractive
| |
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| 0:01:53.280,0:01:59.009
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| at that time and you know I was
| |
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| 0:01:56.250,0:02:01.979
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| definitely curious and I read a bunch of
| |
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| 0:01:59.009,0:02:03.899
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| books a yeah and read the Austrian
| |
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| 0:02:01.979,0:02:05.969
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| economics Kanaan because that's what the
| |
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| 0:02:03.899,0:02:09.810
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| Bitcoin people were kind of talking
| |
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| 0:02:05.969,0:02:12.090
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| about all day I read some kind of
| |
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| 0:02:09.810,0:02:13.170
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| behavioral economics literature Ariely
| |
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| 0:02:12.090,0:02:15.030
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| Kahneman and
| |
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| 0:02:13.170,0:02:17.940
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| Nakia D&E and all of those people just
| |
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| 0:02:15.030,0:02:22.770
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| because I knew that I had to read other
| |
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| 0:02:17.940,0:02:26.040
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| stuff for balance um and yeah and also
| |
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| 0:02:22.770,0:02:28.830
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| economics itself is a kind in pretty
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| 0:02:26.040,0:02:30.270
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| mathematical and I've subject well kind
| |
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| 0:02:28.830,0:02:33.840
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| of right it's it's on the borderline
| |
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| 0:02:30.270,0:02:35.880
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| because it's kind of both mathematical
| |
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| 0:02:33.840,0:02:37.709
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| and you got your curves and your
| |
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| 0:02:35.880,0:02:39.569
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| derivatives and your intersections but
| |
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| 0:02:37.709,0:02:42.500
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| also it's humanity is right it's like
| |
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| 0:02:39.569,0:02:46.140
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| really at this intersection of like both
| |
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| 0:02:42.500,0:02:48.330
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| figuring out how to apply these models
| |
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| 0:02:46.140,0:02:49.709
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| to and of specific cases and also trying
| |
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| 0:02:48.330,0:02:51.360
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| to figure out well which models are
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| 0:02:49.709,0:02:53.190
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| really correct in the first place and
| |
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| 0:02:51.360,0:02:54.989
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| like the first question you can't answer
| |
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| 0:02:53.190,0:02:57.600
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| with math but the second question you
| |
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| 0:02:54.989,0:02:58.470
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| really can't and you need other kinds of
| |
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| 0:02:57.600,0:03:01.769
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| thinking as well
| |
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| 0:02:58.470,0:03:05.630
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| well this is an area of my own interest
| |
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| 0:03:01.769,0:03:08.310
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| because the way I see it economics is
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| 0:03:05.630,0:03:10.560
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| odd in a way that very few people I
| |
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| 0:03:08.310,0:03:12.690
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| think have appreciated in that if we
| |
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| 0:03:10.560,0:03:15.269
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| take what could be argued to be our two
| |
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| 0:03:12.690,0:03:17.970
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| greatest ideas in scientific scientific
| |
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| 0:03:15.269,0:03:22.079
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| man let's say one would be sort of the
| |
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| 0:03:17.970,0:03:24.420
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| geometric dynamics of physics and
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| 0:03:22.079,0:03:27.480
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| economics has been constructed to be and
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| 0:03:24.420,0:03:30.180
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| as if physics if you will and on the
| |
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| 0:03:27.480,0:03:31.859
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| other hand and inherits from the theory
| |
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| 0:03:30.180,0:03:33.690
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| of selection you could say that markets
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| 0:03:31.859,0:03:35.850
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| are the continuation of systems of
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| 0:03:33.690,0:03:38.700
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| selective pressures by other means and
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| 0:03:35.850,0:03:42.329
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| so what happens when our two greatest
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| 0:03:38.700,0:03:45.420
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| ideas touch each other and they do it in
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| 0:03:42.329,0:03:47.370
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| a place which has very bizarre
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| 0:03:45.420,0:03:50.640
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| properties by my way of thinking that is
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| 0:03:47.370,0:03:52.890
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| that economists are on the one hand very
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| 0:03:50.640,0:03:54.510
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| rigorous thinkers and are also very
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| 0:03:52.890,0:03:57.180
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| susceptible to what we might call
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| 0:03:54.510,0:03:59.940
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| political economy and distorted thinking
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| 0:03:57.180,0:04:05.850
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| does that ring true to you yeah
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| 0:03:59.940,0:04:09.900
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| definitely there's definitely this kind
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| 0:04:05.850,0:04:12.060
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| of combination of I think for on the one
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| 0:04:09.900,0:04:15.139
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| hand you have these mathematical
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| 0:04:12.060,0:04:18.930
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| formulas and on the other hand these
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| 0:04:15.139,0:04:21.810
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| assumptions and often like the
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| 0:04:18.930,0:04:23.789
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| assumptions can be pretty pretty well
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| 0:04:21.810,0:04:26.510
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| hidden and they're kind of difficult to
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| 0:04:23.789,0:04:28.430
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| see at first glance right in
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| 0:04:26.510,0:04:32.230
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| like it really can be subtle right so
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| 0:04:28.430,0:04:34.220
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| like one of the arguments that
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| 0:04:32.230,0:04:35.690
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| economists tend to put forward is
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| 0:04:34.220,0:04:38.000
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| basically like mutually beneficial
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| 0:04:35.690,0:04:39.260
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| transactions are but are beneficial and
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| 0:04:38.000,0:04:43.190
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| so like we should not interfere with
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| 0:04:39.260,0:04:45.590
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| them right like if I have a client
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| 0:04:43.190,0:04:47.060
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| battle and I I want to sell you the
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| 0:04:45.590,0:04:49.430
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| Klein bottle you're willing to pay five
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| 0:04:47.060,0:04:50.870
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| dollars then I clearly value it at less
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| 0:04:49.430,0:04:52.340
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| than five dollars you evaluated more
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| 0:04:50.870,0:04:55.340
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| than five dollars therefore the
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| 0:04:52.340,0:04:57.350
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| transactions on net good and like I
| |
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| 0:04:55.340,0:04:58.280
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| therefore I should give you the bottle
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| 0:04:57.350,0:05:02.180
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| and you should give me the money and
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| 0:04:58.280,0:05:06.140
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| that's what we would do but at the the
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| 0:05:02.180,0:05:08.990
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| reasons why that 10 sometimes breaks
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| 0:05:06.140,0:05:10.640
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| down liquor in many ways more subtle
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| 0:05:08.990,0:05:13.550
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| right like first you have monopoly
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| 0:05:10.640,0:05:15.770
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| issues like if I'm the only person
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| 0:05:13.550,0:05:18.080
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| selling wine bottles then I might want
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| 0:05:15.770,0:05:19.580
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| to sell them at a yeah and a higher
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| 0:05:18.080,0:05:22.420
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| price than you'd be willing to accept
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| 0:05:19.580,0:05:24.920
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| because I want to extract more value and
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| 0:05:22.420,0:05:27.200
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| sometimes the things that matter most to
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| 0:05:24.920,0:05:29.360
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| society aren't things that we can
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| 0:05:27.200,0:05:31.340
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| transfer between people from one person
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| 0:05:29.360,0:05:33.230
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| to another like wine bottles but like
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| 0:05:31.340,0:05:35.540
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| public goods and like the biggest public
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| 0:05:33.230,0:05:39.170
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| good of all is sort of is the idea right
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| 0:05:35.540,0:05:40.820
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| and an idea well if I have an idea and I
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| 0:05:39.170,0:05:45.230
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| give you the idea I still have the idea
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| 0:05:40.820,0:05:47.240
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| so it's something that once you release
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| 0:05:45.230,0:05:49.070
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| it it's out there and there isn't this
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| 0:05:47.240,0:05:50.750
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| kind of property of that so you know
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| 0:05:49.070,0:05:54.470
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| should we just pause just briefly to
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| 0:05:50.750,0:05:56.450
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| talk about what a public good is yeah so
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| 0:05:54.470,0:05:58.220
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| a public good is technically defined
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| 0:05:56.450,0:06:01.250
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| within economics many people have an
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| 0:05:58.220,0:06:03.490
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| intuitive idea as something which is as
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| 0:06:01.250,0:06:05.830
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| you're stating has this property of
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| 0:06:03.490,0:06:09.020
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| inexhaustibility mm-hm
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| 0:06:05.830,0:06:10.130
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| and then the other attribute would be
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| 0:06:09.020,0:06:12.920
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| excludability
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| 0:06:10.130,0:06:14.360
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| which is non excludability formal sorry
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| 0:06:12.920,0:06:17.180
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| nuts non excludability
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| 0:06:14.360,0:06:20.630
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| sorry the the attribute of excludability
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| 0:06:17.180,0:06:24.910
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| and is used to define a public good so
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| 0:06:20.630,0:06:27.620
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| if something is inexhaustible and in
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| 0:06:24.910,0:06:30.520
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| excludable then it has this weird
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| 0:06:27.620,0:06:33.260
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| property that even hardline economists
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| 0:06:30.520,0:06:35.540
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| would agree that the market may fail to
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| 0:06:33.260,0:06:39.110
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| price in fact will fail to price the
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| 0:06:35.540,0:06:39.409
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| value to society of that object so there
| |
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| 0:06:39.110,0:06:42.169
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| is an
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| 0:06:39.409,0:06:44.269
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| mission within economics that there are
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| 0:06:42.169,0:06:49.519
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| zones of failure right
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| 0:06:44.269,0:06:52.580
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| well I guess the kind of the big kind of
| |
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| 0:06:49.519,0:06:54.409
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| rethinking that needs to happen is that
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| 0:06:52.580,0:06:56.719
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| there is a long been this kind of
| |
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| 0:06:54.409,0:06:58.429
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| site-geist to that private goods like
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| 0:06:56.719,0:07:00.050
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| things that I have and if I give it to
| |
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| 0:06:58.429,0:07:01.819
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| you I don't have it and you have it are
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| 0:07:00.050,0:07:04.729
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| the norm and public goods are a rare
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| 0:07:01.819,0:07:06.409
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| exception but like really public goods
| |
| | |
| 0:07:04.729,0:07:08.149
| |
| are pretty darn important right like if
| |
| | |
| 0:07:06.409,0:07:11.179
| |
| we didn't have public goods then we'd be
| |
| | |
| 0:07:08.149,0:07:12.829
| |
| a trading sticks and B and Bear pelts
| |
| | |
| 0:07:11.179,0:07:15.379
| |
| and we basically still be cavemen like
| |
| | |
| 0:07:12.829,0:07:18.519
| |
| they're basically the like an army would
| |
| | |
| 0:07:15.379,0:07:20.689
| |
| be a public yeah yeah and or me well
| |
| | |
| 0:07:18.519,0:07:23.539
| |
| armies are interesting cuz there are
| |
| | |
| 0:07:20.689,0:07:25.279
| |
| kind of to us like in a medium scale
| |
| | |
| 0:07:23.539,0:07:26.959
| |
| context or a public good and in the
| |
| | |
| 0:07:25.279,0:07:28.519
| |
| large-scale context or a public bad
| |
| | |
| 0:07:26.959,0:07:30.469
| |
| because if everyone's army is we're
| |
| | |
| 0:07:28.519,0:07:31.729
| |
| forced to be cut down by a factor of 10
| |
| | |
| 0:07:30.469,0:07:34.579
| |
| like we'd all be better off
| |
| | |
| 0:07:31.729,0:07:36.259
| |
| so economics is like really subtle that
| |
| | |
| 0:07:34.579,0:07:40.579
| |
| way especially once you have kind of two
| |
| | |
| 0:07:36.259,0:07:42.379
| |
| layers of scale I'd play sure now one
| |
| | |
| 0:07:40.579,0:07:45.050
| |
| thing that I worry a lot about that
| |
| | |
| 0:07:42.379,0:07:48.919
| |
| almost nobody seems to join me in is
| |
| | |
| 0:07:45.050,0:07:51.889
| |
| that in our mutual world I don't know
| |
| | |
| 0:07:48.919,0:07:54.769
| |
| what to call it of people who are
| |
| | |
| 0:07:51.889,0:07:57.019
| |
| experimenting with what I would say the
| |
| | |
| 0:07:54.769,0:08:00.199
| |
| mainstream would consider far out ideas
| |
| | |
| 0:07:57.019,0:08:03.649
| |
| like radical life extension crypto
| |
| | |
| 0:08:00.199,0:08:06.019
| |
| currencies is a you know potentially
| |
| | |
| 0:08:03.649,0:08:08.539
| |
| being rival risks with sovereign
| |
| | |
| 0:08:06.019,0:08:11.869
| |
| currencies but in our world we talk a
| |
| | |
| 0:08:08.539,0:08:14.239
| |
| lot about the abundance economy in a
| |
| | |
| 0:08:11.869,0:08:18.110
| |
| world of abundance and I'm terrified of
| |
| | |
| 0:08:14.239,0:08:20.599
| |
| a world of abundance because one of the
| |
| | |
| 0:08:18.110,0:08:23.629
| |
| properties that software has had is that
| |
| | |
| 0:08:20.599,0:08:25.729
| |
| it has replaced physical goods and
| |
| | |
| 0:08:23.629,0:08:30.649
| |
| services which have these attributes
| |
| | |
| 0:08:25.729,0:08:33.620
| |
| they are not public with small files and
| |
| | |
| 0:08:30.649,0:08:36.649
| |
| when a small file is not encrypted it
| |
| | |
| 0:08:33.620,0:08:40.659
| |
| has the attributes of a public good and
| |
| | |
| 0:08:36.649,0:08:44.480
| |
| therefore value and price can can castle
| |
| | |
| 0:08:40.659,0:08:46.850
| |
| that's terrifying because then this
| |
| | |
| 0:08:44.480,0:08:49.370
| |
| weird thing of markets which allows us
| |
| | |
| 0:08:46.850,0:08:51.559
| |
| respite from dictatorship in somebody
| |
| | |
| 0:08:49.370,0:08:52.970
| |
| directing our activities and allows us
| |
| | |
| 0:08:51.559,0:08:55.339
| |
| to self-direct goes
| |
| | |
| 0:08:52.970,0:08:58.069
| |
| away because things can't be priced
| |
| | |
| 0:08:55.339,0:09:00.379
| |
| accurately are you do you have any does
| |
| | |
| 0:08:58.069,0:09:03.769
| |
| that have any purchase on your thinking
| |
| | |
| 0:09:00.379,0:09:05.779
| |
| yeah so and I think give definitely you
| |
| | |
| 0:09:03.769,0:09:08.060
| |
| kind of struck at a very important point
| |
| | |
| 0:09:05.779,0:09:11.149
| |
| though I think and if my own framing of
| |
| | |
| 0:09:08.060,0:09:14.449
| |
| the point is slightly different no I
| |
| | |
| 0:09:11.149,0:09:16.819
| |
| think like first of all like you start
| |
| | |
| 0:09:14.449,0:09:18.680
| |
| off by think by realizing that kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:09:16.819,0:09:20.149
| |
| private property and things is not
| |
| | |
| 0:09:18.680,0:09:23.029
| |
| something that fell out of the sky it's
| |
| | |
| 0:09:20.149,0:09:26.000
| |
| a social technology right it's that we
| |
| | |
| 0:09:23.029,0:09:30.560
| |
| have these kind of norms that basically
| |
| | |
| 0:09:26.000,0:09:34.100
| |
| say oh you kid we will create this kind
| |
| | |
| 0:09:30.560,0:09:35.930
| |
| of mapping from objects to people and if
| |
| | |
| 0:09:34.100,0:09:37.519
| |
| an object as maps to you then you're
| |
| | |
| 0:09:35.930,0:09:38.810
| |
| allowed to do basically whatever the
| |
| | |
| 0:09:37.519,0:09:40.550
| |
| hell you want with it and other people
| |
| | |
| 0:09:38.810,0:09:41.060
| |
| cannot do anything with it without your
| |
| | |
| 0:09:40.550,0:09:44.980
| |
| permission
| |
| | |
| 0:09:41.060,0:09:47.240
| |
| and if that concept did not exist then
| |
| | |
| 0:09:44.980,0:09:50.149
| |
| physical objects would be public goods
| |
| | |
| 0:09:47.240,0:09:51.829
| |
| right because like if there's a klein
| |
| | |
| 0:09:50.149,0:09:53.600
| |
| bottle over here the Quine bottle would
| |
| | |
| 0:09:51.829,0:09:56.629
| |
| be there but like really anyone could
| |
| | |
| 0:09:53.600,0:09:58.759
| |
| take it and if you produce wine bottles
| |
| | |
| 0:09:56.629,0:10:00.230
| |
| then like you're not producing something
| |
| | |
| 0:09:58.759,0:10:01.699
| |
| for yourself you're producing something
| |
| | |
| 0:10:00.230,0:10:04.180
| |
| for pretty much different the first
| |
| | |
| 0:10:01.699,0:10:07.370
| |
| person who comes along and grabs it and
| |
| | |
| 0:10:04.180,0:10:10.370
| |
| so property rights right are this kind
| |
| | |
| 0:10:07.370,0:10:14.000
| |
| of social technology that helps make a
| |
| | |
| 0:10:10.370,0:10:15.410
| |
| private good economy is tractable and we
| |
| | |
| 0:10:14.000,0:10:17.149
| |
| could consider making social
| |
| | |
| 0:10:15.410,0:10:18.769
| |
| technologies to make public great
| |
| | |
| 0:10:17.149,0:10:21.309
| |
| economies tractable right like the
| |
| | |
| 0:10:18.769,0:10:24.079
| |
| existence of public goods by itself is
| |
| | |
| 0:10:21.309,0:10:26.360
| |
| and it's not good or bad like arguably
| |
| | |
| 0:10:24.079,0:10:28.040
| |
| it's even good because it means that
| |
| | |
| 0:10:26.360,0:10:30.649
| |
| people can't cooperate with each other
| |
| | |
| 0:10:28.040,0:10:33.620
| |
| on such large scales the bad thing is
| |
| | |
| 0:10:30.649,0:10:35.120
| |
| that we don't really have good tools for
| |
| | |
| 0:10:33.620,0:10:37.819
| |
| handling it and specifically we don't
| |
| | |
| 0:10:35.120,0:10:42.620
| |
| have good tools for handling yet that
| |
| | |
| 0:10:37.819,0:10:45.410
| |
| managed to simultaneously avoid both not
| |
| | |
| 0:10:42.620,0:10:48.199
| |
| giving good results and like basically
| |
| | |
| 0:10:45.410,0:10:51.230
| |
| being centralized in dictatorial and so
| |
| | |
| 0:10:48.199,0:10:53.389
| |
| this is where my interest in radical
| |
| | |
| 0:10:51.230,0:10:55.160
| |
| exchange comes in so this was this a
| |
| | |
| 0:10:53.389,0:10:57.949
| |
| movement that was started by gone while
| |
| | |
| 0:10:55.160,0:11:00.889
| |
| a couple of years ago when he wrote this
| |
| | |
| 0:10:57.949,0:11:02.630
| |
| a radical markets book and he advanced
| |
| | |
| 0:11:00.889,0:11:04.639
| |
| some of his proposals like harberger
| |
| | |
| 0:11:02.630,0:11:05.860
| |
| taxes and a quadratic voting were the
| |
| | |
| 0:11:04.639,0:11:09.670
| |
| ones that
| |
| | |
| 0:11:05.860,0:11:12.579
| |
| and of the most popular and the and of
| |
| | |
| 0:11:09.670,0:11:15.750
| |
| the core and if idea behind the ideas
| |
| | |
| 0:11:12.579,0:11:18.160
| |
| basically as like let's creates
| |
| | |
| 0:11:15.750,0:11:21.279
| |
| structures of kind of norms and
| |
| | |
| 0:11:18.160,0:11:22.690
| |
| incentives that try to have the best
| |
| | |
| 0:11:21.279,0:11:27.339
| |
| properties that we can get out of
| |
| | |
| 0:11:22.690,0:11:30.010
| |
| markets but do you do so without like
| |
| | |
| 0:11:27.339,0:11:32.200
| |
| basically economically breaking in the
| |
| | |
| 0:11:30.010,0:11:34.839
| |
| way that we know and if existing
| |
| | |
| 0:11:32.200,0:11:36.730
| |
| property right systems do once you enter
| |
| | |
| 0:11:34.839,0:11:38.350
| |
| a world where none of everything that
| |
| | |
| 0:11:36.730,0:11:40.839
| |
| you build just inherently affects
| |
| | |
| 0:11:38.350,0:11:42.670
| |
| millions of people well this is this is
| |
| | |
| 0:11:40.839,0:11:45.760
| |
| an interesting perspective you of course
| |
| | |
| 0:11:42.670,0:11:48.490
| |
| are famous for implementing this
| |
| | |
| 0:11:45.760,0:11:50.709
| |
| aetherium protocol but before we ever
| |
| | |
| 0:11:48.490,0:11:53.829
| |
| get to computer protocols there are sort
| |
| | |
| 0:11:50.709,0:11:55.450
| |
| of legal and structural protocols that
| |
| | |
| 0:11:53.829,0:11:57.820
| |
| we impose upon ourselves in the form of
| |
| | |
| 0:11:55.450,0:12:01.570
| |
| government and markets that are
| |
| | |
| 0:11:57.820,0:12:06.089
| |
| subordinate to government and there's a
| |
| | |
| 0:12:01.570,0:12:09.390
| |
| weird way in which you may start a
| |
| | |
| 0:12:06.089,0:12:12.610
| |
| process by which you write down rules
| |
| | |
| 0:12:09.390,0:12:15.370
| |
| for how a society should function but
| |
| | |
| 0:12:12.610,0:12:17.589
| |
| once those rules are written down you
| |
| | |
| 0:12:15.370,0:12:19.930
| |
| may discover all sorts of unintended
| |
| | |
| 0:12:17.589,0:12:23.110
| |
| properties of that rule set and there's
| |
| | |
| 0:12:19.930,0:12:26.860
| |
| a real question can we actually unhook
| |
| | |
| 0:12:23.110,0:12:32.290
| |
| ourselves from the killer app that is
| |
| | |
| 0:12:26.860,0:12:34.209
| |
| capitalism or American democracy and if
| |
| | |
| 0:12:32.290,0:12:39.279
| |
| we start to realize that that app is
| |
| | |
| 0:12:34.209,0:12:41.470
| |
| running out of control I guess in for
| |
| | |
| 0:12:39.279,0:12:44.230
| |
| and of myself as a enough social
| |
| | |
| 0:12:41.470,0:12:46.029
| |
| technologist and I definitely don't
| |
| | |
| 0:12:44.230,0:12:48.370
| |
| think that we should be kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:12:46.029,0:12:51.550
| |
| overturning entire countries with the
| |
| | |
| 0:12:48.370,0:12:53.459
| |
| new mechanisms overnight I think and I
| |
| | |
| 0:12:51.550,0:12:58.360
| |
| was insinuating oh definitely I think
| |
| | |
| 0:12:53.459,0:13:00.490
| |
| like that's figuring out how to kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:12:58.360,0:13:02.500
| |
| solve like grand problems of humanity is
| |
| | |
| 0:13:00.490,0:13:04.690
| |
| a long-term goal but I mean sure term
| |
| | |
| 0:13:02.500,0:13:08.320
| |
| goals are there is definitely can make
| |
| | |
| 0:13:04.690,0:13:11.610
| |
| better right so I and this is actually
| |
| | |
| 0:13:08.320,0:13:13.870
| |
| part of why I find a cryptocurrency and
| |
| | |
| 0:13:11.610,0:13:17.140
| |
| blockchains interesting because they are
| |
| | |
| 0:13:13.870,0:13:18.810
| |
| in a lot of ways this ideal ground for
| |
| | |
| 0:13:17.140,0:13:22.500
| |
| economic experimentation
| |
| | |
| 0:13:18.810,0:13:26.310
| |
| different types great so I to give one
| |
| | |
| 0:13:22.500,0:13:28.590
| |
| concrete example and in so one of the
| |
| | |
| 0:13:26.310,0:13:30.360
| |
| ideas that go on while and myself have
| |
| | |
| 0:13:28.590,0:13:33.050
| |
| come up with and are pushing forward is
| |
| | |
| 0:13:30.360,0:13:36.510
| |
| something called quadratic funding and
| |
| | |
| 0:13:33.050,0:13:39.779
| |
| the way that quadratic funding works is
| |
| | |
| 0:13:36.510,0:13:41.970
| |
| roughly this right so you have a central
| |
| | |
| 0:13:39.779,0:13:43.470
| |
| kind of pool of funding and you could
| |
| | |
| 0:13:41.970,0:13:44.820
| |
| imagine this coming from a government
| |
| | |
| 0:13:43.470,0:13:46.620
| |
| you could imagine this coming from
| |
| | |
| 0:13:44.820,0:13:50.330
| |
| wealthy donors you could imagine it just
| |
| | |
| 0:13:46.620,0:13:52.740
| |
| in being put together by some like
| |
| | |
| 0:13:50.330,0:13:55.860
| |
| crypto economic protocol it could come
| |
| | |
| 0:13:52.740,0:13:58.770
| |
| from anywhere and then you allow people
| |
| | |
| 0:13:55.860,0:14:01.410
| |
| to basically set up projects and you
| |
| | |
| 0:13:58.770,0:14:03.180
| |
| what people say I have a project here is
| |
| | |
| 0:14:01.410,0:14:05.700
| |
| something that I'm doing and if you like
| |
| | |
| 0:14:03.180,0:14:07.980
| |
| this then you can donate to me and give
| |
| | |
| 0:14:05.700,0:14:10.529
| |
| what people donate to projects and then
| |
| | |
| 0:14:07.980,0:14:13.440
| |
| the core of the mechanism is basically
| |
| | |
| 0:14:10.529,0:14:15.120
| |
| that if there is a projects and multiple
| |
| | |
| 0:14:13.440,0:14:17.700
| |
| people donate to so there's some
| |
| | |
| 0:14:15.120,0:14:20.880
| |
| projects you donate to it and someone
| |
| | |
| 0:14:17.700,0:14:23.370
| |
| else donates to it as well then your
| |
| | |
| 0:14:20.880,0:14:24.839
| |
| donation doesn't just benefit you it
| |
| | |
| 0:14:23.370,0:14:26.339
| |
| also benefits the other person and the
| |
| | |
| 0:14:24.839,0:14:28.740
| |
| other person's donation doesn't just
| |
| | |
| 0:14:26.339,0:14:31.560
| |
| benefit them it also benefits you and so
| |
| | |
| 0:14:28.740,0:14:33.180
| |
| to kind of counteract that kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:14:31.560,0:14:35.700
| |
| market failure the mechanism basically
| |
| | |
| 0:14:33.180,0:14:37.650
| |
| says well we're gonna multiply the
| |
| | |
| 0:14:35.700,0:14:38.850
| |
| effect of your donation by two and
| |
| | |
| 0:14:37.650,0:14:41.790
| |
| multiply the effect of the other
| |
| | |
| 0:14:38.850,0:14:43.380
| |
| person's donation by two and so now both
| |
| | |
| 0:14:41.790,0:14:45.510
| |
| of your incentives are kind of aligned
| |
| | |
| 0:14:43.380,0:14:47.430
| |
| with the whole and you extend this
| |
| | |
| 0:14:45.510,0:14:48.990
| |
| mechanism so instead of supporting two
| |
| | |
| 0:14:47.430,0:14:51.150
| |
| people it supports an arbitrary number
| |
| | |
| 0:14:48.990,0:14:53.430
| |
| of people and you kind of calculate
| |
| | |
| 0:14:51.150,0:14:57.630
| |
| these subsidies across all possible
| |
| | |
| 0:14:53.430,0:14:59.370
| |
| pairs of people and what you get is this
| |
| | |
| 0:14:57.630,0:15:00.930
| |
| formula that basically says you let
| |
| | |
| 0:14:59.370,0:15:02.820
| |
| people donate to different projects you
| |
| | |
| 0:15:00.930,0:15:04.890
| |
| look at how many people donated and how
| |
| | |
| 0:15:02.820,0:15:06.870
| |
| much money you've donated and based on
| |
| | |
| 0:15:04.890,0:15:09.330
| |
| this from the central pool of funding
| |
| | |
| 0:15:06.870,0:15:11.880
| |
| you give this extra subsidy and so it
| |
| | |
| 0:15:09.330,0:15:16.650
| |
| basically is like a market for public
| |
| | |
| 0:15:11.880,0:15:18.480
| |
| goods right and in the etherium
| |
| | |
| 0:15:16.650,0:15:20.190
| |
| ecosystem there is something called that
| |
| | |
| 0:15:18.480,0:15:22.440
| |
| get coin grants where we've basically
| |
| | |
| 0:15:20.190,0:15:25.589
| |
| started like trying to use this
| |
| | |
| 0:15:22.440,0:15:27.510
| |
| mechanism to fund public goods inside
| |
| | |
| 0:15:25.589,0:15:30.209
| |
| the etherium ecosystem right so this
| |
| | |
| 0:15:27.510,0:15:32.670
| |
| could be implementations of the etherium
| |
| | |
| 0:15:30.209,0:15:34.320
| |
| protocol it could be scaling solutions
| |
| | |
| 0:15:32.670,0:15:37.530
| |
| could be wallets it could be educational
| |
| | |
| 0:15:34.320,0:15:39.830
| |
| resources and we've had a and of tests
| |
| | |
| 0:15:37.530,0:15:42.120
| |
| around recently with about and if
| |
| | |
| 0:15:39.830,0:15:44.340
| |
| $200,000 in this central matching pool
| |
| | |
| 0:15:42.120,0:15:47.010
| |
| and it recently finished and you can go
| |
| | |
| 0:15:44.340,0:15:49.410
| |
| to a get coin dot Co slash grants to see
| |
| | |
| 0:15:47.010,0:15:51.210
| |
| the results and we got contributions
| |
| | |
| 0:15:49.410,0:15:52.890
| |
| from hundreds of people and the results
| |
| | |
| 0:15:51.210,0:15:56.750
| |
| a gave were actually pretty reasonable
| |
| | |
| 0:15:52.890,0:16:00.240
| |
| so in tests yeah and and so I I think
| |
| | |
| 0:15:56.750,0:16:03.360
| |
| cerium could have a lot of value is and
| |
| | |
| 0:16:00.240,0:16:05.150
| |
| just being a test net in bed for and
| |
| | |
| 0:16:03.360,0:16:07.980
| |
| decentralized governance and
| |
| | |
| 0:16:05.150,0:16:10.200
| |
| decentralized public good funding
| |
| | |
| 0:16:07.980,0:16:12.360
| |
| infrastructure of this kind well I think
| |
| | |
| 0:16:10.200,0:16:13.860
| |
| that that's fascinating I guess one of
| |
| | |
| 0:16:12.360,0:16:16.620
| |
| the ways in which I would understand
| |
| | |
| 0:16:13.860,0:16:18.570
| |
| that is you know when my wife who's an
| |
| | |
| 0:16:16.620,0:16:21.150
| |
| economist and I talk about this stuff we
| |
| | |
| 0:16:18.570,0:16:23.250
| |
| often talk about a market democracy has
| |
| | |
| 0:16:21.150,0:16:25.230
| |
| these two voting systems one is one
| |
| | |
| 0:16:23.250,0:16:25.980
| |
| dollar one vote and the other is one
| |
| | |
| 0:16:25.230,0:16:27.480
| |
| person one vote
| |
| | |
| 0:16:25.980,0:16:30.530
| |
| theoretically anyway even if that's
| |
| | |
| 0:16:27.480,0:16:33.030
| |
| honor only in the debris I and like
| |
| | |
| 0:16:30.530,0:16:35.040
| |
| liberal democracy does this horrible
| |
| | |
| 0:16:33.030,0:16:36.570
| |
| thing of like treating these s opposite
| |
| | |
| 0:16:35.040,0:16:37.920
| |
| poles where something is either one or
| |
| | |
| 0:16:36.570,0:16:39.270
| |
| the other and they're and they're often
| |
| | |
| 0:16:37.920,0:16:41.370
| |
| fighting each other one really
| |
| | |
| 0:16:39.270,0:16:41.700
| |
| everything's a spectrum and I like that
| |
| | |
| 0:16:41.370,0:16:43.470
| |
| a lot
| |
| | |
| 0:16:41.700,0:16:45.870
| |
| I mean an another thing that we've been
| |
| | |
| 0:16:43.470,0:16:48.410
| |
| discussing recently and this again is
| |
| | |
| 0:16:45.870,0:16:51.510
| |
| sort of drink with with Pia Milani is
| |
| | |
| 0:16:48.410,0:16:54.060
| |
| thinking about the Chicago approximation
| |
| | |
| 0:16:51.510,0:16:56.430
| |
| you've got some reality that's
| |
| | |
| 0:16:54.060,0:16:59.220
| |
| incredibly nonlinear and complicated and
| |
| | |
| 0:16:56.430,0:17:01.110
| |
| then weirdly yeah in a one of these
| |
| | |
| 0:16:59.220,0:17:03.990
| |
| famous instances where the map is not
| |
| | |
| 0:17:01.110,0:17:07.310
| |
| the territory you take this incredibly
| |
| | |
| 0:17:03.990,0:17:09.210
| |
| simplified world where agents have this
| |
| | |
| 0:17:07.310,0:17:10.830
| |
| properties you can't even believe you
| |
| | |
| 0:17:09.210,0:17:12.990
| |
| would ascribe to a human being where you
| |
| | |
| 0:17:10.830,0:17:16.080
| |
| thought Homo economicus and you it's
| |
| | |
| 0:17:12.990,0:17:18.270
| |
| perfectly rational and it it has all of
| |
| | |
| 0:17:16.080,0:17:20.610
| |
| these characteristics like an automaton
| |
| | |
| 0:17:18.270,0:17:24.060
| |
| that only makes rational decisions and
| |
| | |
| 0:17:20.610,0:17:26.280
| |
| then you impose that like through law
| |
| | |
| 0:17:24.060,0:17:29.550
| |
| and economics programs and suddenly
| |
| | |
| 0:17:26.280,0:17:32.280
| |
| you've distorted your society by taking
| |
| | |
| 0:17:29.550,0:17:34.530
| |
| the map as the territory so seriously
| |
| | |
| 0:17:32.280,0:17:38.720
| |
| that you don't realize that you're
| |
| | |
| 0:17:34.530,0:17:44.040
| |
| destroying something and distorting yeah
| |
| | |
| 0:17:38.720,0:17:46.500
| |
| no that's definitely and I think it's a
| |
| | |
| 0:17:44.040,0:17:49.140
| |
| social it's one approximation
| |
| | |
| 0:17:46.500,0:17:50.820
| |
| and you mean we're never going to have
| |
| | |
| 0:17:49.140,0:17:52.860
| |
| approximations that are perfect because
| |
| | |
| 0:17:50.820,0:17:54.210
| |
| the world is just so we're glad to hear
| |
| | |
| 0:17:52.860,0:17:58.169
| |
| that yeah and the world is just so
| |
| | |
| 0:17:54.210,0:18:01.140
| |
| complicated and so even rapidly changing
| |
| | |
| 0:17:58.169,0:18:03.419
| |
| in a 21st century like aprox in all
| |
| | |
| 0:18:01.140,0:18:05.070
| |
| approximations are bullshit but like you
| |
| | |
| 0:18:03.419,0:18:06.480
| |
| have to find a couple of good ones that
| |
| | |
| 0:18:05.070,0:18:07.980
| |
| work reasonably well and make progress
| |
| | |
| 0:18:06.480,0:18:09.419
| |
| for us and I think that one of the
| |
| | |
| 0:18:07.980,0:18:11.760
| |
| things that's unfairly done to
| |
| | |
| 0:18:09.419,0:18:13.830
| |
| cryptocurrencies is that we expect them
| |
| | |
| 0:18:11.760,0:18:16.919
| |
| to solve all of the problems that
| |
| | |
| 0:18:13.830,0:18:19.110
| |
| already cropped up yes in our forms of
| |
| | |
| 0:18:16.919,0:18:21.870
| |
| governance and our forms of currency in
| |
| | |
| 0:18:19.110,0:18:24.559
| |
| exchange in court systems and that what
| |
| | |
| 0:18:21.870,0:18:27.090
| |
| we should be asking of them is to be
| |
| | |
| 0:18:24.559,0:18:30.570
| |
| improvements or to augment mm-hmm
| |
| | |
| 0:18:27.090,0:18:34.470
| |
| already existing systems now one of the
| |
| | |
| 0:18:30.570,0:18:37.380
| |
| odd things about governance is we could
| |
| | |
| 0:18:34.470,0:18:41.400
| |
| view you as in some sense starting a
| |
| | |
| 0:18:37.380,0:18:44.940
| |
| rival virtual country that has a legal
| |
| | |
| 0:18:41.400,0:18:46.919
| |
| system because the etherium I don't know
| |
| | |
| 0:18:44.940,0:18:48.390
| |
| what to call it Network platform
| |
| | |
| 0:18:46.919,0:18:50.610
| |
| protocol
| |
| | |
| 0:18:48.390,0:18:52.710
| |
| yeah rules coins and it has the right to
| |
| | |
| 0:18:50.610,0:18:55.409
| |
| reassign those coins and not only that
| |
| | |
| 0:18:52.710,0:18:56.580
| |
| but it has a stand-in for the legal
| |
| | |
| 0:18:55.409,0:19:03.059
| |
| system in the form of what are called
| |
| | |
| 0:18:56.580,0:19:06.090
| |
| smart contracts mmm-hmm normally a we
| |
| | |
| 0:19:03.059,0:19:08.400
| |
| have this concept in governance I guess
| |
| | |
| 0:19:06.090,0:19:10.559
| |
| it goes back to Weber that a government
| |
| | |
| 0:19:08.400,0:19:12.960
| |
| is supposed to be a monopoly on violence
| |
| | |
| 0:19:10.559,0:19:15.570
| |
| which is an odd definition that you
| |
| | |
| 0:19:12.960,0:19:18.330
| |
| recover the concept of government from
| |
| | |
| 0:19:15.570,0:19:21.059
| |
| monopolizing violence and then you you
| |
| | |
| 0:19:18.330,0:19:23.240
| |
| sort of unearth and and unpack all of
| |
| | |
| 0:19:21.059,0:19:25.980
| |
| the features of government from that one
| |
| | |
| 0:19:23.240,0:19:28.890
| |
| generating function in some sense a
| |
| | |
| 0:19:25.980,0:19:31.890
| |
| cryptocurrency and smart contracts
| |
| | |
| 0:19:28.890,0:19:35.220
| |
| derive from math rather than violence
| |
| | |
| 0:19:31.890,0:19:37.799
| |
| they derive from math and social
| |
| | |
| 0:19:35.220,0:19:39.630
| |
| consensus right I love the fact that I
| |
| | |
| 0:19:37.799,0:19:41.549
| |
| was gonna get to that but I know I guess
| |
| | |
| 0:19:39.630,0:19:43.440
| |
| this is important right because like for
| |
| | |
| 0:19:41.549,0:19:45.299
| |
| example you know you have the Bitcoin
| |
| | |
| 0:19:43.440,0:19:47.130
| |
| blockchain and then you have the
| |
| | |
| 0:19:45.299,0:19:49.500
| |
| litecoin blockchain which operates under
| |
| | |
| 0:19:47.130,0:19:51.090
| |
| ik almost exactly the set at the same
| |
| | |
| 0:19:49.500,0:19:53.730
| |
| set of rules as the Bitcoin blockchain
| |
| | |
| 0:19:51.090,0:19:55.500
| |
| and yet the Bitcoin blockchain has a
| |
| | |
| 0:19:53.730,0:19:56.760
| |
| hundred million dollar market cap and
| |
| | |
| 0:19:55.500,0:19:58.289
| |
| the white coin blockchain has a three
| |
| | |
| 0:19:56.760,0:20:00.510
| |
| billion dollar market cap or something
| |
| | |
| 0:19:58.289,0:20:04.110
| |
| like that and much less usage so
| |
| | |
| 0:20:00.510,0:20:06.750
| |
| like blog Chin's are definitely not just
| |
| | |
| 0:20:04.110,0:20:08.730
| |
| math and technology math and technology
| |
| | |
| 0:20:06.750,0:20:10.560
| |
| are the substrate and maybe in the same
| |
| | |
| 0:20:08.730,0:20:12.090
| |
| way that the military is like the
| |
| | |
| 0:20:10.560,0:20:15.600
| |
| substrate of keeping a country together
| |
| | |
| 0:20:12.090,0:20:18.600
| |
| but they're including police force yeah
| |
| | |
| 0:20:15.600,0:20:19.740
| |
| exactly but like they're the substrate
| |
| | |
| 0:20:18.600,0:20:22.230
| |
| but they're not the country right the
| |
| | |
| 0:20:19.740,0:20:25.020
| |
| country is the community well and this
| |
| | |
| 0:20:22.230,0:20:28.620
| |
| goes to what I would love to get into
| |
| | |
| 0:20:25.020,0:20:31.230
| |
| you with love to get into with you which
| |
| | |
| 0:20:28.620,0:20:34.260
| |
| is the way in which different utopian
| |
| | |
| 0:20:31.230,0:20:37.230
| |
| dreams collide in the space of
| |
| | |
| 0:20:34.260,0:20:40.110
| |
| cryptocurrencies so for example there
| |
| | |
| 0:20:37.230,0:20:42.810
| |
| are some dreams that may sound more like
| |
| | |
| 0:20:40.110,0:20:44.880
| |
| what I assume you may be active in the
| |
| | |
| 0:20:42.810,0:20:46.710
| |
| effective altruism community is that a
| |
| | |
| 0:20:44.880,0:20:48.300
| |
| possibility yeah
| |
| | |
| 0:20:46.710,0:20:51.720
| |
| which tries to figure how to do the most
| |
| | |
| 0:20:48.300,0:20:55.110
| |
| good to do good efficiently rather than
| |
| | |
| 0:20:51.720,0:20:57.750
| |
| sanctimoniously there are other people
| |
| | |
| 0:20:55.110,0:21:00.420
| |
| who have this idea of I just want to
| |
| | |
| 0:20:57.750,0:21:01.950
| |
| retreat from other human beings and I
| |
| | |
| 0:21:00.420,0:21:04.080
| |
| want to be left alone it want to be
| |
| | |
| 0:21:01.950,0:21:06.900
| |
| taxed I don't to be told what to do very
| |
| | |
| 0:21:04.080,0:21:08.550
| |
| strong libertarian perspective sometimes
| |
| | |
| 0:21:06.900,0:21:10.440
| |
| those people are the same people there's
| |
| | |
| 0:21:08.550,0:21:12.000
| |
| two kinds of libertarians there's well
| |
| | |
| 0:21:10.440,0:21:14.100
| |
| there's many ways that's what Albertans
| |
| | |
| 0:21:12.000,0:21:15.750
| |
| is the two kinds but like there's the
| |
| | |
| 0:21:14.100,0:21:17.640
| |
| leave me alone type and then there's the
| |
| | |
| 0:21:15.750,0:21:21.720
| |
| kind of conquer the world type right the
| |
| | |
| 0:21:17.640,0:21:24.330
| |
| kind that kind of relishes seeing fiat
| |
| | |
| 0:21:21.720,0:21:28.620
| |
| currencies be destroyed and replaced by
| |
| | |
| 0:21:24.330,0:21:32.070
| |
| Bitcoin and it's kind of you know
| |
| | |
| 0:21:28.620,0:21:35.790
| |
| creating a thousand a year kind of reign
| |
| | |
| 0:21:32.070,0:21:40.020
| |
| of sound money that in I mean I
| |
| | |
| 0:21:35.790,0:21:42.000
| |
| generally have this kind of instincts
| |
| | |
| 0:21:40.020,0:21:43.890
| |
| that like when someone says that like we
| |
| | |
| 0:21:42.000,0:21:45.630
| |
| should impose a lot of short-term
| |
| | |
| 0:21:43.890,0:21:47.160
| |
| disruption and harm on the entire world
| |
| | |
| 0:21:45.630,0:21:48.240
| |
| for the sake of some nebulous a long
| |
| | |
| 0:21:47.160,0:21:51.000
| |
| term gain that's something to be
| |
| | |
| 0:21:48.240,0:21:53.400
| |
| skeptical of but so I'm not gonna rely
| |
| | |
| 0:21:51.000,0:21:55.530
| |
| on the word skeptical mmm-hmm you're
| |
| | |
| 0:21:53.400,0:21:59.010
| |
| using an extreme form of understatement
| |
| | |
| 0:21:55.530,0:22:02.730
| |
| yeah yeah and so I mean I'm definitely
| |
| | |
| 0:21:59.010,0:22:04.910
| |
| not in in the camp that had of actively
| |
| | |
| 0:22:02.730,0:22:09.060
| |
| relishes like fiat currency is being
| |
| | |
| 0:22:04.910,0:22:11.250
| |
| destroyed but meanders and I definitely
| |
| | |
| 0:22:09.060,0:22:13.530
| |
| don't think that all bitcoiners do it
| |
| | |
| 0:22:11.250,0:22:17.010
| |
| like there is some that do see it as
| |
| | |
| 0:22:13.530,0:22:18.840
| |
| and of a something that's supposed to
| |
| | |
| 0:22:17.010,0:22:21.180
| |
| coexist and something that's supposed to
| |
| | |
| 0:22:18.840,0:22:22.680
| |
| provide a check and balance against the
| |
| | |
| 0:22:21.180,0:22:25.770
| |
| government's monopoly on issuing money
| |
| | |
| 0:22:22.680,0:22:27.240
| |
| without replacing it entirely so you
| |
| | |
| 0:22:25.770,0:22:28.680
| |
| know there are there's definitely enough
| |
| | |
| 0:22:27.240,0:22:31.200
| |
| different visions within individual
| |
| | |
| 0:22:28.680,0:22:34.230
| |
| communities there's different visions
| |
| | |
| 0:22:31.200,0:22:36.570
| |
| between different communities you know
| |
| | |
| 0:22:34.230,0:22:38.610
| |
| in it there's it's not just visions
| |
| | |
| 0:22:36.570,0:22:40.080
| |
| about what cryptocurrencies should do to
| |
| | |
| 0:22:38.610,0:22:42.600
| |
| the world it's also in your visions
| |
| | |
| 0:22:40.080,0:22:44.220
| |
| about like what how cryptocurrencies
| |
| | |
| 0:22:42.600,0:22:47.370
| |
| should work internally and what they
| |
| | |
| 0:22:44.220,0:22:50.060
| |
| should do to each other so like that in
| |
| | |
| 0:22:47.370,0:22:52.830
| |
| that sense I guess like a
| |
| | |
| 0:22:50.060,0:22:54.780
| |
| cryptocurrencies are interesting in in
| |
| | |
| 0:22:52.830,0:22:56.250
| |
| ball chains not just because of like
| |
| | |
| 0:22:54.780,0:22:58.830
| |
| what they can do in the world but also
| |
| | |
| 0:22:56.250,0:23:01.470
| |
| just as this and if microcosm of the
| |
| | |
| 0:22:58.830,0:23:03.630
| |
| world all into themselves I mean like we
| |
| | |
| 0:23:01.470,0:23:06.060
| |
| talked about country virtual countries
| |
| | |
| 0:23:03.630,0:23:07.440
| |
| but you know there there's many virtual
| |
| | |
| 0:23:06.060,0:23:09.240
| |
| countries now there's over fourteen
| |
| | |
| 0:23:07.440,0:23:12.930
| |
| hundred on coin market cap and they have
| |
| | |
| 0:23:09.240,0:23:16.050
| |
| some analog of you do think of them as
| |
| | |
| 0:23:12.930,0:23:18.950
| |
| virtual countries it's singing all
| |
| | |
| 0:23:16.050,0:23:21.210
| |
| models are bullshit but some are useful
| |
| | |
| 0:23:18.950,0:23:28.110
| |
| but to the extent of the country is a
| |
| | |
| 0:23:21.210,0:23:32.240
| |
| sensible thing to yes yeah yeah yeah so
| |
| | |
| 0:23:28.110,0:23:38.700
| |
| in that world where we're dealing with
| |
| | |
| 0:23:32.240,0:23:41.490
| |
| often very radical individualism and a
| |
| | |
| 0:23:38.700,0:23:44.880
| |
| very strong sense that there is
| |
| | |
| 0:23:41.490,0:23:48.060
| |
| something wrong with the coercive aspect
| |
| | |
| 0:23:44.880,0:23:51.350
| |
| of a government do you worry that
| |
| | |
| 0:23:48.060,0:23:57.290
| |
| something that you have given birth to
| |
| | |
| 0:23:51.350,0:24:02.240
| |
| may start to behave in very different
| |
| | |
| 0:23:57.290,0:24:06.270
| |
| ways than you would ever want definitely
| |
| | |
| 0:24:02.240,0:24:07.860
| |
| probably the closest that we've seen to
| |
| | |
| 0:24:06.270,0:24:10.410
| |
| things like this happening already would
| |
| | |
| 0:24:07.860,0:24:14.460
| |
| be the the initial coin offering a boom
| |
| | |
| 0:24:10.410,0:24:16.950
| |
| in the 2017 and 2018 and like basically
| |
| | |
| 0:24:14.460,0:24:19.020
| |
| if what happens and there was that
| |
| | |
| 0:24:16.950,0:24:21.870
| |
| people saw that cryptocurrencies are
| |
| | |
| 0:24:19.020,0:24:23.580
| |
| something that could potentially had a
| |
| | |
| 0:24:21.870,0:24:27.450
| |
| very high value and so people started
| |
| | |
| 0:24:23.580,0:24:29.460
| |
| saying oh like I'm raising money
| |
| | |
| 0:24:27.450,0:24:31.200
| |
| anyone come and give me fifty million
| |
| | |
| 0:24:29.460,0:24:32.669
| |
| dollars and I'm gonna build a
| |
| | |
| 0:24:31.200,0:24:34.200
| |
| cryptocurrency and I'm gonna make it
| |
| | |
| 0:24:32.669,0:24:36.600
| |
| great and I'll turn your 50 million
| |
| | |
| 0:24:34.200,0:24:43.440
| |
| dollars into 50 billion going guaranteed
| |
| | |
| 0:24:36.600,0:24:45.149
| |
| and this like and like it's complicated
| |
| | |
| 0:24:43.440,0:24:47.370
| |
| right because I mean on the one hand
| |
| | |
| 0:24:45.149,0:24:48.929
| |
| like the possibility of a kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:24:47.370,0:24:52.679
| |
| raising money and using it to fund
| |
| | |
| 0:24:48.929,0:24:54.899
| |
| cryptocurrency development like it's it
| |
| | |
| 0:24:52.679,0:24:56.610
| |
| did a lot of good right began like in
| |
| | |
| 0:24:54.899,0:24:59.760
| |
| general like the open source community
| |
| | |
| 0:24:56.610,0:25:01.889
| |
| it's and it kind of acutely suffers from
| |
| | |
| 0:24:59.760,0:25:03.659
| |
| this have public goods challenge that we
| |
| | |
| 0:25:01.889,0:25:06.600
| |
| talked about because an open source
| |
| | |
| 0:25:03.659,0:25:09.299
| |
| software is a very public good and like
| |
| | |
| 0:25:06.600,0:25:10.860
| |
| we saw some very public and if splats
| |
| | |
| 0:25:09.299,0:25:13.529
| |
| involving open source software being
| |
| | |
| 0:25:10.860,0:25:15.029
| |
| under maintains like the CloudFlare and
| |
| | |
| 0:25:13.529,0:25:17.610
| |
| of issues a couple years back when it
| |
| | |
| 0:25:15.029,0:25:19.320
| |
| turned out that's an open ssl library it
| |
| | |
| 0:25:17.610,0:25:20.909
| |
| was like really really under maintained
| |
| | |
| 0:25:19.320,0:25:23.130
| |
| despite billions of dollars of value
| |
| | |
| 0:25:20.909,0:25:24.899
| |
| depending on it and with
| |
| | |
| 0:25:23.130,0:25:26.100
| |
| cryptocurrencies suddenly you could make
| |
| | |
| 0:25:24.899,0:25:28.799
| |
| things that are completely open-source
| |
| | |
| 0:25:26.100,0:25:31.970
| |
| that through coins do have a funding
| |
| | |
| 0:25:28.799,0:25:34.919
| |
| mechanism and like you know this has
| |
| | |
| 0:25:31.970,0:25:36.179
| |
| massive massively accelerated the
| |
| | |
| 0:25:34.919,0:25:38.250
| |
| development of many kinds of
| |
| | |
| 0:25:36.179,0:25:40.740
| |
| cryptography zero-knowledge proofs and
| |
| | |
| 0:25:38.250,0:25:42.750
| |
| peer-to-peer networking a lot of other
| |
| | |
| 0:25:40.740,0:25:45.539
| |
| things but at this on the other hand
| |
| | |
| 0:25:42.750,0:25:49.200
| |
| like it's also given rise to this kind
| |
| | |
| 0:25:45.539,0:25:50.340
| |
| of speculation and in many cases the
| |
| | |
| 0:25:49.200,0:25:53.490
| |
| projects turned out to be outright
| |
| | |
| 0:25:50.340,0:25:55.470
| |
| fraudulent right but it's a really
| |
| | |
| 0:25:53.490,0:25:57.419
| |
| delicious and weird situation I haven't
| |
| | |
| 0:25:55.470,0:26:00.779
| |
| asked you about it yet but you're I
| |
| | |
| 0:25:57.419,0:26:03.590
| |
| presume that your net worth crashed a
| |
| | |
| 0:26:00.779,0:26:05.820
| |
| great deal we got run up and then came
| |
| | |
| 0:26:03.590,0:26:10.039
| |
| came back yeah
| |
| | |
| 0:26:05.820,0:26:17.429
| |
| and were you happy in any way about that
| |
| | |
| 0:26:10.039,0:26:19.289
| |
| relieved relieved yeah so when the right
| |
| | |
| 0:26:17.429,0:26:24.299
| |
| at the top of the big bubble like in
| |
| | |
| 0:26:19.289,0:26:27.539
| |
| December 2017 when yeah good coin was
| |
| | |
| 0:26:24.299,0:26:30.299
| |
| hitting 20,000 eath was hitting 1,400 I
| |
| | |
| 0:26:27.539,0:26:32.880
| |
| mean I made this tweet and a series of
| |
| | |
| 0:26:30.299,0:26:34.080
| |
| tweets and that and it became somewhat
| |
| | |
| 0:26:32.880,0:26:36.419
| |
| famous one in the space where I
| |
| | |
| 0:26:34.080,0:26:38.309
| |
| basically said the cryptocurrency space
| |
| | |
| 0:26:36.419,0:26:41.040
| |
| has reached half a trillion dollars does
| |
| | |
| 0:26:38.309,0:26:43.200
| |
| does it deserve it like do the thing
| |
| | |
| 0:26:41.040,0:26:46.080
| |
| that it's actually accomplished like
| |
| | |
| 0:26:43.200,0:26:49.020
| |
| hold a candle to the promises that my
| |
| | |
| 0:26:46.080,0:26:51.450
| |
| market is ascribing to it and I mean the
| |
| | |
| 0:26:49.020,0:26:54.630
| |
| subtext of my answer is not yet and that
| |
| | |
| 0:26:51.450,0:26:58.620
| |
| was proven very right yeah I fairly
| |
| | |
| 0:26:54.630,0:27:04.640
| |
| quickly and but you didn't short it did
| |
| | |
| 0:26:58.620,0:27:07.410
| |
| you so the iana I did can you get and
| |
| | |
| 0:27:04.640,0:27:09.780
| |
| get the etherium foundation to sell
| |
| | |
| 0:27:07.410,0:27:11.520
| |
| about seventy thousand eath like
| |
| | |
| 0:27:09.780,0:27:14.400
| |
| basically at the top and that's doubled
| |
| | |
| 0:27:11.520,0:27:16.860
| |
| our runway now so there was one good
| |
| | |
| 0:27:14.400,0:27:19.380
| |
| decision that had a land that had a lot
| |
| | |
| 0:27:16.860,0:27:25.200
| |
| of impact but it did not short I should
| |
| | |
| 0:27:19.380,0:27:29.540
| |
| say that I was weirdly somewhat relieved
| |
| | |
| 0:27:25.200,0:27:34.260
| |
| as well I view that the innovation of
| |
| | |
| 0:27:29.540,0:27:37.290
| |
| decentralized transactions and the bid
| |
| | |
| 0:27:34.260,0:27:39.570
| |
| and you know it's hard for me to say
| |
| | |
| 0:27:37.290,0:27:41.490
| |
| because I actually I'm convinced that
| |
| | |
| 0:27:39.570,0:27:43.230
| |
| the blockchain should be an intermediate
| |
| | |
| 0:27:41.490,0:27:46.500
| |
| state and should not be the permanent
| |
| | |
| 0:27:43.230,0:27:50.190
| |
| version of decentralized computing angry
| |
| | |
| 0:27:46.500,0:27:52.760
| |
| okay but I thought that that was such an
| |
| | |
| 0:27:50.190,0:27:57.900
| |
| amazing innovation that you could have a
| |
| | |
| 0:27:52.760,0:28:00.390
| |
| locally enforced mechanism without a
| |
| | |
| 0:27:57.900,0:28:03.060
| |
| centralized Authority but with a global
| |
| | |
| 0:28:00.390,0:28:08.610
| |
| ledger unfair which which I see if it is
| |
| | |
| 0:28:03.060,0:28:10.710
| |
| a point of intellectual failure that in
| |
| | |
| 0:28:08.610,0:28:12.990
| |
| some sense you're mirroring the
| |
| | |
| 0:28:10.710,0:28:17.370
| |
| transactions of the physical world so
| |
| | |
| 0:28:12.990,0:28:20.880
| |
| for example for those listening at home
| |
| | |
| 0:28:17.370,0:28:23.430
| |
| who don't have a visual here Vitalik has
| |
| | |
| 0:28:20.880,0:28:25.650
| |
| several glass bottles next to him were
| |
| | |
| 0:28:23.430,0:28:29.760
| |
| he to give one to me which he shouldn't
| |
| | |
| 0:28:25.650,0:28:31.980
| |
| do right now but the idea would be that
| |
| | |
| 0:28:29.760,0:28:35.220
| |
| it would no longer be in his space and
| |
| | |
| 0:28:31.980,0:28:40.640
| |
| it would be in mine and that property of
| |
| | |
| 0:28:35.220,0:28:43.410
| |
| Adams has been somewhat mirrored in
| |
| | |
| 0:28:40.640,0:28:46.770
| |
| Bitcoin and blockchain and aetherium
| |
| | |
| 0:28:43.410,0:28:49.200
| |
| transactions I mean this is like the
| |
| | |
| 0:28:46.770,0:28:51.600
| |
| concept of like money as a thing right
| |
| | |
| 0:28:49.200,0:28:53.910
| |
| the and if the scarcity of the 21
| |
| | |
| 0:28:51.600,0:28:54.870
| |
| million limit if I give you five coins I
| |
| | |
| 0:28:53.910,0:28:57.240
| |
| have five of us and you
| |
| | |
| 0:28:54.870,0:28:58.710
| |
| five more right and so the idea is that
| |
| | |
| 0:28:57.240,0:29:02.370
| |
| it's a what you're doing is you're
| |
| | |
| 0:28:58.710,0:29:04.680
| |
| porting conservation laws into from the
| |
| | |
| 0:29:02.370,0:29:09.450
| |
| physical layer into the logical layer
| |
| | |
| 0:29:04.680,0:29:11.790
| |
| right and yeah and I guess and if to
| |
| | |
| 0:29:09.450,0:29:13.710
| |
| some extent kind of reflects the kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:29:11.790,0:29:16.920
| |
| very deeply enough Austrian economic
| |
| | |
| 0:29:13.710,0:29:19.700
| |
| libertarian and origins of the the space
| |
| | |
| 0:29:16.920,0:29:24.510
| |
| way better back in the end of 2009 to
| |
| | |
| 0:29:19.700,0:29:27.690
| |
| 2013 days I mean creating like digital
| |
| | |
| 0:29:24.510,0:29:29.250
| |
| gold was pretty much the Fukien Digital
| |
| | |
| 0:29:27.690,0:29:32.580
| |
| payment system was the first use case
| |
| | |
| 0:29:29.250,0:29:34.559
| |
| but and I definitely think that like we
| |
| | |
| 0:29:32.580,0:29:36.120
| |
| can and should be thinking about point
| |
| | |
| 0:29:34.559,0:29:38.460
| |
| systems that work in ways other than
| |
| | |
| 0:29:36.120,0:29:41.030
| |
| money well I agree with that and I also
| |
| | |
| 0:29:38.460,0:29:44.040
| |
| think that it isn't digital gold because
| |
| | |
| 0:29:41.030,0:29:46.620
| |
| as the saying goes you know gold or
| |
| | |
| 0:29:44.040,0:29:49.260
| |
| money has no stench and that the
| |
| | |
| 0:29:46.620,0:29:51.480
| |
| blockchain is this bizarre difference
| |
| | |
| 0:29:49.260,0:29:55.230
| |
| with the physical world and that it is a
| |
| | |
| 0:29:51.480,0:29:58.320
| |
| distributed ledger that may be somewhat
| |
| | |
| 0:29:55.230,0:30:01.260
| |
| anonymous but it still gives the history
| |
| | |
| 0:29:58.320,0:30:05.750
| |
| like if I hand you a dollar and and you
| |
| | |
| 0:30:01.260,0:30:09.090
| |
| don't have access to any particular
| |
| | |
| 0:30:05.750,0:30:11.160
| |
| means of analyzing whose DNA is on that
| |
| | |
| 0:30:09.090,0:30:14.790
| |
| dollar you have no idea where it's been
| |
| | |
| 0:30:11.160,0:30:17.040
| |
| and these that is not that is violated
| |
| | |
| 0:30:14.790,0:30:20.070
| |
| by the current block chain type
| |
| | |
| 0:30:17.040,0:30:22.350
| |
| implementations yes so it isn't a
| |
| | |
| 0:30:20.070,0:30:25.770
| |
| complete port of the physical world into
| |
| | |
| 0:30:22.350,0:30:27.690
| |
| a digital but it is a an astounding one
| |
| | |
| 0:30:25.770,0:30:30.240
| |
| and I guess I get very frustrated with
| |
| | |
| 0:30:27.690,0:30:32.220
| |
| the economics questions like well what's
| |
| | |
| 0:30:30.240,0:30:34.340
| |
| good what's it good for where's the
| |
| | |
| 0:30:32.220,0:30:37.350
| |
| killer app I mean we have all of
| |
| | |
| 0:30:34.340,0:30:40.740
| |
| whatever's left of human civilization to
| |
| | |
| 0:30:37.350,0:30:42.929
| |
| figure out what this thing is meant to
| |
| | |
| 0:30:40.740,0:30:44.490
| |
| do you know and I'm not very worried
| |
| | |
| 0:30:42.929,0:30:46.530
| |
| that we were not going to figure it out
| |
| | |
| 0:30:44.490,0:30:48.360
| |
| I mean we're going to figure it out
| |
| | |
| 0:30:46.530,0:30:49.860
| |
| sooner or later because a conservation
| |
| | |
| 0:30:48.360,0:30:53.429
| |
| law and digital space is just too
| |
| | |
| 0:30:49.860,0:30:56.100
| |
| valuable is that wrong are you worried
| |
| | |
| 0:30:53.429,0:30:58.170
| |
| at all about the search for like I I
| |
| | |
| 0:30:56.100,0:30:59.640
| |
| just hate this question you know where's
| |
| | |
| 0:30:58.170,0:31:02.760
| |
| that where's the killer app and I'm
| |
| | |
| 0:30:59.640,0:31:05.400
| |
| thinking chill out man this is an
| |
| | |
| 0:31:02.760,0:31:08.130
| |
| astounding intellectual achievement what
| |
| | |
| 0:31:05.400,0:31:11.700
| |
| is that wrong yeah and I say
| |
| | |
| 0:31:08.130,0:31:14.669
| |
| there's definitely a and a long time to
| |
| | |
| 0:31:11.700,0:31:16.530
| |
| go and they think you know the apps will
| |
| | |
| 0:31:14.669,0:31:18.500
| |
| come you know there's the ones that are
| |
| | |
| 0:31:16.530,0:31:21.630
| |
| coming right now are basically a kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:31:18.500,0:31:24.900
| |
| financial but I think I mean that's kind
| |
| | |
| 0:31:21.630,0:31:26.760
| |
| of true just in part because the finance
| |
| | |
| 0:31:24.900,0:31:28.950
| |
| the existing financial system is just
| |
| | |
| 0:31:26.760,0:31:31.830
| |
| like so ready and waiting there to be
| |
| | |
| 0:31:28.950,0:31:34.860
| |
| disrupted event in like in the long term
| |
| | |
| 0:31:31.830,0:31:42.030
| |
| like there's there's it's disrupted and
| |
| | |
| 0:31:34.860,0:31:43.470
| |
| polite term for destroyed you choose but
| |
| | |
| 0:31:42.030,0:31:46.470
| |
| I mean there's something interesting
| |
| | |
| 0:31:43.470,0:31:53.210
| |
| here you're 25 years old every bit of
| |
| | |
| 0:31:46.470,0:31:58.289
| |
| your adult life is post 2008 mm-hmm and
| |
| | |
| 0:31:53.210,0:32:01.559
| |
| to be 25 years old and in charge of a
| |
| | |
| 0:31:58.289,0:32:03.270
| |
| financial ecosystem to the extent that
| |
| | |
| 0:32:01.559,0:32:05.400
| |
| anyone is in charge of etherium and I
| |
| | |
| 0:32:03.270,0:32:07.350
| |
| don't want to claim that you are sitting
| |
| | |
| 0:32:05.400,0:32:11.820
| |
| there running and making all these
| |
| | |
| 0:32:07.350,0:32:14.850
| |
| decisions that's an astounding thing
| |
| | |
| 0:32:11.820,0:32:19.429
| |
| that that this has fallen to somebody
| |
| | |
| 0:32:14.850,0:32:23.250
| |
| who whose adult life has post the crash
| |
| | |
| 0:32:19.429,0:32:25.230
| |
| hmm do you think about that at all that
| |
| | |
| 0:32:23.250,0:32:28.020
| |
| you don't have the same associations the
| |
| | |
| 0:32:25.230,0:32:30.690
| |
| rest of us do with markets when they
| |
| | |
| 0:32:28.020,0:32:32.340
| |
| were claimed to be working well like
| |
| | |
| 0:32:30.690,0:32:34.380
| |
| during the during the era of the Great
| |
| | |
| 0:32:32.340,0:32:39.840
| |
| Moderation supposedly when volatility
| |
| | |
| 0:32:34.380,0:32:42.210
| |
| was banished yeah 17:12 right so one
| |
| | |
| 0:32:39.840,0:32:44.010
| |
| thing that I kind of when we realized
| |
| | |
| 0:32:42.210,0:32:46.289
| |
| the recently that I found interesting is
| |
| | |
| 0:32:44.010,0:32:48.030
| |
| that there like there aren't kind of two
| |
| | |
| 0:32:46.289,0:32:51.470
| |
| tribes here there's to be tribes right
| |
| | |
| 0:32:48.030,0:32:56.340
| |
| and what I mean by this is that there's
| |
| | |
| 0:32:51.470,0:32:59.039
| |
| the tribe that says markets are great
| |
| | |
| 0:32:56.340,0:33:01.169
| |
| and there's the tribe that says markets
| |
| | |
| 0:32:59.039,0:33:02.280
| |
| are bad and like we should move to more
| |
| | |
| 0:33:01.169,0:33:05.429
| |
| things don't look like political
| |
| | |
| 0:33:02.280,0:33:08.100
| |
| mechanisms but then if you look at kind
| |
| | |
| 0:33:05.429,0:33:10.190
| |
| of the zeitgeist that's kind of fairly
| |
| | |
| 0:33:08.100,0:33:12.210
| |
| popular in the cryptocurrencies space
| |
| | |
| 0:33:10.190,0:33:16.070
| |
| definitely even still now to a big
| |
| | |
| 0:33:12.210,0:33:19.559
| |
| extent it's that markets are great but
| |
| | |
| 0:33:16.070,0:33:22.020
| |
| the thing that existed and exists like
| |
| | |
| 0:33:19.559,0:33:26.010
| |
| isn't markets and
| |
| | |
| 0:33:22.020,0:33:28.260
| |
| so yes like there's people who are pro
| |
| | |
| 0:33:26.010,0:33:29.910
| |
| market and who see ahead of the existing
| |
| | |
| 0:33:28.260,0:33:31.560
| |
| financial system as being that and
| |
| | |
| 0:33:29.910,0:33:33.420
| |
| there's people who are pro market at
| |
| | |
| 0:33:31.560,0:33:35.640
| |
| receive the existing financial system as
| |
| | |
| 0:33:33.420,0:33:36.930
| |
| being like yet another one of the
| |
| | |
| 0:33:35.640,0:33:39.660
| |
| perversions of that that needs to be
| |
| | |
| 0:33:36.930,0:33:43.260
| |
| overcome well it's odd because I would
| |
| | |
| 0:33:39.660,0:33:47.010
| |
| love to fix our democracy I'd love to
| |
| | |
| 0:33:43.260,0:33:49.410
| |
| fix our markets but I am I have to say I
| |
| | |
| 0:33:47.010,0:33:54.150
| |
| believe that I have grown up in a an
| |
| | |
| 0:33:49.410,0:33:56.100
| |
| approximately 50 year bubble which the
| |
| | |
| 0:33:54.150,0:34:00.770
| |
| Silent Generation and then the boomers
| |
| | |
| 0:33:56.100,0:34:03.900
| |
| presided over and my own read is that
| |
| | |
| 0:34:00.770,0:34:06.780
| |
| because of their inability to figure out
| |
| | |
| 0:34:03.900,0:34:09.300
| |
| sufficient innovation to take over from
| |
| | |
| 0:34:06.780,0:34:12.840
| |
| the previously innovative system that
| |
| | |
| 0:34:09.300,0:34:15.360
| |
| the world of human expertise has been
| |
| | |
| 0:34:12.840,0:34:17.790
| |
| almost completely contaminated by
| |
| | |
| 0:34:15.360,0:34:21.270
| |
| special pleading and political economy
| |
| | |
| 0:34:17.790,0:34:23.780
| |
| so that many of us who don't have a
| |
| | |
| 0:34:21.270,0:34:28.620
| |
| particularly Austrian or libertarian
| |
| | |
| 0:34:23.780,0:34:32.159
| |
| bent are just sick to death of being
| |
| | |
| 0:34:28.620,0:34:34.010
| |
| lied to by people claim to be Nobel
| |
| | |
| 0:34:32.159,0:34:37.679
| |
| laureates in economics yep
| |
| | |
| 0:34:34.010,0:34:39.840
| |
| do you have any emotional connection to
| |
| | |
| 0:34:37.679,0:34:42.860
| |
| you hmm
| |
| | |
| 0:34:39.840,0:34:45.960
| |
| like I feel like I'm lied to about
| |
| | |
| 0:34:42.860,0:34:47.370
| |
| almost almost you know the doctors are
| |
| | |
| 0:34:45.960,0:34:48.390
| |
| lying the lawyers are lying the
| |
| | |
| 0:34:47.370,0:34:52.010
| |
| accountants are lying
| |
| | |
| 0:34:48.390,0:34:55.230
| |
| the extraction companies are lying and
| |
| | |
| 0:34:52.010,0:34:57.510
| |
| it's not because of a million different
| |
| | |
| 0:34:55.230,0:34:59.700
| |
| reasons it's because growth ran out and
| |
| | |
| 0:34:57.510,0:35:03.000
| |
| our whole society is predicated on a
| |
| | |
| 0:34:59.700,0:35:06.030
| |
| need for economic growth yeah no there's
| |
| | |
| 0:35:03.000,0:35:07.710
| |
| definitely and of things that are that
| |
| | |
| 0:35:06.030,0:35:10.320
| |
| have changed in us and assess them
| |
| | |
| 0:35:07.710,0:35:11.490
| |
| that's just not keeping up and doesn't
| |
| | |
| 0:35:10.320,0:35:16.130
| |
| and doesn't understand that there is
| |
| | |
| 0:35:11.490,0:35:17.700
| |
| such a thing as keeping up and it's like
| |
| | |
| 0:35:16.130,0:35:22.740
| |
| hmm
| |
| | |
| 0:35:17.700,0:35:24.240
| |
| so like one thing that even Gwen talks
| |
| | |
| 0:35:22.740,0:35:27.630
| |
| about this right what he talks about
| |
| | |
| 0:35:24.240,0:35:31.400
| |
| kind of the mortgage markets has social
| |
| | |
| 0:35:27.630,0:35:35.230
| |
| technology mentality versus the like
| |
| | |
| 0:35:31.400,0:35:39.550
| |
| basically end of history mentality and I
| |
| | |
| 0:35:35.230,0:35:42.730
| |
| like the way that I can and I definitely
| |
| | |
| 0:35:39.550,0:35:44.680
| |
| saw this kind of zeitgeist 10 years ago
| |
| | |
| 0:35:42.730,0:35:46.300
| |
| that said kind of even more broadly than
| |
| | |
| 0:35:44.680,0:35:49.900
| |
| like markets versus other mechanisms
| |
| | |
| 0:35:46.300,0:35:51.700
| |
| that's like things are 80% efficient and
| |
| | |
| 0:35:49.900,0:35:52.240
| |
| lots of work to make them 95 percent
| |
| | |
| 0:35:51.700,0:35:57.190
| |
| efficient
| |
| | |
| 0:35:52.240,0:35:58.869
| |
| whereas the the thing that's really
| |
| | |
| 0:35:57.190,0:35:59.980
| |
| going on is that things are 3 percent
| |
| | |
| 0:35:58.869,0:36:02.080
| |
| efficient and we should work hard on
| |
| | |
| 0:35:59.980,0:36:05.170
| |
| making them six percent efficient like
| |
| | |
| 0:36:02.080,0:36:07.720
| |
| if you kind of move away from the narrow
| |
| | |
| 0:36:05.170,0:36:08.859
| |
| context of like I'm I have something to
| |
| | |
| 0:36:07.720,0:36:10.540
| |
| sell when you have something to buy
| |
| | |
| 0:36:08.859,0:36:14.260
| |
| which is pretty well optimized already
| |
| | |
| 0:36:10.540,0:36:15.820
| |
| then there's lots of these and very big
| |
| | |
| 0:36:14.260,0:36:18.970
| |
| things that are happening that have just
| |
| | |
| 0:36:15.820,0:36:23.320
| |
| completely been missed and in technology
| |
| | |
| 0:36:18.970,0:36:25.180
| |
| and if Network effects and all and just
| |
| | |
| 0:36:23.320,0:36:26.800
| |
| generally kind of migrating from atoms
| |
| | |
| 0:36:25.180,0:36:31.180
| |
| to bits are definitely all a big part of
| |
| | |
| 0:36:26.800,0:36:32.830
| |
| it so let's talk about something's a
| |
| | |
| 0:36:31.180,0:36:35.800
| |
| little bit funny which is if you start
| |
| | |
| 0:36:32.830,0:36:37.330
| |
| to replace government as we were talking
| |
| | |
| 0:36:35.800,0:36:40.119
| |
| about it and you see it as a monopoly on
| |
| | |
| 0:36:37.330,0:36:43.930
| |
| violence you notice that very often
| |
| | |
| 0:36:40.119,0:36:46.480
| |
| there there's a very funny role played
| |
| | |
| 0:36:43.930,0:36:48.340
| |
| by organized crime of course when we
| |
| | |
| 0:36:46.480,0:36:50.770
| |
| think about organized crime we tend to
| |
| | |
| 0:36:48.340,0:36:52.900
| |
| get emotionally excited by it for
| |
| | |
| 0:36:50.770,0:36:56.080
| |
| whatever reason we make lots of movies
| |
| | |
| 0:36:52.900,0:36:58.590
| |
| about it it occupies the mind is
| |
| | |
| 0:36:56.080,0:37:01.480
| |
| something terrifying and alluring and
| |
| | |
| 0:36:58.590,0:37:05.800
| |
| there's sort of two weird aspects to
| |
| | |
| 0:37:01.480,0:37:09.550
| |
| organized crime one of which is violence
| |
| | |
| 0:37:05.800,0:37:11.950
| |
| as a contract enforcement mechanism in
| |
| | |
| 0:37:09.550,0:37:14.890
| |
| other words you're you're gambling so
| |
| | |
| 0:37:11.950,0:37:16.420
| |
| you don't have access to the regular
| |
| | |
| 0:37:14.890,0:37:20.290
| |
| court system now you have a gambling
| |
| | |
| 0:37:16.420,0:37:26.320
| |
| debt and so just the way our government
| |
| | |
| 0:37:20.290,0:37:28.330
| |
| would put you in jail if you you know
| |
| | |
| 0:37:26.320,0:37:30.130
| |
| started doing things you couldn't
| |
| | |
| 0:37:28.330,0:37:31.570
| |
| fulfill all of your obligations and you
| |
| | |
| 0:37:30.130,0:37:34.990
| |
| were doing harm to lots of people and
| |
| | |
| 0:37:31.570,0:37:37.540
| |
| you couldn't be stopped organized crime
| |
| | |
| 0:37:34.990,0:37:40.270
| |
| has to do somebody can't maintain jails
| |
| | |
| 0:37:37.540,0:37:42.700
| |
| you know so it can put the hurt on
| |
| | |
| 0:37:40.270,0:37:45.220
| |
| somebody for means of contract
| |
| | |
| 0:37:42.700,0:37:46.930
| |
| enforcement so it's it's not looking to
| |
| | |
| 0:37:45.220,0:37:48.260
| |
| do violent things it's looking to run
| |
| | |
| 0:37:46.930,0:37:49.910
| |
| illegal businesses
| |
| | |
| 0:37:48.260,0:37:52.100
| |
| for which there's demand yeah and then
| |
| | |
| 0:37:49.910,0:37:53.560
| |
| it has a problem of enforcement then
| |
| | |
| 0:37:52.100,0:37:57.370
| |
| there's another part of it which is
| |
| | |
| 0:37:53.560,0:37:59.930
| |
| violence as the product so for example
| |
| | |
| 0:37:57.370,0:38:01.850
| |
| extortion be shame if anything were to
| |
| | |
| 0:37:59.930,0:38:04.820
| |
| happen to this lovely business that
| |
| | |
| 0:38:01.850,0:38:06.920
| |
| you're running is a veiled threat pay us
| |
| | |
| 0:38:04.820,0:38:09.980
| |
| or we're gonna do harm to your business
| |
| | |
| 0:38:06.920,0:38:12.340
| |
| or you know contract killings and the
| |
| | |
| 0:38:09.980,0:38:15.110
| |
| like yeah are you worried that
| |
| | |
| 0:38:12.340,0:38:18.140
| |
| effectively by introducing parallel
| |
| | |
| 0:38:15.110,0:38:22.010
| |
| structures both in the form of currency
| |
| | |
| 0:38:18.140,0:38:24.320
| |
| and in the form of contracts smart
| |
| | |
| 0:38:22.010,0:38:27.590
| |
| contracts that are the cynic wanna and I
| |
| | |
| 0:38:24.320,0:38:30.590
| |
| guess of the difference between Bitcoin
| |
| | |
| 0:38:27.590,0:38:33.410
| |
| and aetherium right that the killer app
| |
| | |
| 0:38:30.590,0:38:35.090
| |
| that is most likely to happen while the
| |
| | |
| 0:38:33.410,0:38:37.880
| |
| technology is still clunky and
| |
| | |
| 0:38:35.090,0:38:42.920
| |
| cumbersome and difficult is in the
| |
| | |
| 0:38:37.880,0:38:46.340
| |
| parallel space that either you are going
| |
| | |
| 0:38:42.920,0:38:49.430
| |
| to replace organized crime as a place to
| |
| | |
| 0:38:46.340,0:38:52.130
| |
| do contractual business outside of the
| |
| | |
| 0:38:49.430,0:38:54.890
| |
| normal scope which could be a benefit
| |
| | |
| 0:38:52.130,0:38:56.870
| |
| because organized crime still exists and
| |
| | |
| 0:38:54.890,0:38:58.880
| |
| is a bad thing because it uses violence
| |
| | |
| 0:38:56.870,0:39:01.850
| |
| and you would use math and in place of
| |
| | |
| 0:38:58.880,0:39:07.360
| |
| it or that it could actually be used to
| |
| | |
| 0:39:01.850,0:39:09.530
| |
| facilitate violence by you know using
| |
| | |
| 0:39:07.360,0:39:12.290
| |
| let's say prediction markets or
| |
| | |
| 0:39:09.530,0:39:16.970
| |
| something else to induce people to
| |
| | |
| 0:39:12.290,0:39:20.120
| |
| commit crimes where the committer the
| |
| | |
| 0:39:16.970,0:39:21.800
| |
| committer of violence has unusual
| |
| | |
| 0:39:20.120,0:39:23.120
| |
| information about where the violence
| |
| | |
| 0:39:21.800,0:39:27.830
| |
| will be committed and therefore can
| |
| | |
| 0:39:23.120,0:39:30.290
| |
| profit from it it's definitely a worry
| |
| | |
| 0:39:27.830,0:39:31.670
| |
| that have I in make lots of people in
| |
| | |
| 0:39:30.290,0:39:33.920
| |
| the crypt of space have had since the
| |
| | |
| 0:39:31.670,0:39:36.530
| |
| beginning though I do feel like at least
| |
| | |
| 0:39:33.920,0:39:38.090
| |
| so far I've been surprised like it feels
| |
| | |
| 0:39:36.530,0:39:41.960
| |
| like a less avetis happens than we had
| |
| | |
| 0:39:38.090,0:39:44.330
| |
| expected the thing now what do you what
| |
| | |
| 0:39:41.960,0:39:47.750
| |
| accounts for the idea that something
| |
| | |
| 0:39:44.330,0:39:51.250
| |
| that can be dreamt has mostly not
| |
| | |
| 0:39:47.750,0:39:53.810
| |
| occurred yes I definitely have yeah
| |
| | |
| 0:39:51.250,0:39:54.860
| |
| maybe it's a great thing about humans
| |
| | |
| 0:39:53.810,0:39:56.330
| |
| that we didn't realize that we're not
| |
| | |
| 0:39:54.860,0:39:57.800
| |
| nearly the horrible people we thought
| |
| | |
| 0:39:56.330,0:39:59.750
| |
| and I definitely have a couple of
| |
| | |
| 0:39:57.800,0:40:01.640
| |
| theories about this so one of those
| |
| | |
| 0:39:59.750,0:40:07.519
| |
| theories is
| |
| | |
| 0:40:01.640,0:40:10.849
| |
| like basically a lot of things that
| |
| | |
| 0:40:07.519,0:40:12.769
| |
| people do and especially a lot of things
| |
| | |
| 0:40:10.849,0:40:14.390
| |
| that people do in the InfoSphere because
| |
| | |
| 0:40:12.769,0:40:15.710
| |
| like public goods are gonna have
| |
| | |
| 0:40:14.390,0:40:18.730
| |
| chronically underfunded and all that
| |
| | |
| 0:40:15.710,0:40:22.180
| |
| rely really heavily on goodwill and so
| |
| | |
| 0:40:18.730,0:40:25.160
| |
| you know you have goodwill that if
| |
| | |
| 0:40:22.180,0:40:27.289
| |
| someone if you pay someone to write some
| |
| | |
| 0:40:25.160,0:40:29.809
| |
| piece piece of software for your website
| |
| | |
| 0:40:27.289,0:40:31.880
| |
| it's not gonna include some bloggers go
| |
| | |
| 0:40:29.809,0:40:33.829
| |
| yeah some bug that'll steal people's
| |
| | |
| 0:40:31.880,0:40:37.730
| |
| money or tell the FBI where you are that
| |
| | |
| 0:40:33.829,0:40:39.079
| |
| you if you create a system for the
| |
| | |
| 0:40:37.730,0:40:42.470
| |
| enforcing agreements that they'll
| |
| | |
| 0:40:39.079,0:40:45.710
| |
| actually get enforced then even like on
| |
| | |
| 0:40:42.470,0:40:47.989
| |
| internet forums they depend on kind of a
| |
| | |
| 0:40:45.710,0:40:51.259
| |
| lot of volunteer labor for just things
| |
| | |
| 0:40:47.989,0:40:54.980
| |
| like moderation and if you create a
| |
| | |
| 0:40:51.259,0:40:56.809
| |
| group that just goes like fundamentally
| |
| | |
| 0:40:54.980,0:40:58.460
| |
| against like the vast majority of
| |
| | |
| 0:40:56.809,0:41:00.440
| |
| people's values then it's just gonna be
| |
| | |
| 0:40:58.460,0:41:06.680
| |
| hard to find volunteer effort for that
| |
| | |
| 0:41:00.440,0:41:08.539
| |
| sort of thing and like this so that's
| |
| | |
| 0:41:06.680,0:41:11.180
| |
| probably the big in the big reason I
| |
| | |
| 0:41:08.539,0:41:13.700
| |
| think why ik so far we don't really see
| |
| | |
| 0:41:11.180,0:41:16.309
| |
| a kind of you know complicated like
| |
| | |
| 0:41:13.700,0:41:20.059
| |
| decentralized structure is being created
| |
| | |
| 0:41:16.309,0:41:21.650
| |
| to facilitate like black black markets
| |
| | |
| 0:41:20.059,0:41:22.819
| |
| for killing people and so forth because
| |
| | |
| 0:41:21.650,0:41:26.029
| |
| let's start off with something more
| |
| | |
| 0:41:22.819,0:41:28.130
| |
| mundane like a numbers racket right so a
| |
| | |
| 0:41:26.029,0:41:31.099
| |
| numbers racket would probably be a much
| |
| | |
| 0:41:28.130,0:41:32.960
| |
| simpler application so what do you mean
| |
| | |
| 0:41:31.099,0:41:34.400
| |
| by numbers racket here well it's
| |
| | |
| 0:41:32.960,0:41:36.650
| |
| something that takes the place of a
| |
| | |
| 0:41:34.400,0:41:39.619
| |
| lottery where some let's say some
| |
| | |
| 0:41:36.650,0:41:41.749
| |
| naturally occurring number that would be
| |
| | |
| 0:41:39.619,0:41:44.329
| |
| printed in a newspaper and presumably
| |
| | |
| 0:41:41.749,0:41:47.089
| |
| nobody has the influence over what
| |
| | |
| 0:41:44.329,0:41:49.670
| |
| number gets printed right constitutes
| |
| | |
| 0:41:47.089,0:41:51.920
| |
| the lotto draw lotteries have existed on
| |
| | |
| 0:41:49.670,0:41:55.400
| |
| watching since the beginning yeah okay
| |
| | |
| 0:41:51.920,0:41:57.319
| |
| even there's definitely been this kind
| |
| | |
| 0:41:55.400,0:41:59.569
| |
| of sub community of people that created
| |
| | |
| 0:41:57.319,0:42:01.099
| |
| these kind of provably faire Ponzi
| |
| | |
| 0:41:59.569,0:42:03.019
| |
| contracts where and we have a smart
| |
| | |
| 0:42:01.099,0:42:05.180
| |
| contracts and you can throw money in and
| |
| | |
| 0:42:03.019,0:42:07.339
| |
| as soon as if you're the nth person to
| |
| | |
| 0:42:05.180,0:42:10.069
| |
| throw money n su as soon as two n people
| |
| | |
| 0:42:07.339,0:42:11.779
| |
| throw money and you get like 1.92 back
| |
| | |
| 0:42:10.069,0:42:15.739
| |
| or something like that and like this was
| |
| | |
| 0:42:11.779,0:42:18.200
| |
| just a fun game that people have made
| |
| | |
| 0:42:15.739,0:42:19.910
| |
| and like participated in even fully
| |
| | |
| 0:42:18.200,0:42:23.569
| |
| knowing what the economics of the thing
| |
| | |
| 0:42:19.910,0:42:28.690
| |
| are so yeah in thing things like that
| |
| | |
| 0:42:23.569,0:42:32.089
| |
| have definitely happened so I don't like
| |
| | |
| 0:42:28.690,0:42:34.700
| |
| though in gambling is the sort of thing
| |
| | |
| 0:42:32.089,0:42:36.739
| |
| that like there isn't like there isn't
| |
| | |
| 0:42:34.700,0:42:38.539
| |
| this kind of nine ninety nine percent
| |
| | |
| 0:42:36.739,0:42:41.150
| |
| plus consensus that it's really horrible
| |
| | |
| 0:42:38.539,0:42:42.589
| |
| and evil right because like on the one
| |
| | |
| 0:42:41.150,0:42:44.059
| |
| hand like lots of people want to be on
| |
| | |
| 0:42:42.589,0:42:49.089
| |
| it but on the other hand people do it
| |
| | |
| 0:42:44.059,0:42:51.829
| |
| and it's something that I think people
| |
| | |
| 0:42:49.089,0:42:53.660
| |
| see negative consequences of but at the
| |
| | |
| 0:42:51.829,0:42:55.249
| |
| same time it's something it is something
| |
| | |
| 0:42:53.660,0:42:59.299
| |
| that people participate in and enjoy
| |
| | |
| 0:42:55.249,0:43:01.549
| |
| whereas the I mean if extremely bad
| |
| | |
| 0:42:59.299,0:43:04.160
| |
| stuff like that's there's definitely
| |
| | |
| 0:43:01.549,0:43:06.559
| |
| this kind of this kind of barrier
| |
| | |
| 0:43:04.160,0:43:08.239
| |
| between kind of things that are edgy
| |
| | |
| 0:43:06.559,0:43:11.359
| |
| versus things that are just so far over
| |
| | |
| 0:43:08.239,0:43:15.799
| |
| the edge and for things that are and if
| |
| | |
| 0:43:11.359,0:43:17.869
| |
| so so far over the edge like it is yeah
| |
| | |
| 0:43:15.799,0:43:19.220
| |
| even with smart contracts and even with
| |
| | |
| 0:43:17.869,0:43:21.410
| |
| all of those things it's still hard to
| |
| | |
| 0:43:19.220,0:43:25.160
| |
| coordinate those structures and I think
| |
| | |
| 0:43:21.410,0:43:28.430
| |
| like the blockchain like the blockchains
| |
| | |
| 0:43:25.160,0:43:30.109
| |
| inability to directly read facts about
| |
| | |
| 0:43:28.430,0:43:33.710
| |
| the real world could even be a saving
| |
| | |
| 0:43:30.109,0:43:36.410
| |
| grace here because like because a
| |
| | |
| 0:43:33.710,0:43:38.029
| |
| blockchain can't directly read like
| |
| | |
| 0:43:36.410,0:43:39.710
| |
| whether or not something in the real
| |
| | |
| 0:43:38.029,0:43:41.239
| |
| world happens it basically me and said
| |
| | |
| 0:43:39.710,0:43:42.739
| |
| if you want to have some application
| |
| | |
| 0:43:41.239,0:43:45.140
| |
| whether a prediction market or something
| |
| | |
| 0:43:42.739,0:43:46.489
| |
| else that does okay so can we say a
| |
| | |
| 0:43:45.140,0:43:48.259
| |
| little bit more about the probably
| |
| | |
| 0:43:46.489,0:43:48.799
| |
| intellectual problem that you're you're
| |
| | |
| 0:43:48.259,0:43:50.690
| |
| in touching
| |
| | |
| 0:43:48.799,0:43:52.999
| |
| so the idea is that there may be
| |
| | |
| 0:43:50.690,0:43:58.130
| |
| something that's very perceptible to us
| |
| | |
| 0:43:52.999,0:44:00.019
| |
| hmm about the real world but we might
| |
| | |
| 0:43:58.130,0:44:01.869
| |
| naively think well the computer should
| |
| | |
| 0:44:00.019,0:44:04.400
| |
| be able to tell whether that happened
| |
| | |
| 0:44:01.869,0:44:07.460
| |
| right or it didn't happen and that
| |
| | |
| 0:44:04.400,0:44:11.630
| |
| that's a surprisingly difficult thing to
| |
| | |
| 0:44:07.460,0:44:15.230
| |
| code up reliably so that the interface
| |
| | |
| 0:44:11.630,0:44:19.420
| |
| between the world of bits and bytes in
| |
| | |
| 0:44:15.230,0:44:22.279
| |
| the world of otherwise physical reality
| |
| | |
| 0:44:19.420,0:44:26.150
| |
| which often we don't realize we're
| |
| | |
| 0:44:22.279,0:44:27.250
| |
| thinking about subjectively hmm that
| |
| | |
| 0:44:26.150,0:44:30.430
| |
| it's hard to
| |
| | |
| 0:44:27.250,0:44:32.530
| |
| maintain that interface so that the way
| |
| | |
| 0:44:30.430,0:44:34.360
| |
| in which the things that have happened
| |
| | |
| 0:44:32.530,0:44:36.550
| |
| in the real world can be definitely
| |
| | |
| 0:44:34.360,0:44:38.830
| |
| agreed upon without us any kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:44:36.550,0:44:40.930
| |
| adjudication inside of the digital right
| |
| | |
| 0:44:38.830,0:44:43.270
| |
| yeah so I don't know how to say that
| |
| | |
| 0:44:40.930,0:44:45.730
| |
| well block chains are an a fundamentally
| |
| | |
| 0:44:43.270,0:44:47.890
| |
| programmatic medium all they see is data
| |
| | |
| 0:44:45.730,0:44:50.650
| |
| that gets fed into them and what they
| |
| | |
| 0:44:47.890,0:44:54.370
| |
| can compute as a result of that data and
| |
| | |
| 0:44:50.650,0:44:56.920
| |
| so if you wants to create a smart
| |
| | |
| 0:44:54.370,0:44:59.560
| |
| contract that says if someone figures
| |
| | |
| 0:44:56.920,0:45:01.330
| |
| out how to what the prime factors have a
| |
| | |
| 0:44:59.560,0:45:03.370
| |
| big number or pay them a reward you can
| |
| | |
| 0:45:01.330,0:45:04.510
| |
| do that because prime prime factors are
| |
| | |
| 0:45:03.370,0:45:07.150
| |
| something that you can multiply together
| |
| | |
| 0:45:04.510,0:45:10.000
| |
| and verify but if he wants to have a
| |
| | |
| 0:45:07.150,0:45:13.000
| |
| smart contract that says if there's a
| |
| | |
| 0:45:10.000,0:45:14.980
| |
| hurricane and in Srilanka then pay five
| |
| | |
| 0:45:13.000,0:45:17.080
| |
| hundred bucks then like you can't do
| |
| | |
| 0:45:14.980,0:45:19.390
| |
| that on the watch in itself because like
| |
| | |
| 0:45:17.080,0:45:20.830
| |
| computer code has no idea what
| |
| | |
| 0:45:19.390,0:45:23.590
| |
| hurricanes are it has no idea what's
| |
| | |
| 0:45:20.830,0:45:26.980
| |
| real like is nobody but in that case
| |
| | |
| 0:45:23.590,0:45:29.710
| |
| could have a designation that you know
| |
| | |
| 0:45:26.980,0:45:31.180
| |
| that the National correct you can you
| |
| | |
| 0:45:29.710,0:45:32.830
| |
| can get data from third-party sources
| |
| | |
| 0:45:31.180,0:45:35.410
| |
| and this is the thing that B else turns
| |
| | |
| 0:45:32.830,0:45:36.910
| |
| it into data exactly this is the the
| |
| | |
| 0:45:35.410,0:45:38.560
| |
| thing that a lot of applications are
| |
| | |
| 0:45:36.910,0:45:41.080
| |
| doing but the thing that's important to
| |
| | |
| 0:45:38.560,0:45:43.360
| |
| keep in mind is that as soon as you do
| |
| | |
| 0:45:41.080,0:45:46.210
| |
| that a guru or smart contractor has no
| |
| | |
| 0:45:43.360,0:45:48.070
| |
| longer fully trust us right right so
| |
| | |
| 0:45:46.210,0:45:52.900
| |
| there's this concept which is like a
| |
| | |
| 0:45:48.070,0:45:54.730
| |
| utopian concept of a trustless legal
| |
| | |
| 0:45:52.900,0:45:57.190
| |
| system so that you don't have the
| |
| | |
| 0:45:54.730,0:45:59.320
| |
| messiness of humans anywhere in the
| |
| | |
| 0:45:57.190,0:46:01.810
| |
| system and you can have complete faith
| |
| | |
| 0:45:59.320,0:46:03.430
| |
| and confidence in the contract that
| |
| | |
| 0:46:01.810,0:46:07.060
| |
| you've struck yeah right and like
| |
| | |
| 0:46:03.430,0:46:08.770
| |
| outside of prude like basically giving
| |
| | |
| 0:46:07.060,0:46:10.870
| |
| bounties for solving math problems so
| |
| | |
| 0:46:08.770,0:46:12.840
| |
| like it's not something that you can
| |
| | |
| 0:46:10.870,0:46:17.470
| |
| 100% achieve so I can't necessarily
| |
| | |
| 0:46:12.840,0:46:21.190
| |
| ensure my vacation that if if I go all
| |
| | |
| 0:46:17.470,0:46:24.790
| |
| the way to Argentina and the weather is
| |
| | |
| 0:46:21.190,0:46:26.860
| |
| terrible it pays out because we can't
| |
| | |
| 0:46:24.790,0:46:30.040
| |
| agree what terrible weather is right
| |
| | |
| 0:46:26.860,0:46:32.230
| |
| like you can create structures bit made
| |
| | |
| 0:46:30.040,0:46:35.890
| |
| out of individual participants they can
| |
| | |
| 0:46:32.230,0:46:38.410
| |
| try to and if align incentives to get
| |
| | |
| 0:46:35.890,0:46:40.690
| |
| people to kind of give to give correct
| |
| | |
| 0:46:38.410,0:46:41.150
| |
| results so and you can have complicated
| |
| | |
| 0:46:40.690,0:46:42.619
| |
| and if
| |
| | |
| 0:46:41.150,0:46:43.970
| |
| interruptions involving people giving
| |
| | |
| 0:46:42.619,0:46:46.549
| |
| different answers and policing each
| |
| | |
| 0:46:43.970,0:46:47.960
| |
| other and rewarding people who give the
| |
| | |
| 0:46:46.549,0:46:49.750
| |
| same answer that other people have
| |
| | |
| 0:46:47.960,0:46:53.329
| |
| committed to and things like this but
| |
| | |
| 0:46:49.750,0:46:56.660
| |
| like you can only try to approach the
| |
| | |
| 0:46:53.329,0:46:58.670
| |
| had like the idea love kind of correct
| |
| | |
| 0:46:56.660,0:47:02.960
| |
| truth like you can never 100% reach it
| |
| | |
| 0:46:58.670,0:47:06.799
| |
| now you started aetherium in 2014-2015
| |
| | |
| 0:47:02.960,0:47:10.039
| |
| um started started end of 2013 I mean it
| |
| | |
| 0:47:06.799,0:47:12.079
| |
| watched in 2015 okay would you say let's
| |
| | |
| 0:47:10.039,0:47:15.760
| |
| use launch data as an artificial sure
| |
| | |
| 0:47:12.079,0:47:21.079
| |
| date would you say you are more or less
| |
| | |
| 0:47:15.760,0:47:23.240
| |
| excited emotionally hmm then you were
| |
| | |
| 0:47:21.079,0:47:27.579
| |
| when it started you've now been through
| |
| | |
| 0:47:23.240,0:47:27.579
| |
| so you've logged some miles here hmm I
| |
| | |
| 0:47:30.069,0:47:37.640
| |
| definitely definitely stay excited I
| |
| | |
| 0:47:34.150,0:47:40.880
| |
| worked I think the main difference is
| |
| | |
| 0:47:37.640,0:47:43.700
| |
| kind of more like definitely a kinda
| |
| | |
| 0:47:40.880,0:47:46.099
| |
| excited in the sense of like four years
| |
| | |
| 0:47:43.700,0:47:48.680
| |
| well definite and like I kind of as
| |
| | |
| 0:47:46.099,0:47:51.349
| |
| opposed to indefinite like four years
| |
| | |
| 0:47:48.680,0:47:54.140
| |
| yeah four years ago was about like hey
| |
| | |
| 0:47:51.349,0:47:56.210
| |
| let's make this platform to kind of try
| |
| | |
| 0:47:54.140,0:47:57.589
| |
| really a bunch of really cool things we
| |
| | |
| 0:47:56.210,0:48:00.020
| |
| have no idea what's gonna happen and
| |
| | |
| 0:47:57.589,0:48:02.630
| |
| let's just stick it out there and now
| |
| | |
| 0:48:00.020,0:48:04.609
| |
| like we know things about things and
| |
| | |
| 0:48:02.630,0:48:07.910
| |
| people are already doing we know things
| |
| | |
| 0:48:04.609,0:48:09.740
| |
| about things that people wants to do on
| |
| | |
| 0:48:07.910,0:48:12.890
| |
| wait hands we'll also know more about
| |
| | |
| 0:48:09.740,0:48:15.140
| |
| Nick what the limitations are and so
| |
| | |
| 0:48:12.890,0:48:17.390
| |
| instead of just being this kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:48:15.140,0:48:19.849
| |
| extremely fuzzy dream of like let's
| |
| | |
| 0:48:17.390,0:48:22.099
| |
| stick smart contracts and algorithms and
| |
| | |
| 0:48:19.849,0:48:27.609
| |
| kind of trust us if I everything right
| |
| | |
| 0:48:22.099,0:48:31.400
| |
| it's something that's kind of both more
| |
| | |
| 0:48:27.609,0:48:34.160
| |
| moderate but also kind of more like
| |
| | |
| 0:48:31.400,0:48:36.140
| |
| seeming much more like it I like it
| |
| | |
| 0:48:34.160,0:48:37.819
| |
| actually has a big chance of kind of
| |
| | |
| 0:48:36.140,0:48:41.029
| |
| transforming the world and of precisely
| |
| | |
| 0:48:37.819,0:48:44.180
| |
| because that's when moderated to some
| |
| | |
| 0:48:41.029,0:48:46.069
| |
| extent so you more if I gave you false
| |
| | |
| 0:48:44.180,0:48:47.990
| |
| three choices and by the way smart
| |
| | |
| 0:48:46.069,0:48:50.029
| |
| people always hate these things so feel
| |
| | |
| 0:48:47.990,0:48:51.589
| |
| free to break the model mmm if I gave
| |
| | |
| 0:48:50.029,0:48:53.710
| |
| you a choice between saying are you
| |
| | |
| 0:48:51.589,0:48:55.180
| |
| mostly excited about
| |
| | |
| 0:48:53.710,0:48:57.730
| |
| the technology and the amount of
| |
| | |
| 0:48:55.180,0:48:59.410
| |
| innovation are you mostly excited about
| |
| | |
| 0:48:57.730,0:49:02.830
| |
| the business opportunities for yourself
| |
| | |
| 0:48:59.410,0:49:06.119
| |
| or are you mostly excited about the way
| |
| | |
| 0:49:02.830,0:49:08.740
| |
| in which this could transform human life
| |
| | |
| 0:49:06.119,0:49:11.560
| |
| would you be that would that be an easy
| |
| | |
| 0:49:08.740,0:49:14.140
| |
| call or would you say I reject that
| |
| | |
| 0:49:11.560,0:49:19.839
| |
| decision tree some mix over the first
| |
| | |
| 0:49:14.140,0:49:21.550
| |
| and the third mm no I just like the
| |
| | |
| 0:49:19.839,0:49:23.619
| |
| framing of business opportunities is
| |
| | |
| 0:49:21.550,0:49:26.800
| |
| definitely kind of never ik like this is
| |
| | |
| 0:49:23.619,0:49:28.510
| |
| weird I mean the despite and I've even I
| |
| | |
| 0:49:26.800,0:49:30.880
| |
| get the sense that you don't love money
| |
| | |
| 0:49:28.510,0:49:34.869
| |
| enough yeah this is true
| |
| | |
| 0:49:30.880,0:49:36.910
| |
| okay hmm I mean it's weird because I for
| |
| | |
| 0:49:34.869,0:49:38.320
| |
| a long time you have a lot of it yeah
| |
| | |
| 0:49:36.910,0:49:40.540
| |
| well I have a lot of it and it's also
| |
| | |
| 0:49:38.320,0:49:43.630
| |
| even weirder because I like for a long
| |
| | |
| 0:49:40.540,0:49:45.700
| |
| time I subscribed so this kind of branch
| |
| | |
| 0:49:43.630,0:49:47.530
| |
| of economics that basically says that
| |
| | |
| 0:49:45.700,0:49:49.750
| |
| like love of money is like the best
| |
| | |
| 0:49:47.530,0:49:55.839
| |
| motivation for B vote for people to have
| |
| | |
| 0:49:49.750,0:49:58.660
| |
| an Randian um well in I'd say make in
| |
| | |
| 0:49:55.839,0:50:00.760
| |
| that area but it's but I don't get that
| |
| | |
| 0:49:58.660,0:50:03.849
| |
| I'll be honest I just don't get that
| |
| | |
| 0:50:00.760,0:50:05.740
| |
| vibe right I mean there's I've
| |
| | |
| 0:50:03.849,0:50:08.800
| |
| definitely kind of shifted a lot over
| |
| | |
| 0:50:05.740,0:50:10.869
| |
| the years I think my experience even
| |
| | |
| 0:50:08.800,0:50:13.300
| |
| within the crypto space itself has kind
| |
| | |
| 0:50:10.869,0:50:17.560
| |
| of trend and given me a lot of new
| |
| | |
| 0:50:13.300,0:50:21.339
| |
| information to work with more like the
| |
| | |
| 0:50:17.560,0:50:24.000
| |
| this basically and then this goes back
| |
| | |
| 0:50:21.339,0:50:26.680
| |
| to this kind of cryptocurrencies as a
| |
| | |
| 0:50:24.000,0:50:33.940
| |
| microcosm of wider society thing right
| |
| | |
| 0:50:26.680,0:50:37.030
| |
| like if you're like basically any like
| |
| | |
| 0:50:33.940,0:50:38.859
| |
| any movements regardless of like what it
| |
| | |
| 0:50:37.030,0:50:40.330
| |
| what the movement is for what its goals
| |
| | |
| 0:50:38.859,0:50:42.339
| |
| are to be succeeded needs to be
| |
| | |
| 0:50:40.330,0:50:43.900
| |
| sufficiently big and once something is
| |
| | |
| 0:50:42.339,0:50:45.880
| |
| sufficiently big it needs to have
| |
| | |
| 0:50:43.900,0:50:47.410
| |
| internal structure to a coordinated
| |
| | |
| 0:50:45.880,0:50:49.960
| |
| initially of its objectives which means
| |
| | |
| 0:50:47.410,0:50:52.270
| |
| that it suffers from governance issues
| |
| | |
| 0:50:49.960,0:50:55.869
| |
| it suffers from public goods the issue
| |
| | |
| 0:50:52.270,0:50:58.750
| |
| is it suffers from conflicts with
| |
| | |
| 0:50:55.869,0:51:01.780
| |
| adjacent movements and suffers from
| |
| | |
| 0:50:58.750,0:51:04.720
| |
| conflicts between its own values and its
| |
| | |
| 0:51:01.780,0:51:06.940
| |
| and its own desire to succeed and so on
| |
| | |
| 0:51:04.720,0:51:10.270
| |
| and so forth and like it needs to
| |
| | |
| 0:51:06.940,0:51:12.849
| |
| come up with ways to answer like
| |
| | |
| 0:51:10.270,0:51:14.109
| |
| basically almost the same kinds of hard
| |
| | |
| 0:51:12.849,0:51:16.960
| |
| problems at the world as a whole is
| |
| | |
| 0:51:14.109,0:51:19.119
| |
| working on well you know it's
| |
| | |
| 0:51:16.960,0:51:22.839
| |
| interesting when I look at this sort of
| |
| | |
| 0:51:19.119,0:51:24.700
| |
| world of people maybe had an epicenter
| |
| | |
| 0:51:22.839,0:51:27.849
| |
| in the Bay Area though I think it's less
| |
| | |
| 0:51:24.700,0:51:29.440
| |
| true now we're trying to figure out what
| |
| | |
| 0:51:27.849,0:51:34.650
| |
| is the future and how do we get there
| |
| | |
| 0:51:29.440,0:51:37.380
| |
| there's a very clear sense that people's
| |
| | |
| 0:51:34.650,0:51:40.920
| |
| creativity and their intelligence is
| |
| | |
| 0:51:37.380,0:51:44.170
| |
| correlated with their financial success
| |
| | |
| 0:51:40.920,0:51:46.240
| |
| but it's not very tight and so there's
| |
| | |
| 0:51:44.170,0:51:48.970
| |
| like an embarrassment that well that
| |
| | |
| 0:51:46.240,0:51:50.920
| |
| person is super amazing and then mm-hmm
| |
| | |
| 0:51:48.970,0:51:53.770
| |
| not doing all that well this person
| |
| | |
| 0:51:50.920,0:51:56.410
| |
| somehow metabolizing amend this amount
| |
| | |
| 0:51:53.770,0:51:58.359
| |
| this is something that I've definitely
| |
| | |
| 0:51:56.410,0:52:01.150
| |
| have realized just from one of my
| |
| | |
| 0:51:58.359,0:52:03.250
| |
| travels like I've interacted with a lot
| |
| | |
| 0:52:01.150,0:52:04.750
| |
| of kind of super famous people in
| |
| | |
| 0:52:03.250,0:52:07.059
| |
| different kinds of positions which
| |
| | |
| 0:52:04.750,0:52:08.920
| |
| includes like some world leaders and
| |
| | |
| 0:52:07.059,0:52:13.240
| |
| includes some kind of leaders of like
| |
| | |
| 0:52:08.920,0:52:16.390
| |
| fields in cryptography and it in you
| |
| | |
| 0:52:13.240,0:52:19.690
| |
| realize that like people in these
| |
| | |
| 0:52:16.390,0:52:22.210
| |
| positions they are impressive but
| |
| | |
| 0:52:19.690,0:52:24.700
| |
| they're not like super amazing godlike
| |
| | |
| 0:52:22.210,0:52:26.109
| |
| impressive right something tomorrow some
| |
| | |
| 0:52:24.700,0:52:27.849
| |
| of them are but then there's also super
| |
| | |
| 0:52:26.109,0:52:29.559
| |
| amazing godlike impressive people that
| |
| | |
| 0:52:27.849,0:52:31.210
| |
| just like don't get her to get that much
| |
| | |
| 0:52:29.559,0:52:34.210
| |
| shit I don't know what I'm trying to get
| |
| | |
| 0:52:31.210,0:52:37.630
| |
| at I think about like if you hang around
| |
| | |
| 0:52:34.210,0:52:39.279
| |
| with musicians very often you'll have
| |
| | |
| 0:52:37.630,0:52:41.170
| |
| some buddies a super famous musicians
| |
| | |
| 0:52:39.279,0:52:42.069
| |
| and you want to who's really good and
| |
| | |
| 0:52:41.170,0:52:45.730
| |
| they'll tell you some of you've never
| |
| | |
| 0:52:42.069,0:52:50.470
| |
| heard of and musician's musician exactly
| |
| | |
| 0:52:45.730,0:52:53.589
| |
| this yes right and so you know if I if I
| |
| | |
| 0:52:50.470,0:52:56.109
| |
| gave the name of people who are famous
| |
| | |
| 0:52:53.589,0:52:57.970
| |
| for being let's say physicists they're
| |
| | |
| 0:52:56.109,0:52:59.890
| |
| very often the people on television as
| |
| | |
| 0:52:57.970,0:53:02.260
| |
| physicists mm-hmm but they would all
| |
| | |
| 0:52:59.890,0:53:03.460
| |
| point to some guy who doesn't give a lot
| |
| | |
| 0:53:02.260,0:53:05.950
| |
| of interviews and say well that's the
| |
| | |
| 0:53:03.460,0:53:10.890
| |
| top guy exactly like basically the
| |
| | |
| 0:53:05.950,0:53:14.440
| |
| social status like is predicted by
| |
| | |
| 0:53:10.890,0:53:17.529
| |
| confidence multiplied by like basically
| |
| | |
| 0:53:14.440,0:53:19.299
| |
| publicity skill and that's half
| |
| | |
| 0:53:17.529,0:53:20.590
| |
| correlated with competence for obvious
| |
| | |
| 0:53:19.299,0:53:21.730
| |
| reasons right like those
| |
| | |
| 0:53:20.590,0:53:22.930
| |
| people also know the people that have
| |
| | |
| 0:53:21.730,0:53:23.920
| |
| the real confidence and that's one of
| |
| | |
| 0:53:22.930,0:53:25.990
| |
| the things that I've always found really
| |
| | |
| 0:53:23.920,0:53:28.900
| |
| interesting about people who have this
| |
| | |
| 0:53:25.990,0:53:32.860
| |
| diehard belief that markets produce
| |
| | |
| 0:53:28.900,0:53:36.250
| |
| justice which is I do think that success
| |
| | |
| 0:53:32.860,0:53:41.950
| |
| in markets is somewhat correlated or has
| |
| | |
| 0:53:36.250,0:53:44.050
| |
| been with things like productivity but
| |
| | |
| 0:53:41.950,0:53:46.270
| |
| it's also correlated sometimes with how
| |
| | |
| 0:53:44.050,0:53:48.340
| |
| predatory somebody can be or you know
| |
| | |
| 0:53:46.270,0:53:51.460
| |
| how lucky they happen to be at a
| |
| | |
| 0:53:48.340,0:53:55.600
| |
| particular moment and one of the
| |
| | |
| 0:53:51.460,0:53:57.130
| |
| questions that I have is if you're
| |
| | |
| 0:53:55.600,0:53:59.170
| |
| really interested in innovation which is
| |
| | |
| 0:53:57.130,0:54:03.250
| |
| what I sort of pick up is you know the
| |
| | |
| 0:53:59.170,0:54:06.910
| |
| main things how does something like
| |
| | |
| 0:54:03.250,0:54:10.660
| |
| aetherium give us a possibility to
| |
| | |
| 0:54:06.910,0:54:12.760
| |
| revitalize innovation after what many of
| |
| | |
| 0:54:10.660,0:54:15.900
| |
| us consider a period of relative
| |
| | |
| 0:54:12.760,0:54:17.740
| |
| stagnancy outside of the areas of
| |
| | |
| 0:54:15.900,0:54:21.310
| |
| computation communication which
| |
| | |
| 0:54:17.740,0:54:24.820
| |
| everybody knows have exploded hmm do you
| |
| | |
| 0:54:21.310,0:54:30.660
| |
| think about how if cerium can mediate a
| |
| | |
| 0:54:24.820,0:54:30.660
| |
| new Renaissance a new generative age
| |
| | |
| 0:54:31.260,0:54:37.990
| |
| about it a little bit definitely and I
| |
| | |
| 0:54:34.060,0:54:42.970
| |
| think I mean there's ten of etherium as
| |
| | |
| 0:54:37.990,0:54:44.650
| |
| a platform for experiments in governance
| |
| | |
| 0:54:42.970,0:54:47.740
| |
| and public goods funding is one thing I
| |
| | |
| 0:54:44.650,0:54:50.350
| |
| mentioned and education is another thing
| |
| | |
| 0:54:47.740,0:54:52.360
| |
| that I end of talk about in the end
| |
| | |
| 0:54:50.350,0:54:54.400
| |
| obviously we do I mean I have a lot of
| |
| | |
| 0:54:52.360,0:54:58.960
| |
| these blog posts on Vitalik dossier in
| |
| | |
| 0:54:54.400,0:55:00.970
| |
| other forums and like they're one of the
| |
| | |
| 0:54:58.960,0:55:04.510
| |
| big challenges that a for example is
| |
| | |
| 0:55:00.970,0:55:06.430
| |
| that like for in and of Internet
| |
| | |
| 0:55:04.510,0:55:08.170
| |
| educational resources in general there's
| |
| | |
| 0:55:06.430,0:55:10.900
| |
| basically two kinds right there's like
| |
| | |
| 0:55:08.170,0:55:13.270
| |
| papers and I Wikipedia and like
| |
| | |
| 0:55:10.900,0:55:14.950
| |
| basically things that are technically
| |
| | |
| 0:55:13.270,0:55:17.590
| |
| accurate but they're just not core ibly
| |
| | |
| 0:55:14.950,0:55:19.510
| |
| not understand understandable at all and
| |
| | |
| 0:55:17.590,0:55:21.490
| |
| we should not be forcing people to even
| |
| | |
| 0:55:19.510,0:55:23.650
| |
| try reading them and then there's pops a
| |
| | |
| 0:55:21.490,0:55:26.080
| |
| literature which is very accessible but
| |
| | |
| 0:55:23.650,0:55:30.280
| |
| it's often just actively wrong in really
| |
| | |
| 0:55:26.080,0:55:31.720
| |
| horrible ways and okay I personally even
| |
| | |
| 0:55:30.280,0:55:33.370
| |
| before a theorem like I did Bitcoin
| |
| | |
| 0:55:31.720,0:55:34.420
| |
| magazine for example like I've always
| |
| | |
| 0:55:33.370,0:55:37.779
| |
| tried
| |
| | |
| 0:55:34.420,0:55:41.410
| |
| to find this kind of middle gap this way
| |
| | |
| 0:55:37.779,0:55:43.839
| |
| to explain can take concepts that are
| |
| | |
| 0:55:41.410,0:55:45.700
| |
| technical and if expand them to a bride
| |
| | |
| 0:55:43.839,0:55:48.519
| |
| a broader audience so they are more
| |
| | |
| 0:55:45.700,0:55:51.569
| |
| accessible and like this to me has been
| |
| | |
| 0:55:48.519,0:55:53.589
| |
| important in part because like I view
| |
| | |
| 0:55:51.569,0:55:55.990
| |
| accessibility of information about the
| |
| | |
| 0:55:53.589,0:55:58.210
| |
| technology as a precondition for even
| |
| | |
| 0:55:55.990,0:55:59.950
| |
| the decentralization of the space like
| |
| | |
| 0:55:58.210,0:56:01.720
| |
| if the thing technically runs on fifty
| |
| | |
| 0:55:59.950,0:56:03.039
| |
| thousand computers but only forty two
| |
| | |
| 0:56:01.720,0:56:04.660
| |
| people know how it works and your
| |
| | |
| 0:56:03.039,0:56:07.960
| |
| decentralization indexes and fifty
| |
| | |
| 0:56:04.660,0:56:10.450
| |
| thousand it's 42 you know and so there's
| |
| | |
| 0:56:07.960,0:56:15.549
| |
| a very nice point yeah and so trying to
| |
| | |
| 0:56:10.450,0:56:17.140
| |
| kind of improve like even how we in the
| |
| | |
| 0:56:15.549,0:56:20.019
| |
| etherium community and if work on
| |
| | |
| 0:56:17.140,0:56:23.470
| |
| innovation internally but so those are
| |
| | |
| 0:56:20.019,0:56:27.700
| |
| kind of things that and if that happened
| |
| | |
| 0:56:23.470,0:56:29.529
| |
| in blockchains as a novella as a lab for
| |
| | |
| 0:56:27.700,0:56:31.680
| |
| trying out new things kind of first for
| |
| | |
| 0:56:29.529,0:56:33.549
| |
| the blockchain space and then
| |
| | |
| 0:56:31.680,0:56:35.890
| |
| potentially export it to other things
| |
| | |
| 0:56:33.549,0:56:38.559
| |
| and then we can also look at head of
| |
| | |
| 0:56:35.890,0:56:41.799
| |
| wall chains as something that can be
| |
| | |
| 0:56:38.559,0:56:45.490
| |
| used to improve and create better
| |
| | |
| 0:56:41.799,0:56:48.069
| |
| institutions so like one of the etherium
| |
| | |
| 0:56:45.490,0:56:50.589
| |
| foundations researchers vlad sam fear he
| |
| | |
| 0:56:48.069,0:56:51.940
| |
| actually got into aetherium because he
| |
| | |
| 0:56:50.589,0:56:55.720
| |
| was working at how to improve academic
| |
| | |
| 0:56:51.940,0:56:57.130
| |
| publishing and like he saw things like
| |
| | |
| 0:56:55.720,0:56:59.890
| |
| you know the existing peer review
| |
| | |
| 0:56:57.130,0:57:01.839
| |
| mechanisms and how they were just a very
| |
| | |
| 0:56:59.890,0:57:05.259
| |
| flawed in a bunch of ways and he thought
| |
| | |
| 0:57:01.839,0:57:07.450
| |
| that like hey here's potentially apply
| |
| | |
| 0:57:05.259,0:57:09.309
| |
| form that we could use to build
| |
| | |
| 0:57:07.450,0:57:12.369
| |
| something that does better and like
| |
| | |
| 0:57:09.309,0:57:15.039
| |
| that's one of his core interests and why
| |
| | |
| 0:57:12.369,0:57:17.410
| |
| he is even continuing to work on the
| |
| | |
| 0:57:15.039,0:57:20.170
| |
| technology you know i hadn't understood
| |
| | |
| 0:57:17.410,0:57:22.750
| |
| how insiders viewed peer review in an
| |
| | |
| 0:57:20.170,0:57:25.569
| |
| academic context until he finance
| |
| | |
| 0:57:22.750,0:57:28.329
| |
| professor got drunk at a party and said
| |
| | |
| 0:57:25.569,0:57:31.029
| |
| you know that guy who's harassing you
| |
| | |
| 0:57:28.329,0:57:32.710
| |
| and your research in finance you don't
| |
| | |
| 0:57:31.029,0:57:34.660
| |
| know why he's doing i said well why do
| |
| | |
| 0:57:32.710,0:57:37.119
| |
| you think he's doing so i know he says
| |
| | |
| 0:57:34.660,0:57:40.210
| |
| we've created a system where our fees
| |
| | |
| 0:57:37.119,0:57:44.380
| |
| are sky-high to consult and we do this
| |
| | |
| 0:57:40.210,0:57:46.539
| |
| by making the number of professors in
| |
| | |
| 0:57:44.380,0:57:47.400
| |
| our field small by controlling peer
| |
| | |
| 0:57:46.539,0:57:49.079
| |
| review
| |
| | |
| 0:57:47.400,0:57:50.670
| |
| and so that effectively we are at
| |
| | |
| 0:57:49.079,0:57:54.359
| |
| conspiracy in restraint like this guy's
| |
| | |
| 0:57:50.670,0:57:56.130
| |
| just telling me straight out that this
| |
| | |
| 0:57:54.359,0:57:58.500
| |
| is a gating function to keep their
| |
| | |
| 0:57:56.130,0:58:00.569
| |
| consulting fees high and that this guy
| |
| | |
| 0:57:58.500,0:58:02.609
| |
| is gonna do everything that they tell
| |
| | |
| 0:58:00.569,0:58:04.109
| |
| him to do because otherwise he can't
| |
| | |
| 0:58:02.609,0:58:07.200
| |
| come into the club and charge these
| |
| | |
| 0:58:04.109,0:58:09.869
| |
| rates that sounds about right
| |
| | |
| 0:58:07.200,0:58:11.339
| |
| right so him that one of the app another
| |
| | |
| 0:58:09.869,0:58:13.559
| |
| killer application so you have one
| |
| | |
| 0:58:11.339,0:58:15.569
| |
| potential suite of applications which
| |
| | |
| 0:58:13.559,0:58:18.359
| |
| have to do with facilitating illegality
| |
| | |
| 0:58:15.569,0:58:20.910
| |
| some of that might regard will result in
| |
| | |
| 0:58:18.359,0:58:24.180
| |
| net reduction of harm because you could
| |
| | |
| 0:58:20.910,0:58:27.900
| |
| replace violence with math yes on the
| |
| | |
| 0:58:24.180,0:58:31.410
| |
| other hand a place where you could have
| |
| | |
| 0:58:27.900,0:58:36.779
| |
| a really positive effect is political
| |
| | |
| 0:58:31.410,0:58:40.980
| |
| economy where by removing the human
| |
| | |
| 0:58:36.779,0:58:43.289
| |
| ability to act badly you effectively
| |
| | |
| 0:58:40.980,0:58:47.880
| |
| create a much fairer more representative
| |
| | |
| 0:58:43.289,0:58:50.520
| |
| world exactly you know what do we do so
| |
| | |
| 0:58:47.880,0:58:52.260
| |
| you have an interest in in the two
| |
| | |
| 0:58:50.520,0:58:55.440
| |
| fields that I find Wikipedia can't
| |
| | |
| 0:58:52.260,0:58:58.470
| |
| explain to any normal human being our
| |
| | |
| 0:58:55.440,0:59:00.359
| |
| theoretical math and physics even
| |
| | |
| 0:58:58.470,0:59:01.829
| |
| biology you can sort of guess what's
| |
| | |
| 0:59:00.359,0:59:04.950
| |
| going on because you have something
| |
| | |
| 0:59:01.829,0:59:07.260
| |
| concrete to the area but even biology
| |
| | |
| 0:59:04.950,0:59:08.609
| |
| like you got a learn math the deeply
| |
| | |
| 0:59:07.260,0:59:11.010
| |
| grok it because otherwise you're just
| |
| | |
| 0:59:08.609,0:59:14.910
| |
| memorizing like names of chemicals well
| |
| | |
| 0:59:11.010,0:59:19.260
| |
| but you could my here I have a PhD in
| |
| | |
| 0:59:14.910,0:59:22.349
| |
| math if I try to read a math paper one
| |
| | |
| 0:59:19.260,0:59:25.319
| |
| or two fields over from my own field
| |
| | |
| 0:59:22.349,0:59:27.420
| |
| right I will do less well with it than
| |
| | |
| 0:59:25.319,0:59:29.119
| |
| if I read a biology paper and even
| |
| | |
| 0:59:27.420,0:59:32.220
| |
| though I've taken no class in biology
| |
| | |
| 0:59:29.119,0:59:35.880
| |
| that sounds right yeah yeah like there's
| |
| | |
| 0:59:32.220,0:59:38.299
| |
| a difference between the level of math
| |
| | |
| 0:59:35.880,0:59:41.010
| |
| that you have to know it's you just
| |
| | |
| 0:59:38.299,0:59:44.039
| |
| because it's important for you as a
| |
| | |
| 0:59:41.010,0:59:45.720
| |
| philosopher and then and like that's
| |
| | |
| 0:59:44.039,0:59:47.760
| |
| about the level of math that I think you
| |
| | |
| 0:59:45.720,0:59:49.319
| |
| need even to be good at biology to be
| |
| | |
| 0:59:47.760,0:59:52.410
| |
| good at economics to be good at a lot of
| |
| | |
| 0:59:49.319,0:59:54.420
| |
| things right it's understanding like
| |
| | |
| 0:59:52.410,0:59:57.119
| |
| principles even things like for example
| |
| | |
| 0:59:54.420,0:59:59.460
| |
| if you have a trade-off between x and y
| |
| | |
| 0:59:57.119,1:00:01.240
| |
| and right now you're optimizing entirely
| |
| | |
| 0:59:59.460,1:00:03.490
| |
| for x and it's a smooth curve
| |
| | |
| 1:00:01.240,1:00:04.900
| |
| then if he wants a little bit of Y then
| |
| | |
| 1:00:03.490,1:00:06.940
| |
| you can get your first bit of Y at
| |
| | |
| 1:00:04.900,1:00:10.030
| |
| almost like zero cost of X right and
| |
| | |
| 1:00:06.940,1:00:12.460
| |
| that's just a prop like it's a property
| |
| | |
| 1:00:10.030,1:00:13.960
| |
| of continuous functions that look from
| |
| | |
| 1:00:12.460,1:00:16.960
| |
| the maximum of the derivative starts at
| |
| | |
| 1:00:13.960,1:00:19.960
| |
| zero you know like if you kind of just
| |
| | |
| 1:00:16.960,1:00:22.180
| |
| deeply kind of mentally grok about like
| |
| | |
| 1:00:19.960,1:00:23.560
| |
| a couple hundred of these facts the way
| |
| | |
| 1:00:22.180,1:00:25.810
| |
| you're deeply kind of mentally grow out
| |
| | |
| 1:00:23.560,1:00:28.210
| |
| like how to walk then like you get a lot
| |
| | |
| 1:00:25.810,1:00:30.130
| |
| but then from there there's also like
| |
| | |
| 1:00:28.210,1:00:32.860
| |
| the frontiers and often I mean the
| |
| | |
| 1:00:30.130,1:00:34.210
| |
| frontiers were most important well so
| |
| | |
| 1:00:32.860,1:00:36.850
| |
| here's a weird thing I don't know how to
| |
| | |
| 1:00:34.210,1:00:37.750
| |
| bring up when I try to understand crypto
| |
| | |
| 1:00:36.850,1:00:40.680
| |
| as a space
| |
| | |
| 1:00:37.750,1:00:43.600
| |
| I'm always confronted by how incredibly
| |
| | |
| 1:00:40.680,1:00:46.390
| |
| Byzantine and impossible it is to
| |
| | |
| 1:00:43.600,1:00:48.369
| |
| understand all of the acronyms all of
| |
| | |
| 1:00:46.390,1:00:53.440
| |
| the sub pieces of history I mean it's an
| |
| | |
| 1:00:48.369,1:00:56.650
| |
| incredibly fragmented experience in
| |
| | |
| 1:00:53.440,1:01:02.280
| |
| which I spend a long period of time just
| |
| | |
| 1:00:56.650,1:01:05.290
| |
| feeling moronic isn't it odd that like
| |
| | |
| 1:01:02.280,1:01:07.240
| |
| etherium itself suffers from this this
| |
| | |
| 1:01:05.290,1:01:09.420
| |
| problem it's hard to know what's going
| |
| | |
| 1:01:07.240,1:01:12.580
| |
| on yeah it's definitely something that
| |
| | |
| 1:01:09.420,1:01:15.220
| |
| we wants to fix so if I mean if you ever
| |
| | |
| 1:01:12.580,1:01:16.540
| |
| have suggestions on like what
| |
| | |
| 1:01:15.220,1:01:18.010
| |
| specifically we could make more
| |
| | |
| 1:01:16.540,1:01:21.520
| |
| understandable I'm always happy to hear
| |
| | |
| 1:01:18.010,1:01:23.700
| |
| those fantastic now one thing that I
| |
| | |
| 1:01:21.520,1:01:27.190
| |
| think is really interesting is this
| |
| | |
| 1:01:23.700,1:01:30.790
| |
| episode that occurred in the etherium
| |
| | |
| 1:01:27.190,1:01:35.440
| |
| space in which you are faced with a very
| |
| | |
| 1:01:30.790,1:01:40.000
| |
| serious question of leadership having to
| |
| | |
| 1:01:35.440,1:01:42.910
| |
| do with an emergency that you could have
| |
| | |
| 1:01:40.000,1:01:45.100
| |
| either allowed to follow the rules that
| |
| | |
| 1:01:42.910,1:01:48.850
| |
| had been previously specified in some
| |
| | |
| 1:01:45.100,1:01:50.650
| |
| sense or could where you could interject
| |
| | |
| 1:01:48.850,1:01:53.140
| |
| a certain amount of human intervention
| |
| | |
| 1:01:50.650,1:01:57.130
| |
| but thereby letting people know that
| |
| | |
| 1:01:53.140,1:01:59.830
| |
| this was to some extent not mediated
| |
| | |
| 1:01:57.130,1:02:01.270
| |
| only by rules and computers can you can
| |
| | |
| 1:01:59.830,1:02:05.380
| |
| you say a little bit about this famous
| |
| | |
| 1:02:01.270,1:02:07.660
| |
| incident and sure so in 2016 there was
| |
| | |
| 1:02:05.380,1:02:11.050
| |
| this smart contract that a group called
| |
| | |
| 1:02:07.660,1:02:13.050
| |
| salokya launched called the dao and do
| |
| | |
| 1:02:11.050,1:02:15.040
| |
| stands for a decentralized autonomous
| |
| | |
| 1:02:13.050,1:02:17.110
| |
| organization and such our my team
| |
| | |
| 1:02:15.040,1:02:19.840
| |
| with about three years before and it
| |
| | |
| 1:02:17.110,1:02:21.580
| |
| basically means that maybe you can have
| |
| | |
| 1:02:19.840,1:02:24.850
| |
| a smart contract to this computer
| |
| | |
| 1:02:21.580,1:02:27.130
| |
| program that controls digital assets and
| |
| | |
| 1:02:24.850,1:02:30.280
| |
| if encode a set of rules for an
| |
| | |
| 1:02:27.130,1:02:31.930
| |
| organization and like you can use this
| |
| | |
| 1:02:30.280,1:02:33.580
| |
| kind of smart contract basically as a
| |
| | |
| 1:02:31.930,1:02:36.430
| |
| replacement for things like companies
| |
| | |
| 1:02:33.580,1:02:39.970
| |
| and so some I could decide to launch a
| |
| | |
| 1:02:36.430,1:02:42.610
| |
| Dao and their Dao was intended to be
| |
| | |
| 1:02:39.970,1:02:47.080
| |
| basically a decentralized VC fund so
| |
| | |
| 1:02:42.610,1:02:48.910
| |
| people could apply the Dao would vote on
| |
| | |
| 1:02:47.080,1:02:51.610
| |
| which projects were worth investing in
| |
| | |
| 1:02:48.910,1:02:57.130
| |
| so leaderless rule-based yeah and
| |
| | |
| 1:02:51.610,1:02:59.740
| |
| virtual exactly know is they hit hit all
| |
| | |
| 1:02:57.130,1:03:02.320
| |
| the cypherpunk nodes that they're in the
| |
| | |
| 1:02:59.740,1:03:05.710
| |
| right place okay and the thing launched
| |
| | |
| 1:03:02.320,1:03:08.200
| |
| and we were all expecting it during its
| |
| | |
| 1:03:05.710,1:03:10.600
| |
| kind of initial fundraising phase which
| |
| | |
| 1:03:08.200,1:03:12.730
| |
| was also like an open public blockchain
| |
| | |
| 1:03:10.600,1:03:15.430
| |
| process and to maybe get five million
| |
| | |
| 1:03:12.730,1:03:18.130
| |
| dollars but then it got five and it got
| |
| | |
| 1:03:15.430,1:03:19.900
| |
| ten and I got twenty I got fifty and a
| |
| | |
| 1:03:18.130,1:03:23.950
| |
| hundred and then the price of youth went
| |
| | |
| 1:03:19.900,1:03:26.710
| |
| up and I got two hundred and then when I
| |
| | |
| 1:03:23.950,1:03:29.130
| |
| was sitting at AF friends was it all
| |
| | |
| 1:03:26.710,1:03:31.990
| |
| alarming that it was so successful
| |
| | |
| 1:03:29.130,1:03:33.970
| |
| after the 50 mark I definitely have
| |
| | |
| 1:03:31.990,1:03:35.920
| |
| switched from excitement's to deep
| |
| | |
| 1:03:33.970,1:03:38.050
| |
| apprehension but you know it's a
| |
| | |
| 1:03:35.920,1:03:41.530
| |
| contract did you let on that that you
| |
| | |
| 1:03:38.050,1:03:45.490
| |
| were feeling that way a bit okay yeah so
| |
| | |
| 1:03:41.530,1:03:47.650
| |
| on a June 17th 2016 and when I was in
| |
| | |
| 1:03:45.490,1:03:52.930
| |
| Shanghai at a a friend's apartment and
| |
| | |
| 1:03:47.650,1:03:57.670
| |
| it was about fifteen thirty something in
| |
| | |
| 1:03:52.930,1:04:00.160
| |
| the afternoon I saw a message in one of
| |
| | |
| 1:03:57.670,1:04:02.350
| |
| the Skype chats that it was that I was
| |
| | |
| 1:04:00.160,1:04:03.970
| |
| in and someone basically was saying hey
| |
| | |
| 1:04:02.350,1:04:05.350
| |
| guys look at the Dow it seems like
| |
| | |
| 1:04:03.970,1:04:08.770
| |
| there's some money coming out of it and
| |
| | |
| 1:04:05.350,1:04:12.070
| |
| so I checked on the public black
| |
| | |
| 1:04:08.770,1:04:14.350
| |
| Explorer on the blockchain and I saw oh
| |
| | |
| 1:04:12.070,1:04:16.570
| |
| look that it seems like about two
| |
| | |
| 1:04:14.350,1:04:19.420
| |
| million dollar has actually already been
| |
| | |
| 1:04:16.570,1:04:21.670
| |
| removed from the Dow and more ethos and
| |
| | |
| 1:04:19.420,1:04:24.370
| |
| of slowly being drained over time and so
| |
| | |
| 1:04:21.670,1:04:26.880
| |
| I pinged the core developers and I asked
| |
| | |
| 1:04:24.370,1:04:30.060
| |
| hey is this normal and
| |
| | |
| 1:04:26.880,1:04:31.710
| |
| at first I was thinking okay the
| |
| | |
| 1:04:30.060,1:04:33.510
| |
| alternative is unthinkable there has to
| |
| | |
| 1:04:31.710,1:04:36.660
| |
| be a reasonable explanation for this
| |
| | |
| 1:04:33.510,1:04:41.400
| |
| and so you were locked into some sort of
| |
| | |
| 1:04:36.660,1:04:44.400
| |
| denial for at the beginning yes and the
| |
| | |
| 1:04:41.400,1:04:46.710
| |
| developers looked at it and over the
| |
| | |
| 1:04:44.400,1:04:48.540
| |
| next half-hour as more and more people
| |
| | |
| 1:04:46.710,1:04:50.580
| |
| came online and started chattering with
| |
| | |
| 1:04:48.540,1:04:54.350
| |
| each other it became clear that the
| |
| | |
| 1:04:50.580,1:04:57.330
| |
| unthinkable has actually happened and I
| |
| | |
| 1:04:54.350,1:05:01.470
| |
| actually burned about 20 of my own if
| |
| | |
| 1:04:57.330,1:05:03.480
| |
| like basically just tossing the ethereum
| |
| | |
| 1:05:01.470,1:05:05.670
| |
| blockchain in itself and just spamming
| |
| | |
| 1:05:03.480,1:05:07.680
| |
| it with transactions to try to and if so
| |
| | |
| 1:05:05.670,1:05:09.090
| |
| low the attacker I've seen is denial of
| |
| | |
| 1:05:07.680,1:05:10.620
| |
| service yeah yeah just spam the
| |
| | |
| 1:05:09.090,1:05:13.020
| |
| blockchain with dren that got all of my
| |
| | |
| 1:05:10.620,1:05:14.970
| |
| listeners will know the terms okay so
| |
| | |
| 1:05:13.020,1:05:16.260
| |
| that the attackers transactions could
| |
| | |
| 1:05:14.970,1:05:17.850
| |
| not get in as quickly because the
| |
| | |
| 1:05:16.260,1:05:20.100
| |
| attackers transact the attacker could
| |
| | |
| 1:05:17.850,1:05:21.720
| |
| only withdraw something like a couple
| |
| | |
| 1:05:20.100,1:05:24.210
| |
| hundred East with every transaction so
| |
| | |
| 1:05:21.720,1:05:26.970
| |
| it was a slow process like in the hopes
| |
| | |
| 1:05:24.210,1:05:29.130
| |
| that the developers would find some way
| |
| | |
| 1:05:26.970,1:05:30.990
| |
| to ply was an intentional inefficiency
| |
| | |
| 1:05:29.130,1:05:32.820
| |
| or was just that it was it was not
| |
| | |
| 1:05:30.990,1:05:34.500
| |
| intentional so in some weird way the
| |
| | |
| 1:05:32.820,1:05:35.940
| |
| inefficiency was a good thing yes it
| |
| | |
| 1:05:34.500,1:05:37.620
| |
| gets even weirder there was an even
| |
| | |
| 1:05:35.940,1:05:39.560
| |
| bigger and efficiency that would that
| |
| | |
| 1:05:37.620,1:05:43.890
| |
| would prove to be an even better thing
| |
| | |
| 1:05:39.560,1:05:46.290
| |
| so but then the developers however did
| |
| | |
| 1:05:43.890,1:05:48.360
| |
| not find a way to plug the hole but the
| |
| | |
| 1:05:46.290,1:05:50.730
| |
| attacker voluntarily stopped after
| |
| | |
| 1:05:48.360,1:05:53.550
| |
| stealing about 4 million eath from the
| |
| | |
| 1:05:50.730,1:05:55.740
| |
| dough but in any case the this is a
| |
| | |
| 1:05:53.550,1:05:58.680
| |
| second in efficiency it voluntarily
| |
| | |
| 1:05:55.740,1:06:01.200
| |
| stopped yeah there was a request made no
| |
| | |
| 1:05:58.680,1:06:06.900
| |
| no as in the attacker just stopped ok
| |
| | |
| 1:06:01.200,1:06:07.680
| |
| and and so here's the second and bigger
| |
| | |
| 1:06:06.900,1:06:10.710
| |
| in efficiency
| |
| | |
| 1:06:07.680,1:06:13.170
| |
| the money that was the attacker took out
| |
| | |
| 1:06:10.710,1:06:14.600
| |
| the four million eighth it did not go
| |
| | |
| 1:06:13.170,1:06:17.130
| |
| into the attacker swallow it immediately
| |
| | |
| 1:06:14.600,1:06:20.550
| |
| instead it went into a child smart
| |
| | |
| 1:06:17.130,1:06:22.050
| |
| contract and only after 35 days could
| |
| | |
| 1:06:20.550,1:06:24.450
| |
| the attacker action we take that money
| |
| | |
| 1:06:22.050,1:06:27.030
| |
| out and this was child smart contract
| |
| | |
| 1:06:24.450,1:06:30.120
| |
| you mean a separate smart contract that
| |
| | |
| 1:06:27.030,1:06:33.750
| |
| was created through a function call of
| |
| | |
| 1:06:30.120,1:06:36.420
| |
| the main Dao smart contract ok so this
| |
| | |
| 1:06:33.750,1:06:39.470
| |
| was also not intended right it was just
| |
| | |
| 1:06:36.420,1:06:40.890
| |
| like a random quirk of this of fate that
| |
| | |
| 1:06:39.470,1:06:43.080
| |
| there was this
| |
| | |
| 1:06:40.890,1:06:44.940
| |
| big bug that was the biggest smart
| |
| | |
| 1:06:43.080,1:06:47.910
| |
| contract theft in history up until that
| |
| | |
| 1:06:44.940,1:06:50.280
| |
| point and it put the money into this
| |
| | |
| 1:06:47.910,1:06:52.410
| |
| convenient box were just a conveniently
| |
| | |
| 1:06:50.280,1:06:57.180
| |
| locked for 35 days where everyone could
| |
| | |
| 1:06:52.410,1:07:00.540
| |
| stare and look at it oh yeah and the
| |
| | |
| 1:06:57.180,1:07:02.580
| |
| soon after this there were calls
| |
| | |
| 1:07:00.540,1:07:04.560
| |
| happening between core developers and
| |
| | |
| 1:07:02.580,1:07:07.950
| |
| the proposal to remedy the situation
| |
| | |
| 1:07:04.560,1:07:10.320
| |
| with a blockchain fork I came into play
| |
| | |
| 1:07:07.950,1:07:12.840
| |
| right so basically what happened here is
| |
| | |
| 1:07:10.320,1:07:15.120
| |
| the it was a blockchain fork an
| |
| | |
| 1:07:12.840,1:07:19.230
| |
| emotional issue for this community yeah
| |
| | |
| 1:07:15.120,1:07:20.850
| |
| so why is it so what I guess first of
| |
| | |
| 1:07:19.230,1:07:24.150
| |
| all what is it exactly so explain what
| |
| | |
| 1:07:20.850,1:07:25.830
| |
| what would happen so in general a
| |
| | |
| 1:07:24.150,1:07:29.040
| |
| blockchain forcus on normal process
| |
| | |
| 1:07:25.830,1:07:30.930
| |
| right you have an upgrade and the
| |
| | |
| 1:07:29.040,1:07:33.720
| |
| developers of the etherium clients
| |
| | |
| 1:07:30.930,1:07:36.390
| |
| implement code that basically says after
| |
| | |
| 1:07:33.720,1:07:38.790
| |
| block number four three seven zero zero
| |
| | |
| 1:07:36.390,1:07:40.170
| |
| zero zero stop processing blocks
| |
| | |
| 1:07:38.790,1:07:41.640
| |
| according to the old rules start
| |
| | |
| 1:07:40.170,1:07:43.260
| |
| processing blocks according to the new
| |
| | |
| 1:07:41.640,1:07:47.250
| |
| rules which have extra features attached
| |
| | |
| 1:07:43.260,1:07:53.000
| |
| and where blocks are just said packages
| |
| | |
| 1:07:47.250,1:07:56.940
| |
| of transactions okay and B's and so ever
| |
| | |
| 1:07:53.000,1:07:59.100
| |
| before this sub I know these code
| |
| | |
| 1:07:56.940,1:08:01.110
| |
| patches are formally proposed there is
| |
| | |
| 1:07:59.100,1:08:02.730
| |
| this month-long period of mini month
| |
| | |
| 1:08:01.110,1:08:05.070
| |
| long period of deliberation we are
| |
| | |
| 1:08:02.730,1:08:08.130
| |
| changes or proposed people discuss them
| |
| | |
| 1:08:05.070,1:08:09.960
| |
| people talk about them and generally
| |
| | |
| 1:08:08.130,1:08:12.450
| |
| it's agreed that these changes are good
| |
| | |
| 1:08:09.960,1:08:14.160
| |
| and so people just go and download the
| |
| | |
| 1:08:12.450,1:08:16.470
| |
| code and because everyone's downloaded
| |
| | |
| 1:08:14.160,1:08:18.150
| |
| the code the blockchain after block four
| |
| | |
| 1:08:16.470,1:08:19.320
| |
| three seven zero zero zero zero follows
| |
| | |
| 1:08:18.150,1:08:22.290
| |
| these difference in better it's a very
| |
| | |
| 1:08:19.320,1:08:24.300
| |
| warm and very human process yeah called
| |
| | |
| 1:08:22.290,1:08:29.130
| |
| logic of a machine exactly
| |
| | |
| 1:08:24.300,1:08:31.920
| |
| and so the dal Fork
| |
| | |
| 1:08:29.130,1:08:34.350
| |
| it was also a fork it was also a code
| |
| | |
| 1:08:31.920,1:08:38.550
| |
| change implemented by the developers of
| |
| | |
| 1:08:34.350,1:08:41.610
| |
| the clients that is it was pushed out
| |
| | |
| 1:08:38.550,1:08:43.530
| |
| through a new version of the different
| |
| | |
| 1:08:41.610,1:08:45.900
| |
| clients that people could download and
| |
| | |
| 1:08:43.530,1:08:49.320
| |
| users went ahead and voluntarily
| |
| | |
| 1:08:45.900,1:08:51.000
| |
| downloaded it and it would basically
| |
| | |
| 1:08:49.320,1:08:52.680
| |
| change the rules of the blockchain
| |
| | |
| 1:08:51.000,1:08:53.849
| |
| except instead of changing them
| |
| | |
| 1:08:52.680,1:08:55.859
| |
| permanently
| |
| | |
| 1:08:53.849,1:08:58.079
| |
| it would only do what a single one time
| |
| | |
| 1:08:55.859,1:09:01.529
| |
| change and the single one time change
| |
| | |
| 1:08:58.079,1:09:03.509
| |
| basically said during block one one nine
| |
| | |
| 1:09:01.529,1:09:06.599
| |
| two zero zero zero zero before
| |
| | |
| 1:09:03.509,1:09:09.989
| |
| processing any transactions take the
| |
| | |
| 1:09:06.599,1:09:11.790
| |
| ether that stuck in the this child
| |
| | |
| 1:09:09.989,1:09:13.739
| |
| contract and move it into another
| |
| | |
| 1:09:11.790,1:09:17.819
| |
| contract that could then basically
| |
| | |
| 1:09:13.739,1:09:20.339
| |
| refund it all to the victims and so this
| |
| | |
| 1:09:17.819,1:09:22.859
| |
| is a very kind of manual intervention
| |
| | |
| 1:09:20.339,1:09:25.310
| |
| right it basically says like we all
| |
| | |
| 1:09:22.859,1:09:27.420
| |
| agree it's a run code that just
| |
| | |
| 1:09:25.310,1:09:29.159
| |
| irregularly takes this money and just
| |
| | |
| 1:09:27.420,1:09:32.339
| |
| reassigns it so that's other thing so
| |
| | |
| 1:09:29.159,1:09:34.469
| |
| the the it's very weird because you know
| |
| | |
| 1:09:32.339,1:09:37.020
| |
| we always think in like a sci-fi movie
| |
| | |
| 1:09:34.469,1:09:39.810
| |
| that some thing that you think is human
| |
| | |
| 1:09:37.020,1:09:42.329
| |
| would rip off its mask and reveal itself
| |
| | |
| 1:09:39.810,1:09:44.520
| |
| to be a computer and this is the reverse
| |
| | |
| 1:09:42.329,1:09:47.609
| |
| exactly pewter face is ripped off
| |
| | |
| 1:09:44.520,1:09:50.880
| |
| revealing humans behind this this
| |
| | |
| 1:09:47.609,1:09:53.099
| |
| technological stack yes and I mean
| |
| | |
| 1:09:50.880,1:09:56.730
| |
| ultimately like people talk about head
| |
| | |
| 1:09:53.099,1:09:58.889
| |
| of blockchain immutability and like this
| |
| | |
| 1:09:56.730,1:10:00.900
| |
| is this idea that basically you're not
| |
| | |
| 1:09:58.889,1:10:03.119
| |
| supposed to do this sort of thing and
| |
| | |
| 1:10:00.900,1:10:05.909
| |
| where does that supposed to come from
| |
| | |
| 1:10:03.119,1:10:08.010
| |
| exactly it so like there is there's
| |
| | |
| 1:10:05.909,1:10:09.810
| |
| definitely a sense in which it exists
| |
| | |
| 1:10:08.010,1:10:11.190
| |
| technologically because like actually
| |
| | |
| 1:10:09.810,1:10:14.369
| |
| pulling off one of these Forks is
| |
| | |
| 1:10:11.190,1:10:16.139
| |
| incredibly hard and for example if it
| |
| | |
| 1:10:14.369,1:10:18.300
| |
| was not the case that the money was
| |
| | |
| 1:10:16.139,1:10:20.550
| |
| conveniently stuck there and one nice
| |
| | |
| 1:10:18.300,1:10:22.079
| |
| little address for 35 days it would
| |
| | |
| 1:10:20.550,1:10:24.179
| |
| basically not have been possible to do
| |
| | |
| 1:10:22.079,1:10:26.280
| |
| it right because when as soon as you
| |
| | |
| 1:10:24.179,1:10:27.719
| |
| announced this protocol change that says
| |
| | |
| 1:10:26.280,1:10:29.550
| |
| we're gonna take money out of CR put it
| |
| | |
| 1:10:27.719,1:10:30.840
| |
| in there the attacker could just move
| |
| | |
| 1:10:29.550,1:10:33.510
| |
| the money from there to a different
| |
| | |
| 1:10:30.840,1:10:34.770
| |
| address and basically you play this
| |
| | |
| 1:10:33.510,1:10:37.349
| |
| cat-and-mouse game and the attacker
| |
| | |
| 1:10:34.770,1:10:39.989
| |
| could win but sometimes there is this
| |
| | |
| 1:10:37.349,1:10:41.940
| |
| possibility where you up so that we can
| |
| | |
| 1:10:39.989,1:10:44.820
| |
| and just like do these interventions and
| |
| | |
| 1:10:41.940,1:10:46.199
| |
| you can just decide to stop writing this
| |
| | |
| 1:10:44.820,1:10:50.159
| |
| code and start running this other code
| |
| | |
| 1:10:46.199,1:10:52.500
| |
| and the only reason why this has not
| |
| | |
| 1:10:50.159,1:10:54.929
| |
| done more frequently is basically
| |
| | |
| 1:10:52.500,1:10:57.060
| |
| because their existing norms right in
| |
| | |
| 1:10:54.929,1:10:58.770
| |
| their existing norms in the blockchain
| |
| | |
| 1:10:57.060,1:11:00.510
| |
| community of lads iam fear of the
| |
| | |
| 1:10:58.770,1:11:03.150
| |
| researcher I mentioned before and if
| |
| | |
| 1:11:00.510,1:11:05.849
| |
| calls them a Szabo's Ally and named
| |
| | |
| 1:11:03.150,1:11:07.409
| |
| after nick szabo and and nick szabo
| |
| | |
| 1:11:05.849,1:11:08.900
| |
| actually just likes the moniker
| |
| | |
| 1:11:07.409,1:11:10.769
| |
| like it is a pretty accurate
| |
| | |
| 1:11:08.900,1:11:12.900
| |
| representation of kind of his beliefs
| |
| | |
| 1:11:10.769,1:11:15.110
| |
| witches and the beliefs of many in the
| |
| | |
| 1:11:12.900,1:11:18.869
| |
| crypto community which is basically that
| |
| | |
| 1:11:15.110,1:11:21.630
| |
| like even though it technically is code
| |
| | |
| 1:11:18.869,1:11:24.840
| |
| run by humans we should act as though it
| |
| | |
| 1:11:21.630,1:11:27.059
| |
| is code not run by humans and look
| |
| | |
| 1:11:24.840,1:11:29.249
| |
| because it is digital gold right gold is
| |
| | |
| 1:11:27.059,1:11:30.479
| |
| not run by humans gold is gold and so if
| |
| | |
| 1:11:29.249,1:11:32.550
| |
| we want to make something that is a
| |
| | |
| 1:11:30.479,1:11:34.289
| |
| light gold then even though we're
| |
| | |
| 1:11:32.550,1:11:35.939
| |
| unfortunately stuck with this thing run
| |
| | |
| 1:11:34.289,1:11:38.459
| |
| by humans we should what try as hard as
| |
| | |
| 1:11:35.939,1:11:40.260
| |
| we can to pretend it's not and like this
| |
| | |
| 1:11:38.459,1:11:42.719
| |
| was the ideology of a lot of people in
| |
| | |
| 1:11:40.260,1:11:46.260
| |
| this space and the dal fork very much
| |
| | |
| 1:11:42.719,1:11:50.789
| |
| went against this ideology and so even
| |
| | |
| 1:11:46.260,1:11:52.409
| |
| though in my opinion like having norms
| |
| | |
| 1:11:50.789,1:11:54.300
| |
| that you can't just like go and edit
| |
| | |
| 1:11:52.409,1:11:57.150
| |
| whatever you want is valuable but like
| |
| | |
| 1:11:54.300,1:11:58.769
| |
| when so such a large fraction of the
| |
| | |
| 1:11:57.150,1:12:00.869
| |
| ecosystem is at stake it's worth
| |
| | |
| 1:11:58.769,1:12:02.969
| |
| rethinking things but like other people
| |
| | |
| 1:12:00.869,1:12:04.889
| |
| were and if even more rigid in this
| |
| | |
| 1:12:02.969,1:12:06.209
| |
| regard and so there was this kind of
| |
| | |
| 1:12:04.889,1:12:08.939
| |
| split in the community
| |
| | |
| 1:12:06.209,1:12:10.709
| |
| and a portion of the community actually
| |
| | |
| 1:12:08.939,1:12:12.389
| |
| did not download the updates right a
| |
| | |
| 1:12:10.709,1:12:13.949
| |
| portion of the community did not
| |
| | |
| 1:12:12.389,1:12:16.139
| |
| download these code patches and
| |
| | |
| 1:12:13.949,1:12:17.820
| |
| implement the fork and they just said we
| |
| | |
| 1:12:16.139,1:12:20.579
| |
| will continue running our own our old
| |
| | |
| 1:12:17.820,1:12:22.559
| |
| chain and the old chain has since then
| |
| | |
| 1:12:20.579,1:12:26.249
| |
| been called a theorem classic and it
| |
| | |
| 1:12:22.559,1:12:30.650
| |
| runs to this day this is a fascinating
| |
| | |
| 1:12:26.249,1:12:33.209
| |
| civil war you know in essence yes and
| |
| | |
| 1:12:30.650,1:12:34.919
| |
| what I get out of this is that there's
| |
| | |
| 1:12:33.209,1:12:37.949
| |
| this very weird thing which is that
| |
| | |
| 1:12:34.919,1:12:41.039
| |
| people get very attached to ideologies
| |
| | |
| 1:12:37.949,1:12:43.019
| |
| and then they come to understand why the
| |
| | |
| 1:12:41.039,1:12:46.709
| |
| simplistic version of that ideology
| |
| | |
| 1:12:43.019,1:12:49.079
| |
| can't possibly work in a warm human
| |
| | |
| 1:12:46.709,1:12:51.059
| |
| system I watched this it you have you
| |
| | |
| 1:12:49.079,1:12:53.550
| |
| ever gone to this festival called a
| |
| | |
| 1:12:51.059,1:12:55.380
| |
| femoral which is sort of Burning Man on
| |
| | |
| 1:12:53.550,1:12:56.909
| |
| the water it was I was part of it and I
| |
| | |
| 1:12:55.380,1:12:58.709
| |
| got invited to it but I haven't had the
| |
| | |
| 1:12:56.909,1:13:01.559
| |
| chance to go yet so it's kind of a
| |
| | |
| 1:12:58.709,1:13:04.679
| |
| libertarian Waterworld in the Sacramento
| |
| | |
| 1:13:01.559,1:13:08.219
| |
| Delta and what was interesting is is
| |
| | |
| 1:13:04.679,1:13:10.229
| |
| that one year in order to come to the
| |
| | |
| 1:13:08.219,1:13:11.820
| |
| festival you had to have a lecture and
| |
| | |
| 1:13:10.229,1:13:14.189
| |
| you had to agree that you would receive
| |
| | |
| 1:13:11.820,1:13:15.449
| |
| the lecture because of problems that had
| |
| | |
| 1:13:14.189,1:13:17.249
| |
| happened the previous year
| |
| | |
| 1:13:15.449,1:13:21.170
| |
| and you realize that these libertarians
| |
| | |
| 1:13:17.249,1:13:24.260
| |
| were being forced to invent governance
| |
| | |
| 1:13:21.170,1:13:27.469
| |
| and rather than just anarchy you had to
| |
| | |
| 1:13:24.260,1:13:30.320
| |
| have some organized system and so one of
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:27.469,1:13:34.690
| | Vitalik Buterin 0:22 |
| my questions is is that is that dream of
| | Thank you. It's good to be here, Eric. |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:30.320,1:13:34.690
| | Eric Weinstein 0:24 |
| escape from the heavy hand of government
| | It's terrific to have you. Now, in general, when I see you interviewed, immediately, everybody goes straight to cryptocurrencies and Imperium. But one of the things that I found fascinating about your story is, is that in order to be a good steward of this new and emerging economics, you've actually applied yourself a great deal to standard and regular economic theory. And I was curious, if I understand correctly, you dropped out of college after a year you're self taught in economics, but you've taken a real interest in understanding How markets and economic theory work. Is that a fair description? |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:35.469,1:13:41.870 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:04 |
| effectively not something to be pursued
| | Yeah, I think so. And economics has been of interest for me. Definitely for a long time. I mean, when I discovered Bitcoin back in 2011, and I was still in high school, it was this kind of interesting confluence of ideas that I was already pretty attracted to. So of open source culture, that was something that a good friend from high school Christopher Ola had already and indoctrinated me with really well. The, the math mathematical and cryptographic aspects also of libertarianism and Austrian economics was kind of the Zeitgeist of the Bitcoin space at the day and those were of ideas that I definitely found philosophically quite attractive at that time. And I know I was definitely curious and yeah, read a bunch of books. So yeah. And read the Austrian economics canon because that's what the Bitcoin people were talking about all day. Yeah, read some kind of behavioral economics literature, really kinda men and cittadini and all of those people that just because I knew that I had to read other stuff for balance. |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:39.040,1:13:43.969
| | And, and also economics itself is a kind in pretty mathematical and subject Well, kind of right it's it's on the borderline because it's kind of both mathematical and you got your curves and your derivatives and your intersections but also humanities, right, it's really at this intersection of both figuring out how to apply these models to and of specific cases and also trying to figure out well, which models are really correct in the first place. And like the first question you can't answer with math, but the second question, you really can't and you need other kinds of thinking as well. |
| inside of crypto space for the most part
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:41.870,1:13:45.710
| | Eric Weinstein 2:58 |
| because we realized that it is going to
| | Well, this is An area of my own interest because the way I see it, economics is odd in a way that very few people, I think have appreciated in that. If we take what could be argued to be our two greatest ideas in scientific, scientific man, let's say, one would be sort of the geometric dynamics of physics and economics has been constructed to be an as if physics, if you will, and on the other hand, and inherits from the theory of selection, you could say that markets are the continuation of systems of selective pressures by other means. And so what happens when our two greatest ideas touch each other, and they do it in a place which has very bizarre properties, by my way of thinking that is that economists are on the one hand, very rigorous thinkers and are also very susceptible to what we might call political economy, and distorted thinking. Does that ring true to you? |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:43.969,1:13:47.890
| | Vitalik Buterin 3:59 |
| require governance and that we can't
| | Yeah. Definitely, I mean, there's definitely this combination of the four. On the one hand, you have these mathematical formulas. And on the other hand, these assumptions and often Nick, the assumptions can be pretty, pretty well hidden, and they're kind of difficult to see at first glance, right. And it really can be subtle, right? So like one of the arguments that economists tend to put forward is basically like mutually beneficial transactions are a bet are beneficial. And so like, we should not interfere with them, right? Like if I have a client bottle and I want to sell you the client bottle, you're willing to pay $5 then I clearly valued at less than $5 evaluated more than $5 therefore the transactions on net good and like I, therefore I should give you the bottle and you should give me the money and that's what we would do, but At the, the reasons why that 10 sometimes breaks down like are, in many ways more subtle, right? Like, first you have monopoly issues like, if I'm the only person selling Klein bottles, then I might want to sell them at a higher price than you'd be willing to accept because I want to extract more value. And sometimes the things that matter most to society aren't things that we can transfer between people from one person to another, like Klein bottles, but like public goods, and like the biggest public good of all, is that is the idea, right? And an idea? Well, if I have an idea, and I give you the idea, I still have the idea. So it's something that once you release it, it's out there and there isn't this kind of property of that. |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:45.710,1:13:51.920
| | Eric Weinstein 5:48 |
| figure out a way to turn this into a
| | So, should we pause just briefly to talk about what a public good is for the audience? |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:47.890,1:13:54.080
| | Vitalik Buterin 5:53 |
| completely cold and methodical process
| | Yeah. |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:51.920,1:13:56.960
| | Eric Weinstein 5:54 |
| it depends on which portion of the dream
| | So a public good is technically defined within economics. Many people have an intuitive idea. Something which is you're stating has this property of inexhaustible it. Yeah. And then the other attribute would be excludability, which is |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:54.080,1:13:58.940
| | Vitalik Buterin 6:11 |
| you subscribe to like the if the version
| | non excludability for |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:56.960,1:14:02.000
| | Eric Weinstein 6:12 |
| of the dream you subscribe to is the
| | Sorry, not non excludability, sorry, the attribute of excludability and is used to define a public good. So, if something is inexhaustible and excludable, then it has this weird property that even hardline economists would agree that the market may fail to price, in fact, will fail to price the value to society of that object. So there is an admission within economics that there are zones of failure. |
|
| |
|
| 1:13:58.940,1:14:05.199
| | Vitalik Buterin 6:43 |
| dream that says that we can finally use
| | Right? Well, I guess the kind of the big kind of rethinking that needs to happen is that like there is a long been this kind of site guys to that private goods like things that I have, and if I give it to you, I don't have it. And you have it on than normal and public goods are a rare exception. But like really public goods are pretty darn important, right? Like if we didn't have public goods, then we'd be trading sticks. And B and B are pellets and we basically still be caveman. Like they're basically the |
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| |
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| 1:14:02.000,1:14:08.840
| | Eric Weinstein 7:14 |
| algorithms to I basically completely
| | Well, like an army would be a public good. |
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| |
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| 1:14:05.199,1:14:13.190
| | Vitalik Buterin 7:16 |
| eliminate humans ability to interfere in
| | Yeah. Yeah. In army well, armies are interesting, because they're kind of to us, like in a medium scale context or a public good and in the large scale, context or public bad, because if everyone's armies were forced to be cut down by a factor of 10, like we'd all be better off. So economics is like really subtle that way, especially once you have kind of two layers of scale at play. |
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| |
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| 1:14:08.840,1:14:15.920
| | Eric Weinstein 7:38 |
| things then like if if your goal is to
| | Sure. Now, one thing that I worry a lot about that almost nobody seems to join me in, is that in our mutual world, I don't know what to call it. of people who are experimenting with what I would say the mainstream would consider far out ideas like radical life extension, credit. currencies is a, you know, potentially being rival risks with sovereign currencies. But in our world, we talk a lot about the abundance economy in a world of abundance. And I'm terrified of a world of abundance because one of the properties that software has had is that it has replaced physical goods and services, which have these attributes. They're not public with small files, and when a small file is not encrypted, it has the attributes of a public good and therefore value and price can can chasm. That's terrifying, because then this weird thing of markets which allows us respite from dictatorship and somebody's directing our activities, and allows us to self direct goes away, because things can't be priced accurately. Are you Do you have any does that have any purchase on your thinking? |
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| |
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| 1:14:13.190,1:14:18.739
| | Vitalik Buterin 9:00 |
| see that enforced 100 percent then like
| | Yeah, so and I think give definitely kind of struck at a very important points, though, I think and if my own framing of the points is slightly different. So you know, I think like, first of all, you start off by thing by realizing that kind of private property and things is not something that fell out of the sky. It's a social technology, right? It's that we have the of norms that basically say, Oh, you can't, we will create this kind of mapping from objects to people. And if an object does maps to you, then you're allowed to do basically whatever the hell you want with that, and other people cannot do anything with it without your permission. And if that concept did not exist, then physical objects would be public goods, right? Because like, if there's a Klein bottle over here, the Klein bottle would be there, but like, really, anyone could take it. And if you produce political climate models, then you're not producing something for yourself. You're producing Something for pretty much the first person who comes along and grabs it. And so property rights, right are this kind of social technology that helps make private good economies tractable. And we could consider making social technologies to make public good economies tractable, right, like the existence of public goods by itself is it's not good or bad. Like, arguably, it's even good because it means that people can cooperate with each other on such large scales. The bad thing is that we don't really have good tools for handling it. And specifically, we don't have good tools for handling yet that manage to simultaneously avoid both not giving good results and like basically being centralized index editorial. And so this is where my interest in radical exchange comes in. So this was this some movement that was started by going wild a couple of years ago when he wrote this radical markets book and you He advanced some of his proposals like Harberger taxes and quadratic voting were the ones that are one of the most popular. And the and the core of idea behind the ideas basically is like, let's create structures of norms and incentives that try to have the best properties that we can get out of markets, but do do so without like, basically economically breaking in the way that we know existing property rights systems do a once you enter a world where kind of everything that you build is just inherently affects millions of people. |
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| |
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| 1:14:15.920,1:14:22.760
| | Eric Weinstein 11:39 |
| no you're not going to get that if your
| | Well, this is this is an interesting perspective. You, of course, are famous for implementing this aetherium protocol. But before we ever get to computer protocols, there are sort of legal and structural protocols that we impose upon ourselves in the form of government and markets that are subordinate to government. And there's a weird way in which you may start a process by which you write down rules for how a society should function. But once those rules are written down, you may discover all sorts of unintended properties of that rule set. And there's a real question. Can we actually unhook ourselves from the killer app that is capitalism, or American democracy? And if we start to realize that that app is running out of control, |
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| |
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| 1:14:18.739,1:14:25.820
| | Vitalik Buterin 12:37 |
| dream is that you dislike how
| | I guess, in for I know, for myself as a social technologist, and I definitely don't think that we should be kind of overturning entire countries with the new mechanisms overnight. I think |
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| |
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| 1:14:22.760,1:14:27.380
| | Eric Weinstein 12:51 |
| governments have had existing
| | I wasn't insinuating. |
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| |
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| 1:14:25.820,1:14:29.840
| | Vitalik Buterin 12:52 |
| governments and monopolies of violence
| | Oh, definitely. I think like, that's figuring out how to kind of solve grand problems. If Humanity is a long term goal. But I mean short term goals are there's, there's little things that we can make better. Right? So I and this is actually part of why I find cryptocurrency and blockchain is interesting because they are, in a lot of ways this ideal ground for economic experimentation of different types. Great. So like to give one concrete example and in. So one of the ideas that go on while and myself have come up with and are pushing forward is something called quadratic funding. And the way that quadratic funding works is roughly this, right? So you have a central hub of pool of funding. And you could imagine this coming from a government you could imagine this coming from wealthy donors, you could imagine it just being put together by some crypto economic protocol, it could come from anywhere. And then you allow people to like basically set up projects and you like people say I have a project here is something that I'm doing. And if you like this, then you can donate to me. And you let people donate to projects. And then the core of the mechanism is basically that if there is a project that multiple people donate to, so there's some project you donate to it and someone else donates to it as well, then your donation doesn't just benefit benefit you, it also benefits the other person and the other person's donation doesn't just benefit them, it also benefits you. And so to kind of counteract that, and of market failure, the mechanism basically says, well, we're going to multiply the effect of your donation by two ads multiply the effect of the other person's donation by two. And so now, both of your incentives are kind of aligned with the whole and you extend this mechanism. So instead of supporting two people, it supports an arbitrary number of people. And you kind of calculate these subsidies across all possible pairs of people. And what you get is this formula that basically says you know what people don't need different projects, you'll look at how many people donated and how much money is donated. And based on this from the central pool of funding, you give this extra subsidy. And so it basically is like a market for public goods. Right? And in the Ethereum ecosystem, there's something called I get coin grants, where we've basically started like trying to use this mechanism to fund public goods inside the aetherium ecosystem, right? So this could be implementations of the Ethereum protocol. It could be scaling solutions. It could be wallets, it could be educational resources. And we've had a sniff test around recently with about and if $200,000 in this central matching pool, and it recently finished, I mean, you can go to gitcoin.co slash grants to see the results and you've got contributions from hundreds of people and the results that gave were actually pretty reasonable. So |
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| |
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| 1:14:27.380,1:14:32.300
| | Eric Weinstein 15:53 |
| have hegemony over this social function
| | That's fantastic. |
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| |
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| 1:14:29.840,1:14:34.699
| | Vitalik Buterin 15:54 |
| of coordination and enforcing structures | | Yeah, and so like, I think, Ethereum could have a lot of value, as And just being a test net bed for an decentralized governance and decentralized public good funding infrastructure of this kind? |
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| |
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| 1:14:32.300,1:14:37.190
| | Eric Weinstein 16:09 |
| of rules and you want there to exist an | | Well, I think that that's fascinating. I guess one of the ways in which I would understand that is, you know, when my wife, who's an economist, and I talk about this stuff, we often talk about a market democracy has these two voting systems, one is $1, one vote, and the other is one person, one vote theoretically, anyway, even if that's honor only in the breach. |
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| |
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| 1:14:34.699,1:14:39.880
| | Vitalik Buterin 16:28 |
| alternative then like that's something
| | Yeah, and like, liberal democracy does this horrible thing of like treating these as opposite poles where something is either one or the other, and they're, and they're often fighting each other when really everything's a spectrum. |
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| |
|
| 1:14:37.190,1:14:44.750
| | Eric Weinstein 16:40 |
| that we can talk about right so I mean | | And I like that a lot. I mean, another thing that we've been discussing recently, and this again, is sort of joint with with Pm ilani is thinking about the Chicago approximation, where you've got some reality that's incredibly nonlinear and complicated. And then weirdly in one of these famous This is where the map is not the territory. You take this incredibly simplified world where agents have this properties you can't even believe you would ascribe to a human being where you call it homo economicus, and it's perfectly rational. And it has all of these characteristics, like an automaton that only makes rational decisions. And then you impose that, like through law and economics programs, and suddenly you've distorted your society by taking the map as the territory so seriously, that you don't realize that you're destroying something and distorting. Yeah. |
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| |
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| 1:14:39.880,1:14:48.800
| | Vitalik Buterin 17:39 |
| if if the dream is to augments yes and I
| | No, that's definitely the like, it's a socially it's one approximation and immune, we're never going to have approximations that are perfect, because the world is just so glad to hear that. Yeah. And the world is just so complicated and so even rapidly changing in the 21st century, like approx in all approximations are bullshit, but like you have to find a couple of good ones that work reasonably well and make progress for us. |
|
| |
|
| 1:14:44.750,1:14:50.719
| | Eric Weinstein 18:07 |
| mean I'd argue that the block chains
| | And I think that one of the things that's unfairly done to cryptocurrencies is that we expect them to solve all of the problems that already cropped up, yes, in our forms of governance and our forms of currency and exchange in court systems. And that what we should be asking of them is to be improvements or to augment already existing systems. Now, one of the odd things about governance is we could view you, as in some sense, starting a rival virtual country that has a legal system because the Ethereum I don't know what to call it network platform protocol. |
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| |
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| 1:14:48.800,1:14:53.360
| | Vitalik Buterin 18:48 |
| have a variant of necessary role now
| | Yeah, it rolls coins and it has the right to reassign those coins |
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| |
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| 1:14:50.719,1:14:55.250
| | Eric Weinstein 18:51 |
| especially a kind of given modern kind
| | And, not only that, but it has a stand in for the legal system in the form of what are called smart contracts. Normally a we have this concept in governance, I guess it goes back to Weber that a government is supposed to be a monopoly on violence, which is an odd definition that you recover the concept of government from monopolizing violence, and then you, you sort of unearth and unpack all of the features of government from that one generating function. In some sense a cryptocurrency and smart contracts derive from math rather than violence, |
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| |
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| 1:14:53.360,1:14:58.130
| | Vitalik Buterin 19:32 |
| of political trends work there basically
| | derived from math and social consensus, right? |
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| |
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| 1:14:55.250,1:15:00.500
| | Eric Weinstein 19:36 |
| is no single traditional political body
| | Well, I love the fact that I was gonna get to that but |
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| |
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| 1:14:58.130,1:15:01.850
| | Vitalik Buterin 19:39 |
| that's accepted as trustworthy by the | | I know because this is important, right? Because like, for example, you know, you have the Bitcoin blockchain. And then you have the Litecoin blockchain, which operates under almost exactly the set of the same set of rules as the Bitcoin blockchain. And yet, the Bitcoin blockchain has 100 million dollar market cap and the Litecoin blockchain has a $3 billion market cap or something like that and much less usage. So, like blockchains are definitely not just math and technology, methods technology are the substrate and maybe in the same way that the military is like the substrate of keeping a country together, but |
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| |
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| 1:15:00.500,1:15:04.310
| | Eric Weinstein 20:14 |
| entire world and it doesn't look like
| | they're including police force |
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| |
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| 1:15:01.850,1:15:07.670
| | Vitalik Buterin 20:15 |
| there's going to be one but if your
| | exactly, but like they're the substrate but they're not the country, right the country is the community. |
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| |
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| 1:15:04.310,1:15:10.160
| | Eric Weinstein 20:21 |
| dream is to and if completely over
| | Well, and this goes to what I would love to get into you with love to get into with you, which is the way in which different utopian dreams collide in the space of cryptocurrencies. So, for example, there are some dreams that may sound more like what I assume you may be active in the effective altruism community, is that a possibility? Yeah. Which tries to figure out how to do the most good to do good efficiently rather than sanctimoniously. There are other people who have this idea of I just want to retreat from other human beings. And I want to be left alone I don't want to be taxed I want to be told what to do very strong libertarian perspective sometimes those people are the same people there's two |
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| 1:15:07.670,1:15:11.870
| | Vitalik Buterin 21:08 |
| overturn things and have some simplistic
| | kinds of libertarians there's well there's many ways to switch over to the two kinds but one like there's the Leave me alone type and then there's the kind of conquer the world type right the kind that kind of relishes exceeding fiat currency is be destroyed and replaced by Bitcoin and it's kind of you know, creating 1000 year kind of reign of sound money that soon I mean, I generally I have this kind of instincts that like when someone says that, like we should impose a lot of short term disruption and harm on the entire world for the sake of some nebulous long term gain. That's something to be skeptical of. But so I'm |
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| |
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| 1:15:10.160,1:15:13.870
| | Eric Weinstein 21:50 |
| notion of digital property rights as the
| | Underline the word skeptical. You're using an extreme form of understatement |
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| |
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| 1:15:11.870,1:15:17.630
| | Vitalik Buterin 21:55 |
| only thing that governs behavior then
| | Yeah, yeah, and I guess so I'm I'm definitely not in In the camp that had to actively relishes like fiat currency is being destroyed. But mean there's and I definitely don't think that all bitcoiners do like there's some that do see it as an of something that's supposed to coexist and something that's supposed to provide a check and balance against the government's monopoly on issuing money without replacing it entirely. So, you know, there are there's definitely enough different visions within individual communities, there's different visions between different communities. And there's, it's not just decisions about what cryptocurrency should do to the world, it's also visions about like, what how cryptocurrencies should work internally and what they should do to each other. So like, not in that sense, I guess, like, cryptocurrencies are interesting and in blockchains, not just because of like what they can do to the world but also just as this kind of microcosm of the world all unto themselves. selves. I mean, like we talked about countries, virtual countries, but you know, there, there's many virtual countries now there's over 1400 on coin market cap and they have some analog of God, if |
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| 1:15:13.870,1:15:19.820
| | Eric Weinstein 23:11 |
| that's something that like you can try
| | You do think of them as virtual countries? |
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| |
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| 1:15:17.630,1:15:21.170
| | Vitalik Buterin 23:14 |
| for but you're not going to succeed let
| | it's all models are bullshit, but some are useful. |
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| |
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| 1:15:19.820,1:15:23.510
| | Eric Weinstein 23:19 |
| me try something else with you that I'm
| | Well to the extent that a country is a sensible thing to label, yeah, |
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| |
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| 1:15:21.170,1:15:26.179
| | Vitalik Buterin 23:23 |
| curious about you and I are both plugged
| | yeah. |
|
| |
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| 1:15:23.510,1:15:29.030
| | Eric Weinstein 23:28 |
| in to this weird alternate world that | | So, in that world where we're dealing with often very radical individualism, and a very strong sense that there is something wrong with the coercive aspect of a government. Do you worry that something that you have given birth to, may start to behave in very different ways than you would ever want |
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| |
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| 1:15:26.179,1:15:29.919
| | Vitalik Buterin 24:00 |
| thinks very differently and I had Andrew
| | Definitely, I mean, probably the closest that we've seen to things like this happening already would be the the initial coin offering boom in 2017 and 2018. And like basically, what happened there was that people saw that cryptocurrency is are something that could potentially hit a very high value. And so people started saying, oh, like, I'm raising money like anyone come in, give me $50 million. And I'm going to build a cryptocurrency and I'm going to make it great and I'll turn your $50 million dollars into 50 billion, guaranteed and this like, and it's complicated, right? Because I mean, on the one hand, like the possibility of kind of raising money and using it to fund cryptocurrency development like it's, it did a lot of good, right? Like in general, like the open source community it's in, it kind of acutely suffers from This hash public goods challenge that we talked about because then open source software is a very public good. And we saw some very public kind of splats involving open source software being under maintains like the CloudFlare and have issues a couple years back when it turned out that's an open SSL library was like really, really under maintain despite billions of dollars of value depending on it. And with cryptocurrency, suddenly you can make things that are completely open source that through coins do have a funding mechanism. And like, you know, this has massive like massively accelerated the development of many kinds of cryptography is zero knowledge proofs and peer to peer networking, a lot of other things. But at this, on the other hand, like it's also given rise to this kind of speculation, and in many cases, the projects turn out to be outright fraudulent, right? |
|
| |
|
| 1:15:29.030,1:15:31.510
| | Eric Weinstein 25:51 |
| yang
| | But there's a really delicious and weird situation. I haven't asked you about it yet, but you're I presume that your net worth is crashed a great deal. We got run up and then came. Came back. Did you know and were you happy in any way about that? |
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| |
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| 1:15:29.919,1:15:35.050
| | Vitalik Buterin 26:10 |
| in that chair and you saw that episode
| | relieved? |
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| |
|
| 1:15:31.510,1:15:38.010
| | Eric Weinstein 26:11 |
| of the the point before some people call
| | relieved? |
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| |
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| 1:15:35.050,1:15:41.409
| | Vitalik Buterin 26:12 |
| this neuro divergence that this is a non
| | Yeah. So when the right at the top of the big bubble like in December 2017 when Bitcoin was hitting 20,000 eath was hitting 1400 I made this tweets and a series of tweets. And that sort of became somewhat famous on the space where I basically said, the cryptocurrency space has reached half a trillion dollars does does it deserve it? Like do the things that it's actually accomplished? Like hold a candle to the promises that the market is ascribing to it? And I mean, the subtext of my answer is not yet and that was proven very right. fairly quickly. In |
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| 1:15:38.010,1:15:46.380
| | Eric Weinstein 26:57 |
| neurotypical world and I would say that
| | could you didn't short it, did you? |
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| |
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| 1:15:41.409,1:15:50.590
| | Vitalik Buterin 26:58 |
| both you and I exhibit some indicia of
| | so The AI Ziad can get and get the Ethereum foundation to sell about 70,000 eath. Like basically at the top, and that's doubled our runway now. So this was one good decision that had a lot that had a lot of impacts, but did not short, |
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| |
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| 1:15:46.380,1:15:52.300
| | Eric Weinstein 27:19 |
| not thinking along standard lines the
| | I should say that I was weirdly somewhat relieved as well, I view that the innovation of decentralized transactions and the bit you know, it's hard for me to say because I actually am convinced that the blockchain should be an intermediate state and should not be the permanent version of decentralized computing agri, okay. But I thought that that was such an amazing innovation that you could have a locally enforced mechanism without a centralized authority, but with big Global ledger unfinished, which which I see of it as a point of intellectual failure, that, in some sense, you're mirroring the transactions of the physical world. So for example, for those listening at home who don't have a visual here, metallic, has several glass bottles next to him, where he to give one to me which he shouldn't do right now. But the idea would be that it would no longer be in his space, and it would be in mind. And that property of atoms has been somewhat mirrored in Bitcoin and blockchain and aetherium transactions. |
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| |
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| 1:15:50.590,1:15:55.599
| | Vitalik Buterin 28:45 |
| thing that occurred to me is that you
| | This is like the concept of like money as a thing, right? The scarcity of the 21 million limit. If I give you five coins, I have five less than you have five more, |
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| |
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| 1:15:52.300,1:15:59.110
| | Eric Weinstein 28:55 |
| brought up slight star codex which is
| | right. And so the idea is that it's what you're doing is you're putting conservation laws into from the physical layer into the logical layer. |
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| |
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| 1:15:55.599,1:16:02.679
| | Vitalik Buterin 29:05 |
| this website that is extremely
| | Right? And yeah, and I this and if to some extent kind of reflects the kind of very deep way of Austrian economic libertarian origins of the the space way back back in the end of 2009 to 2013 days. And creating like digital gold was pretty much the AMA digital payment system was the first use case. But I definitely think that like we can and should be thinking about point systems that work in ways other than money. |
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| 1:15:59.110,1:16:03.699
| | Eric Weinstein 29:36 |
| influential in our shared world and I
| | Well, I agree with that. And I also think that it isn't digital gold because as the saying goes, you know, gold or money has no stench, and that the blockchain is this bizarre difference with the physical world in that it is a distributed ledger that may be somewhat anonymous but still gives the history like if I had Do $1 and you don't have access to any particular means of analyzing whose DNA is on that dollar, you have no idea where it's been. And these that is not that is violated by the current blockchain type implementations. Yes. So it isn't a complete port of the physical world of digital, but it is a an astounding one. And I guess I get very frustrated with the economics questions like, well, what's good? What's it good for? Where's the killer app? I mean, we have all of whatever's left of human civilization to figure out what this thing is meant to do. Yeah. And I'm not very worried that we're not going to figure it out. I mean, we're going to figure it out sooner or later, because of conservation law and digital space is just too valuable. They're wrong. You worried at all about the search for? Like, I just hate this question. You know, where's that where's the killer app, and I'm thinking Chill out, man is this is an astounding intellectual achievement. Is that wrong? |
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| 1:16:02.679,1:16:06.579
| | Vitalik Buterin 31:07 |
| was thinking about the difference
| | Yeah. And I think there's definitely Yeah. And a long time ago, and I think in the apps will come, you know, there's the ones that are coming right now or basically you're gonna have financial but I think, I mean, that's kind of true just in part because the finance, the existing financial system is just like so ready and waiting to be disrupted that in the long term like there's, there's a disruptive and polite term for destroy. |
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| |
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| 1:16:03.699,1:16:08.550
| | Eric Weinstein 31:38 |
| between slate star codex and CNN in
| | You choose? Well, but I mean, there's something interesting here, you're 25 years old. Hmm. Every bit of your adult life is post 2008 Mm hmm. And to be 25 years old and in charge of a financial ecosystem to the extent that anyone is in charge of a theory, and I don't want to claim that you are sitting there, running it making all these decisions. That's an astounding thing that that this has fallen to somebody who, whose adult life is post the crash. Hmm. Do you think about that at all that you don't have the same associations the rest of us do with markets when they were claimed to be working well, like during the during the era of the great moderation, supposedly when volatility was banished? Yeah, so Team 12. |
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| |
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| 1:16:06.579,1:16:12.280
| | Vitalik Buterin 32:38 |
| terms of sense making
| | Right. So one thing that I kind of only realized recently that I found interesting is that they're like, there aren't kind of two tribes here. There's three tribes. Right. And what I mean by this is that there's the tribe that says markets are are great. And there's the tribe that says markets are bad. And like we shouldn't move to more things that look like political mechanisms. But then if you look at kind of the the Zeitgeist that's kind of fairly popular in the cryptocurrency space, I mean, definitely even still now to a big extent, it's that markets are great. But the thing that existed and exists like isn't markets. And so I guess like there's people who are pro market and who see kind of the existing financial system as being that, and there's people who are pro market and receive the existing financial system as being like yet another one of the perversions of that that needs to be overcome. |
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| |
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| 1:16:08.550,1:16:16.869
| | Eric Weinstein 33:38 |
| is there any way in which the etherium
| | Well, it's odd because I would love to fix our democracy. I'd love to fix our markets. But I'm, I have to say I believe that I have grown up in a approximately 50 year bubble which the silent generation and then the boomers presided over and my own read That because of their inability to figure out sufficient innovation to take over from the previously innovative system, that the world of human expertise has been almost completely contaminated by special pleading and political economy, so that many of us who don't have a particularly Austrian or libertarian bent are just sick to death of being lied to by people claimed to be Nobel laureates in economics. Yeah. Do you? Is it Yeah. 70 emotional connection to you. Hmm. I feel like I'm lied to about almost almost, you know, the doctors are lying. The lawyers are lying. The accountants are lying. The extraction companies are lying. And it's not because of a million different reasons. It's because growth ran out and our whole society is predicated on it. Need for economic growth? |
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| |
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| 1:16:12.280,1:16:20.649
| | Vitalik Buterin 35:02 |
| world can create a counterweight so that
| | Yeah, no, there's definitely a lot of things that are that have changed in us and a system that's just not keeping up and doesn't and doesn't understand that there is such a thing as keeping up. |
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| 1:16:16.869,1:16:22.630
| | It's like |
| the neurodivergent can rest the
| |
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| |
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| 1:16:20.649,1:16:25.840
| | so, like one, like, |
| stranglehold that seemingly the
| |
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| 1:16:22.630,1:16:28.899
| | even Glenn talks about this, right, like he talks about kind of the mark markets has social technology mentality versus the, like, basically, End of History mentality, and I guess, like, the way that they can, and I definitely saw this kind of, is, I guess, 10 years ago that said, kind of even more broadly than like markets versus other mechanisms that's like, things are 80% efficient, and let's work to make them 95% efficient. Whereas the, the thing that's really going on is that things are 3% efficient, and we should work hard. Making them 6% efficient. Like if you kind of move away from the narrow context of like I'm, I have something to sell when you have something to buy, which is pretty well optimized already, then there's lots of these kind of very big things that are happening that have just completely been missed and technology and then of network effects and all and just generally kind of migrating from atoms to bits are definitely all a big part of it. |
| neurotypical institutional world seems
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:16:25.840,1:16:32.229
| | Eric Weinstein 36:28 |
| to have on sense making it scale like is | | So, let's talk about something that's a little bit funny, which is if you're starting to replace government, as we were talking about it, and you see it as a monopoly on violence, you notice that very often there there's a very funny role played by organized crime. Now, of course, when we think about organized crime, we tend to get emotionally excited by it for whatever reason, we make lots of movies about it. It occupies the mind is something terrifying and alluring. And there's a Sort of two weird aspects to organized crime, one of which is violence as a contract enforcement mechanism. In other words, you're you're gambling, so you don't have access to the regular court system. Now you have a gambling debt. And so just the way our government would put you in jail, if you, you know, started doing things, you couldn't fulfill all of your obligations, and you were doing harm to lots of people, you couldn't be stopped. Organized crime has to do something can't maintain jails. Yeah. So it can put the hurt on somebody for means of contract enforcement. So it's, it's not looking to do violent things. It's looking to run illegal businesses for which there's demand. Yeah. And then it has a problem of enforcement. Then there's another part of it, which is violence is the product. So for example, extortion, be shame, if anything, were to happen to this lovely business that you're running, is a veiled threat pay us or we're going to do harm to your business or, you know, contract killings and the like, Yeah. Are you worried that effectively by introducing parallel structures, both in the form of currency, and in the form of contracts, smart contracts that are the sinequan on I guess, of the difference between Bitcoin and aetherium, right that the killer app that is most likely to happen while the technology is still clunky and cumbersome and difficult, is in the parallel space that either you are going to replace organized crime as a place to do contractual business outside of the normal scope, which could be a benefit because organized crime still exists and is a bad thing because it uses violence and you would use math and in place of it or that it could actually be used to facilitate violence by, you know, using, let's say prediction markets or something else, to induce people to commit crimes, where the committer the committer of violence has unusual information about where the violence will be committed and therefore can profit from it. |
|
| |
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| 1:16:28.899,1:16:33.989
| | Vitalik Buterin 39:25 |
| there a way of promoting another blog in
| | It's definitely a worry that kind of iron lots of people in the crypto space I've had since the beginning, though, I do feel like at least so far, I've been surprised like, it feels like less of it has happened than we had expected |
|
| |
|
| 1:16:32.229,1:16:37.149
| | Eric Weinstein 39:38 |
| this world would be like less wrong
| | the thing. Yeah. Now, what do you what accounts for the idea that something that can be drempt has mostly not occurred? |
|
| |
|
| 1:16:33.989,1:16:39.429
| | Vitalik Buterin 39:50 |
| there particular thinkers that I think
| | I definitely have a |
|
| |
|
| 1:16:37.149,1:16:42.099
| | Eric Weinstein 39:51 |
| of as being very important influential I
| | is maybe it's a great thing about humans that we didn't realize that we're not nearly the horrible people we thought well, |
|
| |
|
| 1:16:39.429,1:16:44.499
| | Vitalik Buterin 39:56 |
| think you've given to our breda grey and | | and I definitely have a couple of theories about this. So one of those theory is is that like, basically a lot of a lot of things that people do and especially a lot of things that people do in the InfoSphere, because like public goods are kind of chronically underfunded, and all that rely really heavily on goodwill. And so, you know, you have goodwill that if someone if you pay someone to write some piece of piece of software for your website, it's not going to include some blogs code. Yeah, some bug that will steal people's money or tell the FBI where you are that you if you create a system for enforcing agreements that they'll actually get enforced then, even like on internet, internet forums, they depend on kind of a lot of volunteer labor for just things like moderation. And if you create a group that just goes, like, fundamentally against like the vast majority of people's values, then it's just going to be hard to find volunteers. Record for that sort of thing. And like this. So that's probably the big the big reason I think why so far we don't really see a kind of, you know, complicated decentralized structure is being created to facilitate like, black black markets for killing people and so forth. Because let's |
|
| |
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| 1:16:42.099,1:16:47.139
| | Eric Weinstein 41:22 |
| Elliot sir you'd kasky there's like this
| | start off with something more mundane like a numbers racket, right? So a numbers racket would probably be a much simpler application. So what do you mean by numbers |
|
| |
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| 1:16:44.499,1:16:51.280
| | Vitalik Buterin 41:31 |
| very different world that isn't well
| | racket here? |
|
| |
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| 1:16:47.139,1:16:53.050
| | Eric Weinstein 41:32 |
| known and in part I view podcasting is
| | Well, something that takes the place of a lottery where some, let's say some naturally occurring number that would be printed in a newspaper, and presumably, nobody has the influence over what number gets printed. Right, constitutes the lotto draw. |
|
| |
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| 1:16:51.280,1:16:55.719
| | Vitalik Buterin 41:48 |
| like pirate radio which is the phrase I | | lotteries have existed on blockchain since the beginning. Yeah, okay. Even. There's definitely been this kind of self community of people that created this kind of provably fair Ponzi contract. brackets were in smart contracts and you can throw money in and as soon as if you're the person to throw money in as soon as soon as to when people throw money and you get, like 1.9 back or something like that, and this was just a fun game that people have made and like participated didn't even fully knowing what the economics of the thing are. So, yeah, and thing, things like that, if definitely happened, though. I don't like they'll in gambling is the sort of thing that like, there isn't like, there isn't this kind of nine, like 99% plus consensus that it's really horrible and evil, right? Because like, on the one hand, like lots of people want to ban it, but on the other hand, people do it. And it's something that people see negative consequences of but at the same time, it's something good is something that people participate in and enjoy, whereas the extremely bad stuff Like that's there's definitely this kind of this kind of barrier between kind of things that are edgy versus things that are just so far over the edge and for things that are kind of So, so far over the edge like it is like even with smart contracts and even with all of those things, it's still hard to coordinate those structures. And I think like the blockchain, like the blockchains inability to directly read facts about the real world could even be a saving grace here. Because like, because a blockchain can't directly read, whether or not something in the real world happens. It basically means that if you want to have some application, whether a prediction market or something else that does make so can |
|
| |
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| 1:16:53.050,1:16:58.929
| | Eric Weinstein 43:44 |
| keep your sum is that because you're
| | we say a little bit more about the problem, the intellectual problem that you're, you're in touching? Sure. So the idea is that there may be something that's very perceptible to us about the real world. But we might naively think, well, the computers should be able to tell whether that happened. Right? or it didn't happen, and that that's a surprisingly difficult thing to code up reliably. So that the interface between the world of bits and bytes in the world of otherwise physical reality, which often we don't realize we're thinking about subjectively, that it's hard to maintain that interface. So that the way in which the things that have happened in the real world can be definitely agreed upon without us any kind of adjudication inside of the digital. Right. |
|
| |
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| 1:16:55.719,1:17:02.439
| | Vitalik Buterin 44:39 |
| Russian yes what can we do potentially
| | Yeah. So I don't |
|
| |
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| 1:16:58.929,1:17:05.139
| | know how to say that. Well, blockchains are on a fundamental a programmatic medium, all the CEOs data that gets fed into the ends, what they can compute as a result of that data. And so if you wants to create a smart contract that says, if someone figures out how to what the prime factors of a big amount pay them a reward, you can do that because prime non prime factors are something that you can multiply together and verify. But if you want to have a smart contract that says, if there's a hurricane in Sri Lanka, then pay 500 bucks then, like you can't do that on the blockchain itself, because computer code has no idea what hurricanes are, it has no idea what Sri Lanka is. |
| using your technology to even the
| |
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| |
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| 1:17:02.439,1:17:07.979
| | Eric Weinstein 45:22 |
| playing field between corporate
| | Nobody knows. But in that case, you could have a designation that you know that the national correct, you can now you can get data from third party sources. And this is the thing that else turns it into data. |
|
| |
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| 1:17:05.139,1:17:10.360
| | Vitalik Buterin 45:33 |
| sense-making and this kind of
| | Exactly. This is the thing that a lot of applications are doing. But the thing that's important sticky have in mind is that as soon as you do that, like your smart contract is no longer fully trustless. |
|
| |
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| 1:17:07.979,1:17:13.139
| | Eric Weinstein 45:45 |
| home-brewed sense making that seems to
| | Right, right. So there's this concept, which is like a utopian Khan's concept of a trustless legal system, so that you don't have the messiness of humans anywhere in the system and you can have complete faith in it. confidence in the contract that you've struck? |
|
| |
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| 1:17:10.360,1:17:16.059
| | Vitalik Buterin 46:02 |
| me to be of an infinitely superior level
| | Yeah. Right. And like outside of proof, like basically giving bounties for solving math problems, like it's not something that you can 100% achieve. |
|
| |
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| 1:17:13.139,1:17:20.409
| | Eric Weinstein 46:12 |
| hmm well not infinitely but quite
| | So I can't necessarily ensure my vacation that if, if I go all the way to Argentina and the weather is terrible, it pays out because we can't agree what terrible weather is, |
|
| |
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| 1:17:16.059,1:17:23.349
| | Vitalik Buterin 46:26 |
| superior yeah so I think like once again
| | right? Like you can create structures bit made out of individual participants, they can try to align incentives to get people to kind of give to give correct results. So you can have complicated kind of contraptions involving people giving different answers and policing each other and rewarding people who give the same answer that other people have committed to and things like this, but like you can only try to approach the like, the idea of kind of corrects truth like you can never 100% reach it. |
|
| |
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| 1:17:20.409,1:17:26.889
| | Eric Weinstein 46:59 |
| there's kind of two aspects to kind of
| | Now. You Started aetherium in 2014 2015, |
|
| |
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| 1:17:23.349,1:17:28.809
| | Vitalik Buterin 47:04 |
| blockchain TM that I think are equally
| | started started end of 2013. I mean, it launched in 2015. |
|
| |
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| 1:17:26.889,1:17:30.280
| | Eric Weinstein 47:08 |
| valuable here one is the technology
| | Okay. Would you say let's use launch date as an artificial sure date? Would you say you are more or less excited emotionally? Huh? Then you were when it started. You've now been through. you've logged some miles here. Hmm. I |
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| 1:17:28.809,1:17:32.199
| | Vitalik Buterin 47:30 |
| itself and then the other is the
| | definitely, definitely an excited. |
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| |
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| 1:17:30.280,1:17:35.469
| | Eric Weinstein 47:34 |
| existing community around the technology
| | I was excited. |
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| |
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| 1:17:32.199,1:17:39.639
| | Vitalik Buterin 47:36 |
| and I mean with the tech with the | | I think the main difference is kind of more definitely a kind of excited in the sense of like four years. Well, definitely, like, kind of as opposed to indefinite it like four years, yeah, four years ago was about like, hey, let's make this platform to kind of try a really a bunch of really cool things. We have no idea what's going to happen and let's just stick it out there and Now like, we know things about things that people are already doing, we know things about things that people wants to do. And we and we also know more about Nick what the limitations are. And so instead of just being this kind of extremely fuzzy dream of like, let's stick smart contracts and algorithms and kind of trust or justify everything, right? It's something that's kind of both more moderate, but also kind of more like seeming much more like it. Like it actually has a big chance of transforming the world you know, precisely because that's when moderated to some extent. So you more |
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| |
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| 1:17:35.469,1:17:43.119
| | Eric Weinstein 48:42 |
| technology itself I mean you can try to | | if I gave you a false three choices, and by the way, smart people always hate these things. So feel free to break the model. If I gave you a choice between saying, Are you mostly excited about the technology in the amount of innovation? Are you mostly excited about the business opportunities for yourself? Are you mostly excited about the way in which this could transform human life? Would you be that? Would that be an easy call? Or would you say I reject that decision tree? |
|
| |
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| 1:17:39.639,1:17:43.600
| | Vitalik Buterin 49:13 |
| like create and you know institutions
| | Some mix of the first and the third? |
|
| |
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| 1:17:43.119,1:17:47.050
| | I don't know. I guess like, the framing of business opportunities is definitely kind of never like, this is weird. I mean, despite of even |
| for
| |
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| 1:17:43.600,1:17:49.780
| | Eric Weinstein 49:26 |
| I could do even things like funding like | | I get the sense that you don't love money enough. |
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| |
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| 1:17:47.050,1:17:51.640
| | Vitalik Buterin 49:29 |
| podcasts for example and like even like
| | Yeah, this is true. Okay. Hmm. And you know, it's weird, because for a long time, you |
|
| |
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| 1:17:49.780,1:17:53.380
| | Eric Weinstein 49:35 |
| things like this kind of get coin grants
| | have a lot of it. |
|
| |
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| 1:17:51.640,1:17:56.080
| | Vitalik Buterin 49:36 |
| quadratic voting for example it would be
| | Yeah, well, I have a lot of it. And it's also even weirder, because like, for a long time, I subscribed to this kind of branch of economics that basically says that like love of money is like the best motivation for vivo for people to have and I'm randian |
|
| |
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| 1:17:53.380,1:17:58.120
| | Well, and I'd say, |
| a potentially a great way to kind of
| |
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| |
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| 1:17:56.080,1:18:02.440
| | me in that area, |
| funds media organizations that avoids
| |
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| 1:17:58.120,1:18:04.270
| | Eric Weinstein 49:57 |
| the pitfalls of both say a present-day
| | but it's but I don't get that I'll be honest. I I just don't get that vibe, |
|
| |
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| 1:18:02.440,1:18:06.190
| | Vitalik Buterin 50:01 |
| media which is funded by some
| | right? And there's, I've definitely you kind of shifted a lot over the years. I think my experience even within the crypto space itself has kind of |
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| |
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| 1:18:04.270,1:18:08.290
| | given me a lot of new information to work with. |
| combination of battery of like
| |
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| |
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| 1:18:06.190,1:18:10.420
| | Like this. Basically in then this goes back to this kind of cryptocurrency is as a microcosm of wider society thing, right? Like, if you're like, basically any like any movements regardless of like what what the movement is for what its goals are to be succeeded needs to be sufficiently big. And when something is sufficiently big, it needs to have internal structure to coordinate and achieve its objectives, which means that it suffers from governance issues it suffers from public goods issue is it suffers from conflicts with adjacent movements suffers from conflicts between In its own values, and its and its own desire to succeed, and so on and so forth. And like it needs to come up with ways to answer like, basically almost the same kinds of hard problems that the world as a whole is working on. Well, |
| advertising and horrible work made
| |
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| |
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| 1:18:08.290,1:18:13.000
| | Eric Weinstein 51:16 |
| incentives and at the same time avoid
| | you know, it's interesting. When I look at this sort of World of people maybe had an epicenter in the Bay Area, though I think it's less true now. We're trying to figure out what is the future and how do we get there? There's a very clear sense that people's creativity and their intelligence is correlated with their financial success, but it's not very tight. And so there's like an embarrassment that well, that person is super amazing and they're not doing all that well. This person, somehow metabolizing tremendous amount. This is |
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| |
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| 1:18:10.420,1:18:15.160
| | Vitalik Buterin 51:54 |
| the pitfalls of like basically sent
| | something that I've definitely got to realize just from kind of my travels like I've interacted with a lot of kind of super famous people in different kinds of positions, which includes like some world leaders and includes some kind of leaders of like fields in cryptography. And it in you realize that, like people in the speeches, positions, they are impressive, but they're not like super amazing godlike, impressive, right. Some of them are, some of them are but then there's also super amazing God like impressive people that just like don't get to get that much recognition at all. What I'm trying to |
|
| |
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| 1:18:13.000,1:18:18.460
| | Eric Weinstein 52:31 |
| accentually controlled media and create
| | get at is that I think about, like, if you hang around with musicians, very often, you'll have somebody who's a super famous musicians and you won't know who's really good. And they'll tell you something you've never heard of, and you say, well, is that musicians musician? Exactly. This |
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| |
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| 1:18:15.160,1:18:20.080
| | Vitalik Buterin 52:45 |
| a third alternative so and like it
| | Yes. |
|
| |
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| 1:18:18.460,1:18:22.750
| | Eric Weinstein 52:46 |
| doesn't even have to be quadratic voting | | Right. And so, you know, if I, if I gave the name of people who are famous for being let's say, physicists, they're very often the people on television as physicists, but they will point to some guy who doesn't give a lot of interviews and say, well, that's the top guy exactly |
|
| |
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| 1:18:20.080,1:18:24.610
| | Vitalik Buterin 53:04 |
| it could be some other kind of mechanism
| | like basically, the social status like, is predicted by competence multiplied by, like, basically publicity skill. And that's half correlated with competence for obvious reasons, right? Like those people also know the people that have the real competence. And |
|
| |
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| 1:18:22.750,1:18:26.980
| | Eric Weinstein 53:22 |
| for funding and blog chains could be
| | that's one of the things that I've always found really interesting about people who have this diehard belief that markets produce justice, which is, I do think that success in markets is somewhat correlated, or has been with things like productivity, but it's also correlated sometimes with how predatory somebody can be or you know, how lucky they happen to be at a particular moment. And one of the questions that I have is, if you're really interested in innovation, which is what I sort of pick up is one of the main things How does something like aetherium? Hmm, give us a possibility to revitalize innovation after what many of us consider a period of relative stagnancy outside of the areas of computation communication, which everybody knows have exploded. Huh? Do you think about how Ethereum can mediate a new Renaissance, a new generative age? |
|
| |
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| 1:18:24.610,1:18:30.880
| | Vitalik Buterin 54:31 |
| used as a base layer for that there's
| | You talk about it a little bit. Definitely. And I think, I mean, there's a ton of aetherium as a platform for experiments in own governance and public goods funding is one thing I mentioned. And education is another thing that I kind of talk about and you and obviously we do. I mean, I have a lot of these blog posts on vitalik.ca and other forums, and like, they're one of the big challenges. If for example is that like for in an of internet educational resources in general there's basically two kinds, right? There's like papers and I Wikipedia and like basically things that are technically accurate, but they're just like horribly not understood and understandable at all and we should not be forcing people to even try reading them. And then there's Popeye literature which is very accessible but it's often just actively wrong and really horrible ways. And like I I personally, even before theory, I'm like I did Bitcoin magazine, for example, like I've always tried to find this kind of middle gap this way to explain, take concepts that are technical and expand them to broad a broader audience so that they are more accessible. And like this, to me has been important in part because like I view accessibility of information about the technology as a precondition for even the decentralization of the space. Like if the thing technically runs on people 30,000 computers, but only 42 people know how it works and your decentralization, indexes and 50,000. It's 42. And so |
|
| |
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| 1:18:26.980,1:18:36.130
| | Eric Weinstein 56:07 |
| also the end up watching community as a
| | it's a very nice point. |
|
| |
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| 1:18:30.880,1:18:38.680
| | Vitalik Buterin 56:09 |
| group of people who care about the many
| | Yeah. And so trying to kind of improve even like, even how we, in the theorem community and of work on innovation internally. But so those are kind of things that that happen in blockchains as NFL as a lab for trying out new things kind of first for the blockchain space, and then potentially, it could potentially export it to other things. And then we can also look at kind of blockchains as something that can be used to improve and create better institutions. So like one of the aetherium foundations, researchers have allowed Sam fair, he actually got into aetherium because he was looking at how to improve academic publishing. And, like he saw things like you know, the existing peer review mechanisms and how they were just a few flawed in a bunch of ways. And he thought that, like, Hey, here's a potentially apply form that we could use to like build something that does better. And like that's one of his core interests and why he is even continuing to work on the technology. |
|
| |
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| 1:18:36.130,1:18:40.450
| | Eric Weinstein 57:16 |
| of these kinds of ideas and I mean even | | You know, I hadn't understood how insiders used peer review in an academic context until a finance Professor got drunk at a party and said, you know, that guy who's harassing you in your research and finance, you don't know why he's doing so well. Why do you think he's doing so I know, he says, We've created a system where our fees are sky high to consult. And we do this by making the number of professors in our field small by controlling peer review. And so that effectively, we're conspiracy in restraint. Like this guy's just telling me straight out that this is a gating function to keep their consulting fees high, and that this guy is going to do everything that They tell him to do because otherwise he can't come into the club and charge these rates. That |
|
| |
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| 1:18:38.680,1:18:43.600
| | Vitalik Buterin 58:05 |
| a lot of etherion people are definitely
| | sounds about right. Right. |
|
| |
|
| 1:18:40.450,1:18:46.450
| | Eric Weinstein 58:07 |
| and some weight star codecs adjacent and
| | So that one of the app, another killer application. So you have one potential suite of applications, which have to do with facilitating illegality, some of that might regard result in net reduction of harm, because you could replace violence with math. Yes. On the other hand, a place where you could have a really positive effect is political economy where by removing the human ability to act badly, you effectively create a much fairer, more representative world exactly, you know, a, what do we do so you have an interest in the two fields that I find Wikipedia can't explain to any normal human being our theoretical math and physics, even biology. You can sort of Guess what's going on because you have something concrete to think |
|
| |
|
| 1:18:43.600,1:18:49.480
| | Vitalik Buterin 59:03 |
| then I feel like I have tried my best to
| | through. But it's even biology. Like you gotta learn math to deeply grok it because otherwise you're just memorizing like names of chemicals. |
|
| |
|
| 1:18:46.450,1:18:52.120
| | Eric Weinstein 59:10 |
| kind of bring these worlds together and
| | Well, but you might hear I have a PhD in math, if I try to read a math paper, one or two fields over from my own field, right? I will do less well with it than if I read a biology paper, even though I've taken no class in biology. |
|
| |
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| 1:18:49.480,1:18:54.360
| | Vitalik Buterin 59:30 |
| get them to talk to each other in means
| | That sounds right. |
|
| |
|
| 1:18:52.120,1:18:56.380
| | Eric Weinstein 59:31 |
| sometimes it is a challenge because
| | Yeah. Yeah. |
|
| |
|
| 1:18:54.360,1:18:58.270
| | Vitalik Buterin 59:31 |
| there's ways in which they're similar
| | Like there's a difference between the level of math that you have to know to just because it's important for you as a philosopher, and then and like, that's about the level of math that I think you need even to be good at biology to be good at economics to be good at a lot of things, right. It's understanding like principles, even things like for example, if you have a trade off between x and y, and right now you're optimizing entirely for accent it's a smooth curve, then, if you want a little bit of y, then you can get your first bit of y at almost zero cost of x, right? And that's just a prop. Like it's a property of continuous functions that like, from the maximum, the derivative starts at zero. And if you kind of just deeply kind of mentally grok, about like a couple hundred of these facts, we're deeply kind of mentally grok. Like how to walk then, like you get a lot. But then from there, there's also like the frontiers and often I mean, the frontiers are less important. |
|
| |
|
| 1:18:56.380,1:19:02.140 | | Eric Weinstein 1:00:32 |
| and there's a lot of people who are in
| | Well, so here's a weird thing I don't know how to bring up when I tried to understand crypto as a space. I'm always confronted by how incredibly Byzantine and impossible it is to understand all of the acronyms, all of the sub pieces of history. I mean, it's an incredibly fragmented experience in which I spent a long period of time just feeling moronic. Isn't it odd that like aetherium itself suffers from this, this problem? It's hard to know what's going on? |
|
| |
|
| 1:18:58.270,1:19:05.230 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:01:07 |
| both and there's also ways in which
| | Yeah, it's definitely something that we wants to fix. So I mean, if you ever have suggestions on like, what specifically we can make more understandable, I'm always happy to hear those. |
|
| |
|
| 1:19:02.140,1:19:07.030 | | Eric Weinstein 1:01:19 |
| they're sometimes different but those
| | Fantastic. Now one thing that I think is really interesting is this episode that occurred in the Ethereum space in which you were faced with a very serious question of leadership having to do with an emergency that you could have either allowed to follow the rules that had been previously specified in some sense, or could where you could interject a certain amount of human intervention, thereby letting people know that this was to some extent, not mediated only by rules and computers. Can you Can you say a little bit about this famous incident? And Sure. |
|
| |
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| 1:19:05.230,1:19:09.970 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:02:02 |
| those differences can be a good thing
| | So in 2016, there was this smart contracts that a group called select get launched called the D eo. And d O stands for a decentralized autonomous organization. And that's where I'm I came up with about three years before. And it basically means that you can have a smart contracts this computer program that controls digital assets and encode a set of rules for an organization. And like you can use this kind of smart contract basically as a replacement for things like companies, and so small, I could decide to launch a DA Oh, and there, Gao was intended to be basically a decentralized VC fund, so people could apply. The Gao would vote on which projects were worth investing in. |
|
| |
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| 1:19:07.030,1:19:11.950 | | Eric Weinstein 1:02:49 |
| yeah I guess I'm concerned that in our
| | So leaderless, rule-based, yes. And virtual, exactly. |
|
| |
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| 1:19:09.970,1:19:17.470 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:02:53 |
| we were coming up on an election in the
| | Yes. |
|
| |
|
| 1:19:11.950,1:19:19.300
| | Hit hit all the cypherpunk notes at the end there. Right Place, okay, and the thing launched and we were all expecting it during it's kind of initial fundraising phase, which was also like an open public blockchain process and to maybe get $5 million. But then he got five, and he got 10 and I got 20 I got 50 and 100. And then the price of eath went up and I got 200. And then when I was sitting at a friend was |
| US and I view Fox News in the New York
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:19:17.470,1:19:23.320 | | Eric Weinstein 1:03:26 |
| Times and CNN is like watching
| | it all alarming that it was so successful? |
|
| |
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| 1:19:19.300,1:19:25.300 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:03:28 |
| professional wrestling it's got a very
| | it after the 50 mark, I definitely kind of switched from excitement to deep apprehension, but you know, it's a contract did you let on it |
|
| |
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| 1:19:23.320,1:19:28.630 | | Eric Weinstein 1:03:37 |
| clear narrative structure before the
| | that you were feeling that way? A bit. Okay. |
|
| |
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| 1:19:25.300,1:19:29.890 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:03:41 |
| facts even come in yeah this is this is
| | You know, so on a June 17 2016, when I was in Shanghai at a friend's apartment, and it was about 15 and 30 something in the afternoon, I saw a message in one of the Skype chats that it was I was in and someone basically saying, hey guys look at the Dow, it seems like there's some money coming out of it. And so I checked on the public block explorer on the blockchain. And I saw a look that it seems like about $2 million eath has actually already been removed from the Dow and more eath incentive slowly being drained over time. And so I pings, the core developers, and I asked, Hey, is this normal? And at first I was thinking, Okay, the alternative is unthinkable. There has to be a reasonable explanation for this. And |
|
| |
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| 1:19:28.630,1:19:31.990 | | Eric Weinstein 1:04:35 |
| actually one of the things I've only
| | see, we're locked into some sort of denial |
|
| |
|
| 1:19:29.890,1:19:36.540 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:04:37 |
| really started noticing maybe in the
| | for the beginning. Yes. And the developers looked at it and over the next half hour, as more and more people came online and started chattering with each other, it became clear that the unthinkable has actually happened. And I actually burned about 20 of my own eath like basically just Dawson My the the theory on blockchain itself and just spamming it with transactions to try to kind of slow the attacker often is |
|
| |
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| 1:19:31.990,1:19:39.190 | | Eric Weinstein 1:05:07 |
| last like one to two years I think it's
| | denial of service. |
|
| |
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| 1:19:36.540,1:19:41.230 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:05:08 |
| narratives are something that like don't
| | Yeah, yeah, just spam the blockchain with transact, not |
|
| |
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| 1:19:39.190,1:19:43.870 | | Eric Weinstein 1:05:10 |
| seem like you're there when you're fully
| | all of my listeners will know the terms, |
|
| |
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| 1:19:41.230,1:19:47.200 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:05:12 |
| inside of them but once you and have
| | okay, so that the attackers transactions could not get in as quickly because the attackers transact, the attacker could only withdraw something like a couple hundred eath with every transaction. So it was a slow process, like in the hopes that the developers would find some way to apply was an |
|
| |
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| 1:19:43.870,1:19:49.240 | | Eric Weinstein 1:05:27 |
| step outside and you start seeing that
| | intentional inefficiency, or was just that |
|
| |
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| 1:19:47.200,1:19:50.980 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:05:30 |
| Nick wait these people are missing
| | it was it was not intentional. |
|
| |
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| 1:19:49.240,1:19:53.200 | | Eric Weinstein 1:05:31 |
| something and they're making predictions
| | So in some weird way, the inefficiency was a good |
|
| |
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| 1:19:50.980,1:19:55.780 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:05:34 |
| that turn out to be materially incorrect | | yes, it gets even weirder, there's an even bigger inefficiency. That was the that would prove to be an even better thing. So but then the developers however, did not find a way to plug the hole. But the attacker voluntarily stopped after stealing about 4 million eath from the Dow. But in any case, the this is a second inefficiency, right voluntarily |
|
| |
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| 1:19:53.200,1:19:56.830 | | Eric Weinstein 1:05:55 |
| like yeah there's no memory like there's
| | stopped. Yeah, there was a request made |
|
| |
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| 1:19:55.780,1:19:59.260 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:05:58 |
| no cost
| | no no as in the answer. just stopped. Okay. And so here's the second and bigger inefficiency, the money that was the attacker took out the 4 million if it did not go into the attackers wallet immediately. Instead it went into a child smart contract. And only after 35 days, could the attacker actually take that money out? And this was child smart contract. Do you mean a separate smart contract that that was created through a function call of the main da Oh, smart contract? Okay. So this was also not intended, right? It was just like a random quirk of fate that there was this big bug that was the biggest smart contract theft in history up until that point, and it put the money into this convenient box where it would just stay conveniently locked for 35 days, wherever one could stare and look at it. Oh, yeah. And the soon after this, there, were A call is happening between core developers and the proposal to remedy the situation with a blockchain fork came into play. Right. So basically what happened here is the there was a blockchain fork and emotional issue for this community. Yeah. So why is this so? Well, I guess first of all, it is I know exactly. So explain what what would happen. So, in general, a blockchain fork is on normal process, right? You have an upgrade and the developers of the Ethereum clients implement code that basically says after block number 4370000 stop processing blocks according to the old rules start processing blocks according to the new rules which have extra features attached and |
|
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| 1:19:56.830,1:20:01.750 | | Eric Weinstein 1:07:44 |
| yeah yeah you want to there's no
| | were blocks are just sent |
|
| |
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| 1:19:59.260,1:20:04.420 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:07:46 |
| accountability at all and it's something
| | packages of transactions. Yeah, okay, and B's and so ever before this sub, I know these code patches are formally proposed, there is this month period of many months long period of deliberation where changes are proposed people discuss them people talk about them. And generally it's agreed that these changes are good. And so people just go and download the code. And because everyone's downloaded the code, the blockchain after block 4370000 follows these difference in veterans are |
|
| |
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| 1:20:01.750,1:20:07.180 | | Eric Weinstein 1:08:19 |
| that you just actively start thinking
| | very warm and very human processes. Yeah, whole logic of a machine. |
|
| |
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| 1:20:04.420,1:20:11.730 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:08:23 |
| seeking out how to move beyond yeah you
| | Exactly. And |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:07.180,1:20:15.940
| | so, the Dell fork, it was also a fork. It was also a code change implemented by the developers of the clients that is in was pushed out through a new version of the different clients that people could download. And users went ahead and voluntarily downloaded. And it would basically change the rules of the blockchain, except instead of changing them permanently, it would only do what a single one time change, and the single one time change basically said during Block 11920000 before processing any transactions, take the ether that stuck in the this child contract and move it into another contracts that could then basically refunds it also the victims. And so this was a very kind of manual intervention, right? It basically says like, we all agree to run code that just irregularly takes us money and just reassigns it to this other thing. So |
| know I think figuring out a better
| |
|
| |
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| 1:20:11.730,1:20:18.730 | | Eric Weinstein 1:09:29 |
| funding model for media organizations in
| | it's very weird because, you know, we always think in like a sci fi movie that something that you think is human would rip off its mask and reveal itself to be a computer. And this is the reverse. Exactly. pewter face is ripped off revealing humans behind this this technological stack. |
|
| |
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| 1:20:15.940,1:20:21.010 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:09:49 |
| general seems because in some ways what
| | Yes. And, I mean, ultimately, like people talk about head of blockchain immutability, and like this is this idea that basically you're not supposed to do this. sort of thing. And |
|
| |
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| 1:20:18.730,1:20:23.500 | | Eric Weinstein 1:10:01 |
| I'm concerned about is that something
| | where does that supposed to come |
|
| |
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| 1:20:21.010,1:20:26.380 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:10:03 |
| like podcasting is almost a public good | | from? Exactly. So like there is there's definitely a sense in which it exists technologically, because like actually pulling off one of these forks is incredibly hard. And for example, if it was not the case that the money was conveniently stuck there in one, nice little azureus for 35 days, it would basically not have been possible to do it right. Because when as soon as you announced this protocol change that says we're going to take money out of here, put it in there, the attacker could just move the money from there to a different address and basically play this cat and mouse game and the attacker could win, but sometimes there is this possibility where you you absolutely can just like do these interventions and you can just decide to stop writing this code and start running this other code. And the only reason why this is not done more frequently, is basically because there exists these norms right in their existing norms in the blockchain community of law exam fear the researcher, I mentioned before And if calls them suppose ally, and like named after Nick Sabo and Nick's Apple actually dislikes the moniker Sabo is a lot but like it is a pretty accurate representation of kind of his beliefs, which is and the beliefs of many in the crypto community, which is basically that, like, even though it technically is code run by humans, we should act as though it is code not run by humans. And like because it is digital gold, right? Gold is not run by humans, gold is gold. And so if we want to make something that is like gold, then even though we're unfortunately stuck with this thing, run by humans, we should like try as hard as we can to pretend it's not. And like this was the ideology of a lot of people in this space. And the Dell fork very much went against this ideology. And so like, even though in my opinion, like having norms that you can't just like, go and edit whatever you want is valuable, but like when so much such a large fraction of the ecosystem is at stake. It's worth rethinking things. But like other people were, and if even more rigid in this regard. And so there was this kind of split in the community. And a portion of the community actually did not download the updates, right, a portion of the community did not download these code patches and implement the fork. And they just said, we will continue running our own our old chain. And the old chain has since then been called a theorem classic, and it runs to this day. |
|
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| 1:20:23.500,1:20:28.630 | | Eric Weinstein 1:12:25 |
| and so that's probably a public good
| | This is a fascinating Civil War, get F |
|
| |
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| 1:20:26.380,1:20:30.910 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:12:28 |
| well I'm advertising in the one thing
| | in essence, yes. |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:28.630,1:20:34.360 | | Eric Weinstein 1:12:30 |
| that right I keep I call it the business | | And what I get out of this is that there's this very weird thing, which is that people get very attached to ideologies. And then they come to understand why the simplistic version of that ideology can't possibly work in a warm human system. I watched this, if you ever gone to this festival called ephemeral, which is sort of Burning Man on the water, that was |
|
| |
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| 1:20:30.910,1:20:37.360 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:12:54 |
| model of last resort yes and we are
| | part of it, and I got invited to it, but I haven't had the chance to go yet. |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:34.360,1:20:39.070 | | Eric Weinstein 1:12:58 |
| going with an ad-supported model because | | So it's kind of a libertarian. Waterworld in the Sacramento Delta. And what was interesting is that one year in order to come to the festival, you had to have a lecture and you had to agree that you would receive the lecture because of problems that had happened the previous year. And you realize that these libertarians were being forced to invent governance, and rather than just anarchy, you had to have some organized system. And so one of my questions is, is that is that dream of escape from the heavy hand of government. Effectively, not something to be pursued inside of crypto space for the most part because we realize that it is going to require governance and that we can't figure out a way to turn this into a completely cold and methodical process. |
|
| |
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| 1:20:37.360,1:20:41.560 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:13:52 |
| I don't want to disguise we were
| | It depends on which version of the dream you subscribe to, |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:39.070,1:20:46.630
| | like the if the version of the dream you subscribe to was the dream that says We can finally use algorithms to like, basically completely eliminate human's ability to interfere in things than, |
| somebody offered to endow the podcast
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:41.560,1:20:48.310
| | like, |
| not not my employer and I decided
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:46.630,1:20:50.170
| | if your goal is to see that enforced 100%, then like, no, you're not going to get that. If your dream is that you dislike how governments have hit existing governments and monopolies of violence have hegemony over this social function of coordination and enforcing structures of rules and you want there to exist an alternative, then, like that's something that we can talk about. |
| against it because I think what I really
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:48.310,1:20:52.690
| | Right. So, like, |
| want to do is to try to figure out how
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:50.170,1:20:53.730
| | if the if the dream is to augments? Yes. And, I mean, I'd argue that the blockchains have a very necessary role now, especially kind of given modern kind of political trends work. There basically is no single, traditional political body that's accepted. trustworthy by the entire world and it doesn't look like there's going to be one. But like if your dream is to, and if completely over overturn things and have like some simplistic notion of digital property rights as the only thing that governs behavior, then that's something that they, |
| to improve the business model we've | |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:52.690,1:20:57.970
| | you can try for, but you're not going to succeed. |
| talked about a couple different
| |
|
| |
|
| 1:20:53.730,1:21:01.210 | | Eric Weinstein 1:15:19 |
| variations on advertising in order to
| | Let me try something else with you that I'm curious about. You and I are both plugged in to this weird alternate world that thinks very differently. And I had Andrew Yang, in that chair, and you saw that episode of the show before. Some people call this neuro divergence that this is a non neurotypical world. And I would say that both you and I exhibit some indicia of not thinking along standard lines. The thing that occurred to me is that you brought up slate star Codex, which is this website that is extremely influenced In our shared world, and I was thinking about the difference between slate star Codex and CNN in terms of sense making. Is there any way in which the Ethereum world can create a counterweight so that the neurodivergent can rest the stranglehold that seemingly the neurotypical institutional world seems to have on sense making at scale? Like, is there a way of promoting another blog in this world would be like less wrong? There are particular thinkers that I think of as being very important, influential, I think you've given to Aubrey de Grey and elites or yudkowsky. There's like this very different world that isn't well known. And in part I've used podcasting is like pirate radio, which is the phrase I keep, or some is that because you're rushing Yes. What can we do potentially using your technology to even the playing field between corporate sensemaking. And this kind of homebrewed sense making, it seems to me to be of an infinitely superior level. Hmm, well, not infinitely but quite superior. |
|
| |
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| 1:20:57.970,1:21:04.150 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:17:17 |
| make sure that controversial but very
| | Yeah. So I think like, once again, there's kind of two aspects to kind of blockchain that I think are equally valuable here. One is the technology itself and then the other is the existing community around the technology and mean with the tech with the technology itself. I mean, you can try to like create institutions for you even things like funding like podcasts, for example. And like even like things like the kind of get going grants quadratic voting, for example, it would be potentially a great way to kind of funds media organizations that avoids the pitfalls of both Say a present day media which is funded by some combination of advert of like advertising and like horrible clickbait incentives. And at the same time, avoid the pitfalls of like, basically sent essentially controlled media and then create a third alternative. So and like it doesn't even have to be quadratic voting, it could be some other kind of mechanism for funding and blockchains could be used as a base layer for that. There's also the blockchain and community as a group of people who care about the many of these kinds of ideas. And I mean even a lot of a theory and people are definitely and swayed star Codex adjacent. And I feel like I've tried my best to kind of bring these worlds together and get them to talk to each other. In lien, sometimes it is a challenge because there's ways in which they're similar and there's a lot of people who are in both and There's also ways in which they're sometimes different. But those, those differences can be a good thing. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:01.210,1:21:06.010 | | Eric Weinstein 1:19:07 |
| sensible and level-headed people can
| | Yeah, I guess I'm concerned that in our we're coming up on an election in the US, hmm. And I view fox news in the New York Times, and CNN is like watching professional wrestling. It's got a very clear narrative structure before the facts even come in. |
|
| |
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| 1:21:04.150,1:21:08.620 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:19:27 |
| weather the storm that the big problem
| | Yeah, this is this is actually one of the things I've only really started noticing, maybe in the last like, one to two years. Like it's narratives are something that like, don't seem like you're there when you're fully inside of them. But once you kind of step outside, and you start seeing that, like, wait, these people are missing something, and they're making predictions that turn out to be materially incorrect. Like, |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:06.010,1:21:11.620 | | Eric Weinstein 1:19:54 |
| that I keep seeing is that advertisers
| | no, there's no memory, like there's no |
|
| |
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| 1:21:08.620,1:21:15.460 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:19:56 |
| pull when there's a coordinated campaign
| | cost and yeah, yeah, you want to there's no accountability. at all, then it's something that you just actively start thinking seeking out how to move beyond. Yeah, you know, I think figuring out a better funding model for media organizations in general seems |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:11.620,1:21:19.570 | | Eric Weinstein 1:20:16 |
| to say drop that program or else yes and | | to me in some ways, what I'm concerned about is that something like podcasting is almost a public good. And so the ad totally |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:15.460,1:21:21.940 | | Unknown Speaker 1:20:25 |
| there's a a need for something like the
| | a public good. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:19.570,1:21:24.850 | | Eric Weinstein 1:20:26 |
| blockchain or a smart contract to make | | But advertising is the one thing that right I keep, I call it the business model of last resort. Yes. And we are going with an ad supported model, because I don't want to disguise we were somebody who offered to endow the podcast, not not my employer. And I decided against it because I think what I really want to do is to try to figure out how to improve the business model. We've talked about a couple different variations on advertising, in order to make sure that content reversal but very sensible and level headed people can weather the storm that the big problem that I keep seeing is that advertisers pull when there's a coordinated campaign to say, drop that program or else Yes. And there's a need for something like the blockchain or smart contract to make sure that you can't silence people who are speaking decently, just because they've pissed off a very large activist community. Right. So, do you see any way in which the blockchain for example, like I might give up advertising, if I could figure out a way to fund not only this program, but allied programs? |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:21.940,1:21:27.520 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:21:43 |
| sure that you can't silence people who
| | So in 2011, when I was starting Bitcoin magazine, I yeah. Well, it started off with like with this one anonymous person whose name I'll never know who will aside from T by his internet handle, and who was just paying The five Bitcoin which back then was $4 per article to write articles for him. And I mean, this was five times lower than the minimum wage, but I loved it because it was the higher highest wage I've ever had. And eventually, despite paying me five times less than minimum wage, I Kiba ran out of money. And like he's told me, hey, maybe Bitcoin week, we will have to shut down. And I came up with, with this business model that actually ended up saving it for a few months, and basically saving it all the way until I got rid of poached by Bitcoin magazine. And the business model is basically, I write two articles a week, and we'll publish the first paragraph of each article, kind of publicly. And we'll say the rest of these articles is kind of hidden for ransom. And here are some Bitcoin addresses. And if people can collectively come together and pay 2.5 BTC to these Bitcoin addresses for everybody. Yes, then it's nice. Yeah. And it actually worked well and it actually started breaking And like much more money than Kiba had paid before. So it's not saying like that precise model is gonna save. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:24.850,1:21:29.890 | | Eric Weinstein 1:23:08 |
| are speaking decently just because
| | It's a clever, it's a clever exploit. Yeah, |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:27.520,1:21:33.460 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:23:10 |
| they've pissed off a very large activist
| | exactly. And like, to me, more clever experiments as like what smart contracts are all about. So like, let's try lots of different things. And we're gonna have come upon some steps forward that are interesting. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:29.890,1:21:35.380 | | Eric Weinstein 1:23:26 |
| community right so do you see any way in
| | But I'd love to have you come back and talk to us about other things that other points. But let me just close by asking you a couple of questions about the mysterious origins of decentralized computing the blockchain and all of this stuff. Sure. What the hell? Why don't we know who Satoshi is at this point, where Satoshi seemingly came up with the first really viable version of this this idea, huh? We can prove that. Yeah, I guess those have been Those blocks have never transacted that, that are under satoshis control one would think. Yeah, and that's a very mysterious origin story. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:33.460,1:21:38.170 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:24:10 |
| which the blockchain for example like I
| | Yeah. It surprises a lot of people. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:35.380,1:21:40.930 | | Eric Weinstein 1:24:13 |
| might give up advertising if I could
| | Does it surprise you? |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:38.170,1:21:46.300 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:24:16 |
| figure out a way to fund not only this
| | It does. I mean, it's like there's definitely not many people that have managed to stay anonymous kind of through that level of prominence. Like even like silk road does kind of first big round of crypto anarchist outlaw project on top of Bitcoin like after about two years, Ross Ulbricht got caught. And then the tools for just continuing to look at things that you say until eventually you slip up and you use some word word patterns that match like word patterns that you used under your name and then you correlate things like it's difficult to get around like I've |
|
| |
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| 1:21:40.930,1:21:49.290 | | Eric Weinstein 1:24:55 |
| program but allied programs so in 2011
| | unabomber got away with this for a long time. The yeah The Citizens Committee to investigate the FBI that pulled off this amazing heist in 1971. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:46.300,1:21:52.180 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:25:05 |
| when I was starting Bitcoin magazine I
| | So in Ted wrote his stuff in the 1970s. Right? And that's also 19. Seven, you know, saying, now we have, we have the internet and everyone's stuff is on a law is publicly available. We have machine learning, we have statistical tools. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:49.290,1:21:54.040 | | Eric Weinstein 1:25:21 |
| well it started off with like with this | | Do you think it's well known who Satoshi is within a group that doesn't want to talk? No. |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:52.180,1:21:56.770 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:25:25 |
| one anonymous person whose name I'll | | So I am I think the I mean, there's high uncertainty about this, but I think that it's it's very likely is that the Satoshi is one person. |
|
| |
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| 1:21:54.040,1:21:59.800 | | Eric Weinstein 1:25:40 |
| never know who aside from Kiba his
| | You think that he is one person? |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:56.770,1:22:02.050 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:25:42 |
| internet handle and who was just paying
| | Yeah. And then there isn't some, like a theory grants conspiracy theory. I think you know, Satoshi, |
|
| |
|
| 1:21:59.800,1:22:03.970 | | Eric Weinstein 1:25:50 |
| me five Bitcoin which back then was $4
| | not that. You know, who's Satoshi is. But do |
|
| |
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| 1:22:02.050,1:22:07.240 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:25:53 |
| per article to write articles for him
| | you think I think it's someone I know personally. Yeah. |
|
| |
|
| 1:22:03.970,1:22:08.650
| | So if I had to pick one One person and the and |
| and I mean this was five times or lower | |
|
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| 1:22:07.240,1:22:09.910 | | Eric Weinstein 1:26:03 |
| than a minimum wage but I loved it
| | I'm not asking you to out that. Well, you can say |
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| 1:22:08.650,1:22:10.660 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:26:05 |
| because it was the higher highest wage
| | yeah, and I will say it. It's like, it's not an uncommon opinion if I if I had to, like bet my life on one person who helped me, basically because and how was around in the early days, he clearly understood what was going on here clearly participated since the beginning. And he also died at the exact time basically that she disappeared. And so there's a lot of these kind of coincidences in his favor, but then he's the one person I bet on if I had to bet on someone, but I'd also bet against him like it's well under 50% God, so it's a pretty good caper. Yeah. And there's, there's definitely a significant chance that it's like someone who's still in the in the crypto space somewhere that I've met at some point. Or it could just be someone we have never met and never will. He He's done a really good job, leg. Even just kind of setting himself up as this kind of perfect role or are they? Yes, yes and no. Yeah, she is. She really like, impressed a lot of people. |
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| 1:22:09.910,1:22:15.250 | | Eric Weinstein 1:27:15 |
| I've ever had | | It's pretty, I find it very inspiring. One of the great intellectual feats of our time, would have anonymous authorship. And the only story I know that's comparable to that is this bizarre break in story where the there was a woman I believe, named Judy fine gold, who was determined to take the secret to the grave. The other people in the conspiracy, left the conspiracy after the statute of limitations had run out and they started talking and then her perspective, as we all agreed, we were never going to mention who did it. There's some desire usually, to get caught and an urge to purge. |
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| 1:22:10.660,1:22:17.650 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:27:55 |
| um and eventually despite paying me five
| | Yeah, well, that does make it more likely there's one person right conspiracies get exponentially harder, the more people you add. That's true. |
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| 1:22:15.250,1:22:20.260 | | Eric Weinstein 1:28:05 |
| times less than minimum wage at Kiba I
| | It's been fantastic having you here, I want to let you know that you're welcome to come back and to talk about things that are unrelated to aetherium and blockchain and crypto, because I actually I have to say I found very inspiring. Your attempt to use this platform to rethink what can economics be repurposed to do and I think that that's an unheralded potential killer app for your your program. |
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| 1:22:17.650,1:22:22.830 | | Vitalik Buterin 1:28:31 |
| ran out of money and like he's told me
| | Thank you. It's been it's, it's been good to be on here. |
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| 1:22:20.260,1:22:22.830 | | Eric Weinstein 1:28:34 |
| hey maybe
| | Okay. You've been through the portal with Vitalik Buterin. Thanks for joining us. Please remember to subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts and to check out our YouTube channel. And to subscribe there and click the bell for more episodes when they become available. Thanks for joining us. |
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| '''(Last few minutes are missing)'''
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