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Mansfield Amendment (1969): Difference between revisions
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== Interpretation == | == Interpretation == | ||
The timing and scope of these changes suggest that the Mansfield Amendment, combined with subsequent policies (e.g., the [[Eilberg Amendment (1976)|1976 Eilberg Amendment]], the [[Bayh-Dole Act (1980)|1980 Bayh-Dole Act]] enabling patenting of federally funded research, [[IMMACT90]], and the 1993 Superconducting Super Collider cancellation), restructured incentives in academic science, turning universities into patent factories dependent on cheap foreign labor, killing mandatory retirement so risk-averse elders could block new ideas, and ensuring no new big-science instrument would ever again threaten the controlled stagnation. The result has been a prolonged period — now over 50 years — of limited fundamental breakthroughs in the fields most directly affected by the 1969–1973 funding restrictions, despite growth in overall R&D spending, computational resources, and the global scientific workforce. | The timing and scope of these changes suggest that the Mansfield Amendment, combined with subsequent policies (e.g., the [[Eilberg Amendment (1976)|1976 Eilberg Amendment]], the [[Bayh-Dole Act (1980)|1980 Bayh-Dole Act]] enabling patenting of federally funded research, [[IMMACT90]], and the [[SSC Cancelation (1993)|1993 Superconducting Super Collider cancellation]]), restructured incentives in academic science, turning universities into patent factories dependent on cheap foreign labor, killing mandatory retirement so risk-averse elders could block new ideas, and ensuring no new big-science instrument would ever again threaten the controlled stagnation. The result has been a prolonged period — now over 50 years — of limited fundamental breakthroughs in the fields most directly affected by the 1969–1973 funding restrictions, despite growth in overall R&D spending, computational resources, and the global scientific workforce. | ||
This pattern indicates a transition from a system tolerant of high-variance, exploratory research from independent, secure scientists with true [[Academic Freedom]] to one favoring reproducible, consensus-driven advances from docile, pliant and [[The Precariat|precarious]] STEM labor — a shift initiated decisively by the Mansfield Amendment's redefinition of permissible military support for basic science. | This pattern indicates a transition from a system tolerant of high-variance, exploratory research from independent, secure scientists with true [[Academic Freedom]] to one favoring reproducible, consensus-driven advances from docile, pliant and [[The Precariat|precarious]] STEM labor — a shift initiated decisively by the Mansfield Amendment's redefinition of permissible military support for basic science. | ||