Editing the Graph: Difference between revisions

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Eric Weinstein suggested several alterations, that have been included below:
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* In (ii), “vector bundle X” should be changed to principal G-bundle.
Though the original Graph aptly describes our physical knowledge, there are some minor alterations and additions to be made for it to accurately capture the current state of fundamental physics.
 
[[Eric Weinstein|Eric]] has suggested several alterations, listed below:
* In (ii), “vector bundle <math>X</math>” should be changed to principal G-bundle.
* Also in (ii), “nonabelian gauge group G” should be changed to nonabelian structure group G.
* Also in (ii), “nonabelian gauge group G” should be changed to nonabelian structure group G.
* In (iii), <math>\ R</math> and <math>\tilde R</math> should be (complex) linear representations of G and so they are not equivalent.
* In (iii), <math>R</math> and <math>\tilde{R}</math> should be (complex) linear representations of G and so they are not equivalent.
* He mentioned that some info was not required, and that the Higgs is remarkably absent.
* He mentioned that some info was not required, and that the Higgs is remarkably absent.


This is a modified version of the paragraph:
== Original Graph ==
The Graph is a paragraph from Edward Witten's paper [https://cds.cern.ch/record/181783/files/cer-000093203.pdf Physics and Geometry], at the bottom of page 20:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 600px; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">The Original Graph</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<blockquote style="max-width:575px; min-width:300px; font-size: 125%; background: #f3f3ff; border-color: #ddd;">
If one wants to summarize our knowledge of physics in the briefest possible terms, there are three really fundamental observations:
 
(i) Spacetime is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold <math>M</math>, endowed with a metric tensor and governed by geometrical laws.
 
(ii) Over <math>M</math> is a vector bundle <math>X</math> with a non-abelian gauge group <math>G</math>.
 
(iii) Fermions are sections of <math>(\hat{S}_{+} \otimes V_{R}) \oplus (\hat{S}_{-} \otimes V_{\tilde{R}})</math>. <math>R</math> and <math>\tilde{R}</math> are not isomorphic; their failure to be isomorphic explains why the light fermions are light and presumably has its origins in representation difference <math>\Delta</math> in some underlying theory.
 
All of this must be supplemented with the understanding that the geometrical laws obeyed by the metric tensor, the gauge fields, and the fermions are to be interpreted in quantum mechanical terms.
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
 
== Edited Graphs ==
Below are modified versions of the Graph:
 
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 600px; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Edited Graph Version 2</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<blockquote style="max-width:575px; min-width:300px; font-size: 125%; background: #f3f3ff; border-color: #ddd;">
If one wants to summarize our knowledge of physics in the briefest possible terms, there are four really fundamental observations:
 
1. Space-time is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold <math>M</math>, endowed with a metric tensor and governed by geometrical laws


2. Over <math>M</math> is a principal G-bundle <math>P_{G}</math> with a nonabelian structure group <math>G</math>.
3. Fermions are sections of <math>(\hat{S}_+ \otimes V_R) \oplus (\hat{S}_- \otimes V_{\tilde{R}})</math>. <math>R</math> and <math>\tilde{R}</math> are complex linear representations of <math>G</math> and thus are not isomorphic. Their failure to be isomorphic explains why the light fermions are light.
4. Yukawa couplings between the fermion field and the Higgs field endow fermions with the property of mass. Massive bosons also acquire their mass through this Higgs mechanism.
All of this must be supplemented with the understanding that the above geometrical laws obeyed by the metric tensor, the gauge fields, and the fermions are to be interpreted in quantum mechanical terms.
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 600px; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">Edited Graph Version 1</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
<blockquote style="max-width:575px; min-width:300px; font-size: 125%; background: #f3f3ff; border-color: #ddd;">
<blockquote style="max-width:575px; min-width:300px; font-size: 125%; background: #f3f3ff; border-color: #ddd;">
If one wants to summarise our knowledge of physics in the briefest possible terms, there are three really fundamental observations:
If one wants to summarise our knowledge of physics in the briefest possible terms, there are three really fundamental observations:


# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime Spacetime] is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Riemannian_manifold pseudo-Riemannian manifold] $$M$$, endowed with a [[metric tensor]] and governed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry geometrical laws].
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime Spacetime] is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Riemannian_manifold pseudo-Riemannian manifold] <math>M</math>, endowed with a [[metric tensor]] and governed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry geometrical laws].
# Over $$M$$ is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_bundle principal bundle] $$P_{G}$$, with a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-abelian_group non-abelian structure group] $$G$$.
# Over <math>M</math> is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_bundle principal bundle] <math>P_{G}</math>, with a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-abelian_group non-abelian structure group] <math>G</math>.
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion Fermions] are sections of $$(\hat{S}_{+} \otimes V_{R}) \oplus (\hat{S}\_ \otimes V_{\bar{R}})$$. $$R$$ and $$\bar{R}$$ are not [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphism isomorphic]; their failure to be isomorphic explains why the light fermions are light.
# [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion Fermions] are sections of <math>(\hat{S}_{+} \otimes V_{R}) \oplus (\hat{S}\_ \otimes V_{\bar{R}})</math>. <math>R</math> and <math>\bar{R}</math> are not [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphism isomorphic]; their failure to be isomorphic explains why the light fermions are light.
# The masses of elementary particles are generated through the Higgs mechanism.
# The masses of elementary particles are generated through the Higgs mechanism.


All of this must be supplemented with the understanding that the geometrical laws obeyed by the metric tensor, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_gauge_theory gauge fields], and the fermions are to be interpreted in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics quantum mechanical] terms.
All of this must be supplemented with the understanding that the above geometrical laws obeyed by the metric tensor, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_gauge_theory gauge fields], and the fermions are to be interpreted in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics quantum mechanical] terms.
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
 
</div>
</div>


== Further Resources ==
== Further Resources ==
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[[Category:Graph, Wall, Tome]]
[[Category:Graph, Wall, Tome]]
[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Requested Project]]

Latest revision as of 04:52, 1 September 2023

Editing the Graph
Ascending and Descending.jpg
Information
Topic Graph, Wall, Tome
Leader Aardvark
Start Date 27 January 2020
Edited Graph This or Better
Graph Mind Map Link
Google Drive Drive
Master Planning Doc
Links
Website Homepage
Discord Invite
All Projects

Though the original Graph aptly describes our physical knowledge, there are some minor alterations and additions to be made for it to accurately capture the current state of fundamental physics.

Eric has suggested several alterations, listed below:

  • In (ii), “vector bundle [math]\displaystyle{ X }[/math]” should be changed to principal G-bundle.
  • Also in (ii), “nonabelian gauge group G” should be changed to nonabelian structure group G.
  • In (iii), [math]\displaystyle{ R }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \tilde{R} }[/math] should be (complex) linear representations of G and so they are not equivalent.
  • He mentioned that some info was not required, and that the Higgs is remarkably absent.

Original Graph[edit]

The Graph is a paragraph from Edward Witten's paper Physics and Geometry, at the bottom of page 20:

The Original Graph

If one wants to summarize our knowledge of physics in the briefest possible terms, there are three really fundamental observations:

(i) Spacetime is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold [math]\displaystyle{ M }[/math], endowed with a metric tensor and governed by geometrical laws.

(ii) Over [math]\displaystyle{ M }[/math] is a vector bundle [math]\displaystyle{ X }[/math] with a non-abelian gauge group [math]\displaystyle{ G }[/math].

(iii) Fermions are sections of [math]\displaystyle{ (\hat{S}_{+} \otimes V_{R}) \oplus (\hat{S}_{-} \otimes V_{\tilde{R}}) }[/math]. [math]\displaystyle{ R }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \tilde{R} }[/math] are not isomorphic; their failure to be isomorphic explains why the light fermions are light and presumably has its origins in representation difference [math]\displaystyle{ \Delta }[/math] in some underlying theory.

All of this must be supplemented with the understanding that the geometrical laws obeyed by the metric tensor, the gauge fields, and the fermions are to be interpreted in quantum mechanical terms.

Edited Graphs[edit]

Below are modified versions of the Graph:

Edited Graph Version 2

If one wants to summarize our knowledge of physics in the briefest possible terms, there are four really fundamental observations:

1. Space-time is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold [math]\displaystyle{ M }[/math], endowed with a metric tensor and governed by geometrical laws

2. Over [math]\displaystyle{ M }[/math] is a principal G-bundle [math]\displaystyle{ P_{G} }[/math] with a nonabelian structure group [math]\displaystyle{ G }[/math].

3. Fermions are sections of [math]\displaystyle{ (\hat{S}_+ \otimes V_R) \oplus (\hat{S}_- \otimes V_{\tilde{R}}) }[/math]. [math]\displaystyle{ R }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \tilde{R} }[/math] are complex linear representations of [math]\displaystyle{ G }[/math] and thus are not isomorphic. Their failure to be isomorphic explains why the light fermions are light.

4. Yukawa couplings between the fermion field and the Higgs field endow fermions with the property of mass. Massive bosons also acquire their mass through this Higgs mechanism.

All of this must be supplemented with the understanding that the above geometrical laws obeyed by the metric tensor, the gauge fields, and the fermions are to be interpreted in quantum mechanical terms.


Edited Graph Version 1

If one wants to summarise our knowledge of physics in the briefest possible terms, there are three really fundamental observations:

  1. Spacetime is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold [math]\displaystyle{ M }[/math], endowed with a metric tensor and governed by geometrical laws.
  2. Over [math]\displaystyle{ M }[/math] is a principal bundle [math]\displaystyle{ P_{G} }[/math], with a non-abelian structure group [math]\displaystyle{ G }[/math].
  3. Fermions are sections of [math]\displaystyle{ (\hat{S}_{+} \otimes V_{R}) \oplus (\hat{S}\_ \otimes V_{\bar{R}}) }[/math]. [math]\displaystyle{ R }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \bar{R} }[/math] are not isomorphic; their failure to be isomorphic explains why the light fermions are light.
  4. The masses of elementary particles are generated through the Higgs mechanism.

All of this must be supplemented with the understanding that the above geometrical laws obeyed by the metric tensor, the gauge fields, and the fermions are to be interpreted in quantum mechanical terms.

Further Resources[edit]

  • Eric Weinstein tweeted about the paragraph here.