New Orchards

“So I use this analogy of the orchard, because everyone talks about low-hanging fruit. They know the concept of low-hanging fruit, but they don't think in terms of orchards. So they say things like, “You think we’ve picked all the low-hanging fruit, but I believe in the infinite inventiveness of the human mind!” It’s like, okay. That doesn't even work as an analogy. What if the idea is we only picked all the low-hanging fruit here and then we're having this stupid argument about low-hanging fruit and we're not going and looking for new orchards? We’re not planting new orchards, we’re not looking for forests, we’re just sitting here arguing about low-hanging fruit. So my claim is there’s probably a lot more low-hanging fruit and it's not here.”

"One of the things that I've found surprising is that I think I can tell a reasonably decent story about how this is a result of a scientific problem rather than the mismanagement of our future. Do you believe that if we assume that there was this early 1970s structural change in the economy, that it was largely a sort of man-made problem, which is what we seemingly implicitly always assume, or might it be a scientific one? And let me give you the one iconic example that really kind of drives this home for me. I think quarks were discovered in 1968, and to find out that the proton and neutron are comprised of up and down quarks is an incredible change in our picture of the world, yet it has no seeming implications for industry, and I started thinking about this question - are we somehow fenced out of whatever technologies are to come that we sort of exhausted one orchard of low-hanging fruit and haven't gotten to the next?"