Quantum Electrodynamics (Book)

	Quantum Electrodynamics
Information
Author	Lev Landau
Language	English
Series	Course of Theoretical Physics
Publisher	Butterworth Heinemann
Publication Date	1982
Pages	669
ISBN-13	978-0-08-050346-2

In a previous edition of volume 4, the theory of strong and weak nuclear forces was covered, as is mentioned in the preface to the second edition. In hindsight, it wasn't possible to predict the path of these developments which continue today; This shouldn't reflect negatively on this QED volume since the basics methods of the electromagnetic field have not changed, and continuing to experimental applications such as quantum optics will not feel anything lost in this treatment. The present authors and likely Landau himself had the foresight to restrict focus on what could be completely understood, and explain:

what a photon is, polarization
what a boson and fermion are, induced action by space-time symmetries
interaction of these particles with a classical field (to be thought of as a macroscopic lab environment)
radiation and application of the scattering/S-matrix concepts introduced in volume 3
perturbation and Feynman graph techniques to compute particle-particle interactions

And the level of mathematics developed is sufficient to continue to apply it to the quantum theory of metals and superfluid helium as in volume 9, condensed matter physics.

So what has gone beyond QED? The same finite-volume and finite-energy cutoffs made by Landau in the introduction are embedded into the mathematics of renormalization and effective field theory. As can be seen in Atiyah's book on gauge fields and Michelsohn-Lawson on Spin geometry, there is more geometric depth to the classical theory of fields. Standard QFT techniques dictate that we start with classical fields (either functions or gauge fields on bundles) and quantize them to produce a space of operators with desired commutation relations that also respect representation-theoretic aspects of the classical fields. At the quantum level, we measure amplitudes which are given by Green's functions/Correlation functions/propagators that relate the probabilities of processes relating individual points in space-time. These are integrated together to give individual operators on the abstract Hilbert space, which is captured in the Wightman formalism in the Fields and Strings book. Since then, multiple types of axiomatic QFT have emerged to pin down the space of QFTs as a mathematical and geometrical entity:

Wightman/correlator-based QFTs
Haag-Kastler/C*-algebra based QFTs (continued into Connes' approach)
Topological QFTs (originating with Atiyah, Witten, and Segal with axiomatic conformal field theory)

As Costello puts it, QFT based on Lagrangians of fields (and correlator techniques) is the most fundamental. C*-algebra QFT has been used to describe information theoretic aspects of QFT, even near black holes, but yields few concrete techniques in the way of relevant QFT. TQFTs skirt formulating the analytic content of what a QFT is, focusing instead on their emergent topological properties, but goes even further from real physics. They are however a novel topological invariant, so more resources on TQFT will appear here under further algebraic topology.

Once some structural understanding of many basic examples of QFTs was achieved, starting with the S-matrix, the "bootstrap" philosophy began where one algebraically specified the relations between observables and their symmetries out of principle. This leads to the perspective of there being a space of QFTs, where CFTs (conformal field theories) are realized as special fixed points of a flow - much like as with phase transitions in statistical mechanics.