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Science, The Endless Frontier (1945): Difference between revisions
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* [https://www.nsf.gov/about/history/EndlessFrontier_w.pdf 75th Anniversary Edition] | * [https://www.nsf.gov/about/history/EndlessFrontier_w.pdf 75th Anniversary Edition] | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== President Roosevelt's Letter == | |||
In a letter addressed to Vannevar Bush dated November 17, 1944, President Roosevelt requested his recommendations on the following points: | |||
# What can be done, consistent with military security, and with the prior ap- proval of the military authorities, to make known to the world as soon as possible the contributions which have been made during our war efort to scientifc knowledge? | |||
# With particular reference to the war of science against disease, what can be done now to organize a program for continuing in the future the work which has been done in medicine and related sciences? | |||
# What can the Government do now and in the future to aid research activities by public and private organizations? | |||
# Can an efective program be proposed for discovering and developing scientifc talent in American youth so that the continuing future of scientifc research in this country may be assured on a level comparable to what has been done during the war? | |||
== Introduction == | |||
Bush states that scientific progress is essential for (1) the war against disease, via extended government financial support to basic medical research in U.S. medical schools and universities; (2) national security, via military research during peacetime, supported by a civilian-controlled organization with funds from Congress and close liaison with the U.S. Army and Navy; and (3) public welfare, via a plentiful number of men and women trained in science, strengthened centers of basic research, where creative scientific exploration can flourish with minimal pressure for immediate, tangible results. | |||
== The War Against Disease == | |||
== Science and the Public Welfare == | |||
== Renewal of our Scientific Talent == | |||
== A Problem of Scientific Reconversion == | |||
== The Means to the End == | |||
== On X == | == On X == | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1258065884238589952 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1258065884238589952 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=[[Eilberg Amendment (1976)|Eilberg act in 1976]] was first. Then [[Bayh-Dole Act (1980)|Bayh-Dole]] undermined the [[Science, The Endless Frontier (1945)|Vannavar Bush endless frontier arrangment]]. | |content=[[Eilberg Amendment (1976)|Eilberg act in 1976]] was first. Then [[Bayh-Dole Act (1980)|Bayh-Dole]] undermined the [[Science, The Endless Frontier (1945)|Vannavar Bush endless frontier arrangment]]. | ||
|thread= | |thread= | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1258064619509174272 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1258064619509174272 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=“What happened in 1971-1973?” maybe the most underrated question of our time. | |content=“What happened in 1971-1973?” maybe the most underrated question of our time. | ||
There are roughly two schools. The larger more prestigious school thinks it was about economics. | There are roughly two schools. The larger more prestigious school thinks it was about economics. | ||
The smaller school thinks the economics were downstream of science and Embedded Growth Obligations. | The smaller school thinks the economics were downstream of science and [[Embedded Growth Obligations]]. | ||
|quote= | |||
{{Tweet | |||
|image=William_Blake-profile-rOugAtzF.jpg | |||
|nameurl=https://x.com/William_Blake/status/1257767541495042049 | |||
|name=Michael P Gibson | |||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/William_Blake | |||
|username=William_Blake | |||
|content=WTF Happened In 1971? | |||
Very much understudied era in history. The fork in the road, when stagnation began to spread. | |||
https://wtfhappenedin1971.com | |||
|timestamp=8:22 PM · May 5, 2020 | |||
}} | |||
|timestamp=4:02 PM · May 6, 2020 | |timestamp=4:02 PM · May 6, 2020 | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1258064619509174272 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1258064619509174272 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=The larger school has the gold standard/Breton Woods, female entrants into the labor pool, Arab oil embargo, Watergate etc... on its side. If you want somewhere to start, start there. | |content=The larger school has the gold standard/Breton Woods, female entrants into the labor pool, Arab oil embargo, Watergate etc... on its side. If you want somewhere to start, start there. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
|timestamp=4:07 PM · May 6, 2020 | |timestamp=4:07 PM · May 6, 2020 | ||
}} | |||
{{Tweet | |||
|image=Eric profile picture.jpg | |||
|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1449761947197456389 | |||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | |||
|username=ericweinstein | |||
|content=A lot changed for reasons *other* than the [[Science, The Endless Frontier (1945)|"Endless Frontier"]]. | |||
|thread= | |||
{{Tweet | |||
|image=Eric profile picture.jpg | |||
|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1449760949116624900 | |||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | |||
|username=ericweinstein | |||
|content=@dvijmankad It's not that hard. The Manhattann project was filled with iconoclasts. | |||
Also: Feynman's reception at Shelter Island after the war. Dyson's victory over Oppenheimer at the IAS. Watson vs Venter on the Genome. Smale on the beaches of Rio. Serge Lang at Yale. Schwinger's epigram. | |||
|timestamp=3:35 PM · Oct 17, 2021 | |||
}} | |||
{{Tweet | |||
|image=Eric profile picture.jpg | |||
|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1449761477594804228 | |||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | |||
|username=ericweinstein | |||
|content=All of that was from the Manhattan project into the present. Yes, big science changed things...but it was [[Mansfield Amendment (1969)|Mansfield]], [[Bayh-Dole Act (1980)|Dole-Bayh]], [[Eilberg Amendment (1976)|Eilberg]], [[IMMACT90]] etc that lost us the freedom of the individual inside the universities. | |||
|timestamp=3:37 PM · Oct 17, 2021 | |||
}} | |||
|timestamp=3:39 PM · Oct 17, 2021 | |||
}} | }} | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378074277122050 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378074277122050 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=If you won’t listen to the above and won’t honor the traditional agreements of old, let us charge you for science. Give us the IP protection for research so we aren’t your domestic servants. You will soon learn you had the world’s best deal. | |content=If you won’t listen to the above and won’t honor the traditional agreements of old, let us charge you for science. Give us the IP protection for research so we aren’t your domestic servants. You will soon learn you had the world’s best deal. | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378063367688193 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378063367688193 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=For F’s sake. The federal government has totally breached its tacit understanding with our US STEM community. We’re not your domestic help. Thank god someone is stepping in. Maybe @elonmusk will build an SSC replacement. I am frustrated that these people don’t do MORE in STEM. | |content=For F’s sake. The federal government has totally breached its tacit understanding with our US STEM community. We’re not your domestic help. Thank god someone is stepping in. Maybe @elonmusk will build an SSC replacement. I am frustrated that these people don’t do MORE in STEM. | ||
|quote= | |quote= | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378064986738691 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378064986738691 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=How about giving America’s own scientists and engineers the massive sticky gooey portion of the pie they have built for everyone else? Instead we deny them the ability to commercialize discoveries at the same time as we breach the spirit of [[Science, The Endless Frontier (1945)|the “Endless Frontier” agreement]]. | |content=How about giving America’s own scientists and engineers the massive sticky gooey portion of the pie they have built for everyone else? Instead we deny them the ability to commercialize discoveries at the same time as we breach the spirit of [[Science, The Endless Frontier (1945)|the “Endless Frontier” agreement]]. | ||
|timestamp=4:57 PM · Nov 18, 2021 | |timestamp=4:57 PM · Nov 18, 2021 | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378066031144960 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378066031144960 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=You’re a senator @BernieSanders. I voted for you once. | |content=You’re a senator @BernieSanders. I voted for you once. | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378068283473922 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378068283473922 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=I am quite honesty frustrated that Elon, Bezos and company are not using this wealth to save us…from you and your colleagues driving our STEM pipeline off a Cliff with your legislative acts. But at least they are building. Not as well as we used to build. But they might awaken. | |content=I am quite honesty frustrated that Elon, Bezos and company are not using this wealth to save us…from you and your colleagues driving our STEM pipeline off a Cliff with your legislative acts. But at least they are building. Not as well as we used to build. But they might awaken. | ||
|timestamp=4:57 PM · Nov 18, 2021 | |timestamp=4:57 PM · Nov 18, 2021 | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378073190825991 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1461378073190825991 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=Will you? There’s a difference between being frustrated with the absurdity of this inequality and being envious. Both are natural and understandable. But many of us want better inequality. You seem to be envious. Don’t mix your envy with STEM. Fix the above legislation instead. | |content=Will you? There’s a difference between being frustrated with the absurdity of this inequality and being envious. Both are natural and understandable. But many of us want better inequality. You seem to be envious. Don’t mix your envy with STEM. Fix the above legislation instead. | ||
|timestamp=4:57 PM · Nov 18, 2021 | |timestamp=4:57 PM · Nov 18, 2021 | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1580356325946499073 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1580356325946499073 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=I got it immediately. Stay in touch? Thx. | |content=I got it immediately. Stay in touch? Thx. | ||
|thread= | |thread= | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1580319421330907136 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1580319421330907136 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=1) [[General Relativity]]</br> | |content=1) [[General Relativity]]</br> | ||
2) (Pseudo-)Riemannian Geometry</br> | 2) (Pseudo-)Riemannian Geometry</br> | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1580319424627691520 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1580319424627691520 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=11) [[Science, The Endless Frontier (1945)|Science Policy Theory (V Bush)]]</br> | |content=11) [[Science, The Endless Frontier (1945)|Science Policy Theory (V Bush)]]</br> | ||
12) Selection (Abstracted)</br> | 12) Selection (Abstracted)</br> | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1580338843026219008 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1580338843026219008 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=Wow! Thanks for asking Dale. 1969…but 1973 is closely related. | |content=Wow! Thanks for asking Dale. 1969…but 1973 is closely related. | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1911860857249906738 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1911860857249906738 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=I find myself in agreement with @realchrisrufo on this point. | |content=I find myself in agreement with @realchrisrufo on this point. | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978471368263111134 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978471368263111134 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=Food for thought. Thanks my silicon friend. | |content=Food for thought. Thanks my silicon friend. | ||
|thread= | |thread= | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978461875194196078 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978461875194196078 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=Unpopular But Obvious Points: | |content=Unpopular But Obvious Points: | ||
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Our Military in particular. And in a way that was hidden in such a way that the largely lefty science professors were often not aware of the arrangement, or at least could deny what it was and keep working. | Our Military in particular. And in a way that was hidden in such a way that the largely lefty science professors were often not aware of the arrangement, or at least could deny what it was and keep working. | ||
Why? Because scientific research produces a “Public Good” with immense value that the market can’t price. This is Econ 101. | Why? Because scientific research produces a [[Public Good|“Public Good”]] with immense value that the market can’t price. This is Econ 101. | ||
And it worked like gang busters. But because it was cryptic, we forgot how it worked. | And it worked like gang busters. But because it was cryptic, we forgot how it worked. | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978463781106880597 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978463781106880597 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=More Unpopular Points: | |content=More Unpopular Points: | ||
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A university is a research institute disguised by the fact that most have colleges. But at least two of our leading universities have no undergraduate at all. | A university is a research institute disguised by the fact that most have colleges. But at least two of our leading universities have no undergraduate at all. | ||
A Lamborghini has a radio. But it isn’t a radio. No one buys one for the radio. | [[Is-a Versus Has-a|A Lamborghini has a radio. But it isn’t a radio. No one buys one for the radio.]] | ||
A University, is not a college. By the same token. | [[Is-a Versus Has-a|A University, is not a college. By the same token.]] | ||
|timestamp=2:11 PM · Oct 15, 2025 | |timestamp=2:11 PM · Oct 15, 2025 | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978466292458995913 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978466292458995913 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=Last Set of Unpopular Points: | |content=Last Set of Unpopular Points: | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978466854860718488 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978466854860718488 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=TAKEAWAY: | |content=[[Morals|TAKEAWAY]]: | ||
Blue Sky scientific research is the seed corn of an elaborate machine to ensure American military and economic supremacy. | Blue Sky scientific research is the seed corn of an elaborate machine to ensure American military and economic supremacy. | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978468840863670362 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978468840863670362 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=Post: hey @grok, can you add anything here? You know all this right? You have read the endless frontier? Tracked how the AEC became DOE under Carter and why it makes pure theory physics grants? | |content=Post: hey @grok, can you add anything here? You know all this right? You have read the endless frontier? Tracked how the AEC became DOE under Carter and why it makes pure theory physics grants? | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978469784695304347 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978469784695304347 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=Any thoughts? I feel like the Trump people don’t even understand this system as being all about our national security. Any idea of how to level up the current administration when so many university professors despise Trump? | |content=Any thoughts? I feel like the Trump people don’t even understand this system as being all about our national security. Any idea of how to level up the current administration when so many university professors despise [[Donald Trump|Trump]]? | ||
We can’t afford for them not to get this. | We can’t afford for them not to get this. | ||
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|nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978471025009635531 | |nameurl=https://x.com/EricRWeinstein/status/1978471025009635531 | ||
|name=Eric Weinstein | |name=Eric Weinstein | ||
|usernameurl=https://x.com/ | |usernameurl=https://x.com/ericweinstein | ||
|username= | |username=ericweinstein | ||
|content=I guess. The problem @grok is that a lot of Silicon Valley and the Trump folks turned their back on Science due to three things: | |content=I guess. The problem @grok is that a lot of Silicon Valley and the [[Donald Trump|Trump]] folks turned their back on Science due to three things: | ||
Fauci management of COViD | Fauci management of COViD | ||
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|timestamp=2:41 PM · Oct 15, 2025 | |timestamp=2:41 PM · Oct 15, 2025 | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Reference == | == Reference == | ||