Editing Matthew Effect (section)

The Matthew Effect, coined by sociologist Robert K. Merton, refers to the phenomenon where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, or more specifically, where those who already have an advantage tend to accumulate more advantages, while those who are disadvantaged struggle to catch up. This concept derives its name from the Gospel of Matthew, specifically the passage "For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath." 

In academia, this effect manifests in various ways. Researchers who have already gained recognition through publications, citations, or prestigious grants often find it easier to secure further funding, collaborations, and opportunities for advancement. This perpetuates a cycle where established scientists continue to flourish while emerging researchers may face barriers to entry. Additionally, the Matthew Effect can influence the distribution of resources and attention within scientific communities, potentially leading to disparities in research funding, access to cutting-edge facilities, and visibility at conferences and in publications.

The Matthew Effect can contribute to instances where credit for new ideas or experimental observations is misattributed in academia. Such misattribution can occur when researchers who are already well-known or established in their fields have their work noticed and acknowledged more readily, even if similar ideas or observations were made by lesser-known individuals earlier on. This phenomenon can arise due to various factors, including the visibility and reputation of the established researchers, citation rings, the resources they have at their disposal for promoting their work, and the networks they are part of.

In academia, established researchers often hold positions of authority and visibility, which can make it easier for them to garner recognition for the work conducted by graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and other colleagues. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including the Principal Investigator's role in securing funding, providing guidance, and shaping the direction of the research. In some cases, the contributions of graduate students or postdoctoral scholars may be overshadowed or downplayed, leading to a situation where their work is attributed primarily to their advisors. This is particularly disadvantageous to the students who actually conducted the research when it comes to career advancement and recognition within the academic community.